Computer Science Project
description
Transcript of Computer Science Project
Computer ScienceProject
Communication andNetwork concepts
PoorvajaJincy
Abhishek
Presented by:
• Transmission media twisted pair cable coaxial cables optical fibersMicrowaveRadio waveSatellite
• Data communication terminologies.
Contents
• Transmission media is also known as communication channels.
• They are the cables that connect two or mare workstations.
• Two categories: 1.guided media-include cables. 2.unguided media-include waves through air,
water or vacuum.
Transmission Media
Twisted pair cable
• Common form of wiring in data communication application.
• Voice grade medium(VGM)-basis for telephone wiring.
• Consists of two identical wires wrapped together in a double helix.
• Twisting of wires reduces crosstalk
• Unshielded twisted pair cable(UTP)
Shielded twisted pair cable(STP)
Types
Advantages
Simple
Easy install & maintain
Physically flexible
Low weight
Easily connectable
Inexpensive
• Incapable of carrying signal over long distances due to high attenuation.
• Low bandwidth capabilities-unsuitable for broadband applications.
• max. data rates = 1 Mbps- without conditioning 10 Mbps with conditioning
Disadvantages
•Consists of a solid wire core surrounded by one or more foil or wire shields, each separated by a insulator.•Inner core- carries signal•Shield –provides the ground•Suitable for high speed communication & widely used for TV signals.
Types•Thicknet-can be upto 500 meters long. They are thicker than thinnet•Thinnet-using this cable max. distance of 185 meters can be joined.
COAXIAL CABLES
Advantages• Can be used as the basis for a shared cable
network.• Can be used for broadband transmission.• Offer higher bandwidths- upto 400 MBPS.Disadvantage
•Expensive.•Not compatible with twisted pair cable.
•Consists of thin strands of glass or glass like material.•Light source –LEDs or laser diodes(LDs).•Bandwidth is very high.•Fiber cable consists of three pieces: core CladdingProtective coating •TypesSingle nodeMulti node
OPTICAL FIBERS
• Immune to electrical and magnetic interference.
• Highly suitable for harsh industrial environments.
• Guarantees secure transmission and high transmission capacity.
• Can be used for broadband transmission where several channels are handled in parallel.
Advantages
Disadvantages
• Installation problem- very fragile• Connection looses are common problems.• Cables are more difficult to solder.• Light can reach the receiver out of phase.• Virtually impossible to tap due to noise
immunity.• Most expensive.
Type Type Sub type
Max.Segment Length
Bandwidth supported
installation
cost Interference
Twisted pair cable
UTPSTP
100 mts100 mts
100 Mbps500 Mbps
Easymoderate
Cheapestmoderate
Highmoderate
Coaxial cable
ThinnetThicknet
185 mts500 mts
10 Mbps10 Mbps
Easyhard
Cheap moderate
ModerateLow
Fiber optic cable
MultinudeSinglenode
2 kms100 kms
100 Mbps
2 Gbps
Very hard
Very hard
Expensive
Expensive
None
None
Comparison Table
Guided media
The different types of guided media are :1. Microwave2. Radio wave3. SatelliteThe different types of other unguided media are :4. Infrared5. Laser
Micro waveadvantages
cheaper
Freedom from acquisition rights and other governmental requirements
Ease of communi
cation
Ability to communicat
e through oceans
No use of cables
Microwave disadvantages
insecure
Susceptible to weatherEffects like rain
Cost of design high
Implementation tricky
Antenna may split up in different pathway
Radio wave Offers mobility
Cheaper
Offers ease of communication
Freedom from land acquisition rights
advantages
Insecure communication
Reduce signal strength
disadvantages
Satellitesadvantages
Area coverage is
large Maintenance easy
Can cover large areas of the earth
Useful in sparsely populated areas c loses
Disadvantages
High atmospheric loses
High investment costs
Satellite disadvantages
Over crowding of bandwidths
High investments cost
High atmospheric losses
other unguided media
Infrared It uses infrared lights Used in everyday life like remotes , automotivegarage doors and wireless speakerCommon in pda’sLaserIt is a line of sight transmission Point to point transmissionIt can be adversely affected by weather
A channel is the medium which is used to carry information or data from one point to another.It is the unit of measurement for the Info. Carrying capacity of a communication channel This baud is synonymous with BPS another unitOf measuring data transfer rates. It refers to the speed at which data transfer is measured. It is generally used to measure the speed of information through a high speed phone lines or modems.
Acknowledgement
First and foremost, we would like to thank Kiran madam for having given us the opportunity for expressing our ideas through this project.We would also like to thank our friends for their creative ideas without which this would have been incomplete, last but not the least, we would like to thank everyone who directly or indirectly supported us.