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Transcript of Computer Repair Don Shappelle Adam Blaisse. Online Resources Supplemental documentation, videos and...
Computer Repair
Don ShappelleAdam Blaisse
Online Resources
• http://www.donshappelle.com
Supplemental documentation, videos and presentations.
Leave comments or ask questions and receive replies.
Computing 101
Source: http://www.warepin.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/categories-of-a-computer-hardware-3.jpg
Binary Numbers
• Base of two (0 or 1)• A single digit is a “bit”, can be 1 or 0.• 1= on, true & 0 = off, false• 11101010 to decimal:
Source: http://www.mathsisfun.com/binary-number-system.html
Hexadecimal Numbers
• Base of 16, easily translates to binary (base 2)0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F
• Not case sensitive (D is same as d)
Source: http://www.mathsisfun.com/hexadecimals.html
Kilo, Mega, Giga & Tera
• KB = about one thousand bytes (210)• MB = about one thousand KB or a million
bytes (220)• GB = about one thousand MB or a billion bytes
(230)• TB = about one thousand GB or a trillion bytes
(240)
NOTE: 210 is actually 1,024, so 1KB is really 1,024 bytes
Hardware
• Motherboard & BIOS• CPU, Power & Cooling• Memory• Storage Devices
Inside Your Old Computer
Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Quick_overview_of_pc_hardware.jpg
Inside Your New Computer
Source: http://g-ecx.images-amazon.com/images/G/01/electronics/cybertron/cybertronpc-fortressiv-internals-lg.jpg
Motherboard
• Printed Circuit Board (PCB) with expansion capability
• Holds many crucial components, like CPU & Memory
Descriptive Motherboard component diagram available at: http://computech-teluu.blogspot.com/2010/04/components-layout.html
Motherboard
• Most common is Advanced Technology Extended Motherboard (ATX), since 1995
Descriptive Motherboard component diagram available at: http://computech-teluu.blogspot.com/2010/04/components-layout.html
Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Acer_E360_Socket_939_motherboard_by_Foxconn.svg
Cooling
• Fan: attached to the heat sink to increase the airflow
• Heat Sink: piece of metal that draws heat from the CPU and dissipates it
• Thermal Paste: fills microscopic gaps between CPU and heat sink, aids in drawing heat from CPU
BIOS
• Basic Input/Output System• Built Into PC• First Software Run When Powered On• Press F2 for “System Setup” (Example)• Stored on a Chip that was originally Read Only• Can be rewritten, updated (called “Flashing”)
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS
CPU
• Central Processing Unit (THE BRAIN!)• Most of Processing, key factor in performance• Primary Manufacturers:
Intel (85%) & Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)• Choose a CPU compatible with Motherboard• Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) processors are
used in tablets and mobile devices, no fans, run with less power. (not usually replaced)
32 bit vs 64-bit
• A 64-bit CPU is required to run a 64-bit operating system.
• A 64-bit operating system is required for 64-bit applications.
• A 64-bit CPU will also run 32-bit software.
Note: 32-bit Machines MAX OUT at ~3.5GB RAM
CPU Cores & More
• A “core” is a fully functioning processor• With Multiple cores, tasks can be divided
among them, making it faster to process• Examples (Intel-based):
P4 HT, Pentium D, Core 2 Duo, i3, i5, i7
Complete List of Processors:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_microprocessors
Note: Hyper Threading allows a CPU to process two threads (groups of instructions) at a time, simulating two physical CPUs.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
• Short-term storage of applications or data• Allows processor to access and use
information• NOT THE SAME AS A HARD DRIVE, which is
used to store long-term data• VOLATILE – data is lost when power is lost.
RAM-related definitions• Dynamic RAM (DRAM)• Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) • Static RAM (SRAM)• Double Data Rate (DDR) SDRAM• DDR2• DDR3• DD4• Dual in-line memory module (DIMM)• Small outline dual in-line memory module (SODIMM)• Single, Dual and Triple Channel• Single-Sided, Double Sided• Parity• Error Correction Code (ECC)
Storage Devices
• Hard Drives• Solid State Drives• Connection Types• Floppy Disk Drives• Optical / Combo Drives & Burners
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
• Primary long-term storage device• Non-volatile• Uses spinning platters (up to 15k RPM)
covered with ferromagnetic material.• Data is written by magnetizing that material.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)Physical components:Platters. Hard drives have multiple spinning platters, and each platter can be writtento on both sides.Read/write head. A hard drive will have one read/write head for each platter side.Actuator. The actuator controls the movement of the arm.Actuator arm and axis. The actuatorarm is moved back and forthby pivoting around the actuator axis. This positions the read/write head on different areas of the platter.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)Logical components:
Tracks. Each platter is logically divided into multiple tracks, which are circular areas on the disk. When the head is positioned over a track, it can read or write data on the track as the platter spins.Sectors. Tracks are logically separated into track sectors. A sector can be between 512 bytes and 2 KB in size.Clusters. A cluster is a group of multiple sectors. Clusters are also known as allocation units and are the smallest element of a drive to which an operating system can write.
Solid State Drives (SSDs)
• Have no moving components• Use only electronics to store/retrieve data• Commonly seen in USB Flash Drives, Tablets• Faster Transfer Rates (as fast as 500MB/s)
Connection Types
• IDE• SATA• eSATA• SAS
Source: http://www.serialstoragewire.org/images/articles/it24fig1.jpg
Floppy Disk Drive
• Drive Letters A and B• Can hold up to 1.44 MB• Old version 5.25”• New version 3.5”• Rarely Used Now
Optical Drives (Disc, not Disk)
Types and SpeedsR (Recordable). A recordable disc can have data written to it once. It is sometimesreferred to as write once read many (WORM) and is used for backups and archives.It is possible to write the data in multiple sessions, but after an area is written on thedisc, it cannot be rewritten. The R applies to CDs (as in CD-R), DVDs (as in DVD-R), andBlu-Ray discs (as in BD-R).
RW (Rewritable). A rewritable disc can be rewritten many times. The RW applies toCDs (as in CD-RW) and DVDs (as in DVD-RW).
RE (Recordable Erasable). Blu-Ray discs use RE (as in BD-RE) to indicate that the discis rewritable.
Speeds:CD: 150 KBpsDVD: 1.39 MBpsBlu-Ray: 4.5 MBps
So, a 16X DVD-writer can write at 1.39MBps*16, or approximately 20MBps
Optical Disc Extraction Tool (ODET)
Questions, Comments, Suggestions?
• Ask on the site at http://www.DonShappelle.com
• Supplemental material available there for review and/or download