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Computer Organization I

Lecture 1: Course Introduction and Basic Concepts for Computer Organization

� Course Style, Philosophy and Structure (20 min)

� Introduction to Computer Organization (20 min)- What is a computer?

- What is computer organization?

- What is computer architecture?

- The hierarchical structure of a computer?

- Four main functions of a computer

Overview

Objectives

� General information about the course outline & schedule

� Know the difference between computer architecture and computer organization

� Understand the computer as a hierarchical system

� Understand the general definition about a computer and its main functions

5

General Information

CS 2813 Computer Organization IInstructor Dr. Wei Lu, Adjunct Assistant Professor in ECE Dept., UVic

Research Fellow in FCS of UNBPhone 451-6967Email wlu@unb.caOffice ITC 323 in ITC buildingLecture time MWF 8:30 am – 9:20 am @ H128Office hours MW 2:00pm – 3:30pmWeb page https://learning.unb.ca/webct

(Lecture notes, homework, homework solutions, etc. will be posted on the course webpage)

Textbooks

•

Main Textbook

Computer Organization and Architecture, 7th/E

By William Stallings Prentice Hall, 2006

Optional Textbooks (Anyone from Two)

Digital Fundamentals, 10th/E

By Thomas L. FloydPrentice Hall, 2008

Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals, 4th/E

By M.M. Mano and C.R. KlimePrentice Hall 2008

Course Topics

� Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture- cover the chapter one of main textbook

� Computer Evolution and Performance- cover the chapter two of main textbook

� Digital Logic, including Boolean Algebra, Gates, CombinationalCircuits and Sequential Circuits

- cover the appendix B of main textbook and chapters from optional textbook

� Instruction Sets, including Characteristics and Functions, Addressing Modes and Formatsand HC11 Instruction Set

- cover the chapter 10 and 11 of main textbook

� Assembly Language Programming Using M68HC11

Course Evaluation and Grading Scheme

• Labs (16%)total 4 and each worth 4%

• Assignments (20%) total 5 and each worth 4%

• Midterm Exam (16%)close book, in class, Feb. 23 2009

• Final Exam (48%)time and location to be decided

More information about course grading policy, late submission for

assignments and lab reports can refer “course outline”

0-39 F

40-49 D

50-61 C

62-66 C+

67-71 B-

72-76 B

77-79 B+

80-85 A-

86-91 A

92-100 A+

Basic Concepts for Computer Organization

• What is a computer?

• What is computer architecture?

• What is computer organization?

• The hierarchical structure of a computer?

• Main functions of a computer?

What is a computer?

Any system that accepts data, processes the data according

to some instructions and produces some results

keyboard

mouse

display

disk / optical

speakers

.

.

.

printer

network

telephone

cable

wireless

other?

.

.

.

Computera “Black Box” system

What is computer architecture?

Refers to those logic attributes of a computer system implementation as seen by (visible to) a programmer

those logic attributes

1. instruction sets

2. number of bits used

to represent various

data types

3. I/O mechanism

4. techniques for

addressing memory

5. others, etc.

What is computer organization?Refers to all physical aspects of computer systems, including the operational units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specifications. Those physical hardware transparent to programmer, e.g. interfaces between computer

and peripherals, or control signals

The hierarchical structure of a computer?

main memory

System interconnectionscentral processing unit

input/output

registersinternal CPU

interconnectionsarithmetic/logic unitcontrol unit

control unit registers and decoders

control memory sequence logic unit

In a basic and rough level, a computer includes three components: (1) A CPU to interpret and execute programs

(2) A memory to store both data and programs(3) An input/output mechanism for transferring

data to and from the outside world.

In general term, the computer functions are:

Process Data

Store Data

Move Data

Control the function: coordinate how data is used

Main functions of a computer?

Data

Movement

Apparatus

Control

Mechanism

Data

Storage

Facility

Data

Processing

Facility

Data movement:

e.g. keyboard to screen

Operations (1)

Data

Movement

Apparatus

Control

Mechanism

Data

Storage

Facility

Data

Processing

Facility

Data storage:

e.g. Internet download to disk

Operations (2)

Data

Movement

Apparatus

Control

Mechanism

Data

Storage

Facility

Data

Processing

Facility

Data processing from/to storage:

e.g. updating bank statement

Operations (3)

Data

Movement

Apparatus

Control

Mechanism

Data

Storage

Facility

Data

Processing

Facility

Data processing from storage to I/O:

e.g. printing a bank statement

Operations (4)

Data

Movement

Apparatus

Control

Mechanism

Data

Storage

Facility

Data

Processing

Facility

• There are many organizations that set computer hardware standards -- to include the interoperability of computer components

• Throughout this book, and in your career, you will encounter many of them

• Some of the most important standards-setting groups are . .

Standards Organizations

• The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)

– Promotes the interests of the worldwide electrical engineering community.

– Establishes standards for computer components, data representation, and signalling protocols, among many other things.

Standards Organizations

• National groups establish standards within their respective countries:

– The American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

– The British Standards Institution (BSI)

• The International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

– Establishes worldwide standards for everything from screw threads to photographic film

– Note: ISO is not an acronym. ISO comes from the Greek, isos, meaning “equal”.

Standards Organizations