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Transcript of Computer parts
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04/10/2023 2
BEFORE BEGINNING
KNOW YOUR COMPUTER
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Computers
• Computers are automatic electronic devices that can perform complex tasks by breaking them into simple calculations and doing them extremely quickly .They have the ability to store , manipulate , and communicate information . Computers had a massive impact on our lives.
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04/10/2023 4WHAT’S INSIDE A COMPUTER
LET’S CHECK OUT
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• The part of the PC that you actually see
is the case
• It is officially called the "system unit,“ but generally called as
the case.
Computer Case
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• Everything is connected to the motherboard
• A motherboard is a thin, flat piece of circuit board, usually of green or gold
color, usually slightly larger than a piece of paper.
Motherboard
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CPU
• The CPU (Central Processing Unit, also called the microprocessor) is where all the calculations take place in the PC.
• CPUs will be either PGA (Pin Grid Array) or SEC (Single Edge Cartridge).
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RAM (Random Access Memory)
• RAM (Random Access Memory) is where theCPU stores programsand data that it iscurrently using.
• RAM is measured in unitscalled "bytes“ and"megabytes."
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Read Only Memory
• When you switch on a computer, a program that is permanently stored in the ROM checks the computer and makes it ready for use. The ROM’s program cannot be changed.
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Hard Drive
• Hard drives store programs and data that are not currently being used by
the CPU.
• Hard drive capacity is measured in megabytes and
gigabytes.
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• The capacity of a single hard drive can vary from as low as 10 megabytes (very
old systems) up to 40,80,120 or more
gigabytes.
• There are two common types of hard drives: IDE
and SCSI.
Hard Drive
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• Any PC might have IDE, SCSI or both installed.
• IDE drives use a roughly 1.5“ wide, 40-pin ribbon cable
• SCSI drives will use a roughly 2" wide, 50-pin cable
• IDE supports up to two harddrives per controller.
Hard Drive
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• Each ribbon cable has twoconnectors for hard drives.
• With two controllers, eachcontrolling two drives, a PCcan support up to four IDE
drives.
Hard Drive
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CD-ROM Drive
• CD-ROM drives enable the system to access CD-ROM disks. CD-ROMdrives are quite large, usually the single largest component inside the PC.
• They are connectedwith an IDE cable toan IDE controller.
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Floppy Drive
• The floppy drive enables to access floppy diskettes.
• Floppy ribbon cables are the narrowest ribbon cable, only slightly more than 1"
wide.• There is a twist in the cable, usually close to
where the floppy cable is connected to the floppy
drive.
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• A PC can support up to two floppy drives.
•If a PC has two floppy drives, they will be connected to the same ribbon cable.
Floppy Drive
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Power Supply
• The Power Supplyprovides the necessaryelectrical power to make
the PC operate.
• It takes standard 110 voltAC power and converts itinto 12, 5, and sometimes
3.3 volt DC power.
• The vast majority of powersupplies are about the
size of a shoebox cut inhalf and are usually gray
or metal colored.
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Power Supply Cable
• Every drive needs to beconnected to a power
connector.
• There are several powerconnectors on one power
supply cable.
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Connectors
• There are many types of connectors (often called "ports")
that differentdevices use.
• Although there are close to 50 different connectors used with
PCs, almost all connectors break down into these types:
"DB," "DIN," "Centronics," "RJ,"USB, " and "Audio."
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Keyboard and Mouse Connection
• All PCs have a keyboard port directly connected to themotherboard.
• Two types of keyboard connectors:– DIN type connectorpopularly known as the "AT-style“ – PS/2 style“ or mini-DIN
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• PS/2 style mini-DIN isfor both the keyboard
and mouse
• Each mini-DIN socketis clearly marked as
to its correct use
Keyboard and Mouse Connection
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Universal Serial Bus (USB)
• USB ports can handle many more devices
Keyboards Mouse
Digital cameras Printers
Data Cable And many more…
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DB Type Connectors
• They have a slight D shape, designed to allow only one
proper way to insert the plug into the socket.
• Each DB connector hasgroups of small pins and
sockets which insert as a group.
• DB connectors can have from 9 up to 37 pins.
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DIN Connectors
• DIN connectors are aEuropean design that
is also common on every PC.
• These connectorsare round and comein only two common
sizes: DIN and Mini- DIN.
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Centronics Connector
• Centronics connectors use one large central tab, covered with contacts instead of pins
although, the word "pins" is stillused to describe the number of
contacts.
• Centronics connectors are also distinct in that the sockets have wire "wings" that lock the plug to the socket to reduce the chance of accidental removal.
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RJ Type Plug
• The little plastic plug used to connect your telephone wire to the jack is a classic example of an RJ type plug.
• Two types of RJ jacks used in PCs: the RJ-11 and the RJ-45.
• The phone jack is the RJ-11. It is used almost
exclusively for modems.
• RJ-45 is used for one verypopular type of network
cabling and most networkcards have a RJ-45 socket.
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Audio Connectors
• Audio connectors are perhaps the simplest of all.
• Use to plug intosoundcards.
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Sound Card Connection
• Soundcards perform two functions;
1) they take digital information and turn it into sound, outputting the sound through speakers.
2) They take sound, inputted through a microphone, and turn it into digital data.
• In order to play and record sounds, a soundcard needs to connect at least to a set
of speakers and a microphone.
• Soundcards have four sockets for mini-type audio
jacks:– Microphone, Speaker, Line In, and Line Out.
• Soundcards will have a 15-pin DB socket that enables you to connect electronic
musicalinstruments.
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Sound Card
• The Microphone and Speaker connect a microphone and speakers.
• Line In enables a soundcard to record from a stereo, tape recorder, etc.
• Line Out enables thesoundcard to output to those same type of devices.
• Most PCs will have a smallcable running between thesoundcard and the CD-ROM to enable the CD-ROM to play audio CD-ROMs through the soundcard.
• Turning your PC into a stereo system!
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Video Card
• The video card will have a distinct 15-pin DB connector.
• While most DB connectors will have only two rows of pins, the video card will
have three rows.
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Network Card
• Networks are connected PCs that share information.
The PCs are usually connected by some type of
cabling, usually an advanced type of phonecable or coax.
• Network cards (NICs) provide the interface between
the network and the PC.
• A NIC will be distinguished by having one of the following types of connectors:– RJ-45– 15-pin DB– 9-pin DB.– It is very common to see NICs with more than one connector.
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Modem
• A modem works withyour telephone line.
• A modem is designedto translate analog
telephone signals intodigital serial data.
• An external modemsits outside the PC
and is plugged into aserial port.
• Modems have RJ-11sockets.
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Serial Port
• It takes a stream of serialdata and converts it into a format that is easily understood by the CPU.
• The serial connector wasand is either a 25- or a 9-pin male DB connector.• You can get an adapterthat enables you toconvert 9 to 25 or 25 to 9.
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ENDEXIT