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1Practical PC 6th Edition Chapter 1

Computer Hardware, Software, and Peripherals

Objective: I can identify computer hardware, software, and peripherals including input and output devices.2

1. Your PC (Personal Computer) is a collection of hardware and software componentsHardware includes:Your computerPeripherals (Any equipment connected to it) Anything you can physically touch

USB Flash Drive for All StudentsPeripherals we have: Mouse, Monitor, Headsets, Keyboards, Speakers, Routers, Webcam, Flash Drive, Printers, Itunes32. SoftwareSoftware includes:The instructions the computer follows to perform a taskYou cannot touch software, its stored in the memory of the computerList five (5) software programsyou recognize from the icons listed.

3. Your PC (Personal Computer) is an electronic device containing:A microprocessor to carry out the commands of the computerRAM (random access memory) primary memory for temporary storageStorage media and storage devices for more permanent storage

RAM is like cramming for a test USB Flash DriveWhen Setting Up the Project Folder -- Hard Drive is learning 5

64. Computers also work with input and output devicesInput devices, such as keyboards, mice, and touch pads, are used to input data into the computerComputer Wore Tennis Shoes6

5. Output DevicesOutput devices, such as printers and display screens, show the results of processing

CRT Monitor Cathode Ray TubeTFT Monitor -- 76. Some devices can be both input and outputWhich peripherals are both?

DAY #29Practical PC 6th Edition Chapter 1Computer Hardware, Software, and PeripheralsBell Ringer Quiz (Multiple-choice Questions)Which of the following is NOT a hardware component? Game ControllerGame Headphones & MicrophoneComputer WebcamGame Software, like Call of Duty What does RAM stand for? Random Access Memory A Dodge TruckA sheep with hornsRandom Accessory Memories

101 D2 -- A10Computer Hardware, Software, and PeripheralsBell Ringer Quiz (Multiple-choice Questions)Which of the following is only an input device?Mouse PrinterUSB Flash DriveSpeakersWhich of the following is only an output device? Game Controller Headphones KeyboardTouch ScreenWhich of the following is both an input and output device?ScannerJoystickComputer Webcam Speakers

113 A4 B5 -- C11Computer Hardware, Software, and PeripheralsBell Ringer Quiz (Multiple-choice Questions)Which of the following is only an input device?Mouse (answer)PrinterUSB Flash DriveSpeakersWhich of the following is only an output device? Game Controller Headphones (answer)KeyboardTouch ScreenWhich of the following is both an input and output device?ScannerJoystickComputer Webcam (answer)Speakers

1212Computer Hardware, Software, and PeripheralsBell Ringer Quiz (Open-ended Questions)Name five (5) computer hardware components.What does RAM stand for? What is RAM? Explain.List three (3) peripheral input devices.List three (3) peripheral output devices.List one (1) peripheral that can be both an input and output device

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Objective: I can identify data vs. information, understand the binary nature of computing, and classify the different types of computers.Data and Storage

1. What is Data?Alphabetic and numeric information entered into a computer. Combining the alphabet, numbers, and characters is called alphanumeric data. A string of alphanumeric data in computer programming is in quotes, 1205 East 900 South

ON THE STATE TEST:Data15Then What is Information?

ON THE STATE TEST:Information

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2. Information is USEFUL DATAinterpreted by humans.Youve heard the saying, Garbage In = Garbage Out.173. Whats the Difference?Garbage in = Garbage outInformation is valuable data to humans.

184. Ways of Transmitting DataAnalog System Sends Radio Waves

Draws diagrams of the wave structure of each.Modems converted analog to digital.Analog car phones were the first cell phones.

ATT rent so much time on the fiber optic line that when it gets busy it rols back over to analog and creates dropped calls and bad reception.

Digital basically you either got an on or got an off do not have to decipher amplitude which brings in noise

Analog is better as we hear in analog so the computer has to encode it to what it thinks we hear.195. Ways of Transmitting DataDigital Systems Sends 0s and 1s

ON STATE TEST:Digital Systems

Draws diagrams of the wave structure of each.Modems converted analog to digital.Analog car phones were the first cell phones.

ATT rent so much time on the fiber optic line that when it gets busy it rols back over to analog and creates dropped calls and bad reception.

Digital basically you either got an on or got an off do not have to decipher amplitude which brings in noise

Analog is better as we hear in analog so the computer has to encode it to what it thinks we hear.206. Digital vs. Analog

Analog

sound or radio wavesDigital

sends 0s & 1s off or onDraws diagrams of the wave structure of each.Modems converted analog to digital.Analog car phones were the first cell phones.

ATT rent so much time on the fiber optic line that when it gets busy it rols back over to analog and creates dropped calls and bad reception.

Digital basically you either got an on or got an off do not have to decipher amplitude which brings in noise

Analog is better as we hear in analog so the computer has to encode it to what it thinks we hear.217. Digital Basis of ComputersBinary SystemComputers ONLY read 0s (off) or 1s (on) which are electrical impulses

Only recognized 0s and 1s.Relies on electrical impulses.Known as Machine Code.22

8. What are Bits? Bytes? KiloBytes? Megs? Gigs?1 bit = 1 particle of data (part of character of data)8 bits = 1 byte = 1 character1,000 bytes = 1 kilobyte1 million bytes = 1 megabyte (mega is a million)1,000 megabytes = 1 gigabyte (64 gig on an iPhone)1,000 gigabytes = 1 terabyte (3 TB storage drive)1,000 terabytes =1 petabyte 1,000 petabytes = 1 exabyte1,000 exabytes = 1 zettabyte

Stack of Floppies as if on poles at back

ON STATE TEST:How many bit make up a byte?How many bytes make up a megabyte?

Floppy Disks:7 inch 5 inch 360 KB3 inch 1.44 MG1000 = 1.4 GB1 Million = 1.4 TB

IF 3 inch floppy disk is 1/8 inch thick, 1 million stacked on top of each other would be 125,000 inches / 12 = 10,416 feet / 5280 = 1.97 miles

239. Types of ComputersSupercomputersMainframesWorkstationsMicrocomputersFile ServerWeb Server

Dunb Terminal Paris Hilton and Meet the Prents Airport Ticket PurchaseWorkstation The Warlock on Die Hard 4Super Computer WOPR

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10. SupercomputersFastest and highest-capacity computers available running hundreds to thousands of processors. As of November 2012, the Cray Titan supercomputer is the fastest in the world.Uses: Plotting the Sky Decoding the Human Genome/DNA Nuclear Testing Worldwide Weather ForecastingOriginally from CRAY.

Biggest largest fastest on earth used by NASA, Boeing

Super Cool a combination of hydrogen & helium, must remain cool. One at BYU. Military owns. Very expensive from hundreds to thousands to millions of dollars

The Blue Gene/P supercomputer at Argonne National Lab runs over 250,000 processors using normal data center air conditioning, grouped in 72 racks/cabinets connected by a high-speed, optical network2511. Mainframe ComputersLess powerful than supercomputers designed for mid- to large-size companies.Ruined if exposed to dust. Uses: Banks, airlines, universities, insurance companies, IRS, FBI, government.

Mostly used by banks and companies of that size. BYU runs on mainframes.

Mostly sold by IBM during the 1960s and 1970s.

2612. Dumb TerminalKeyboard/screen computer device that does not process locally process data or execute programs.Connected to mainframes.Uses: Airline Check-in & Kiosk, Banks, ATM

Paris Hilton

2713. WorkstationsMost expensive, powerful desktop computer with every conceivable option.Uses: Engineers use them for modeling airplanes, creating digital video and animation sequences. Architects use them to create blueprints and building plans.

A typical PC with just about every conceivable option.

They are commonly connected to a local area network.

28 14. Microcomputersaka PCs (Personal Computers)Desktop, Tower, Notebook, Laptop, Palmtop, Netbook, Tablets (iPad, ASUS)Down to 2 types : IBM (PC clones) or Apple/MacUses: Personal or Business, School Labs, Convenient, Good for Programming Software

15. File ServerA networked Workstation that has other machines attached to it.Attached to a LAN (Local Area Network) within a business or school.Shares services and resources (examples: printing, files, applications)Users have accounts and passwords to access its services.

Novell is one of the premier manufactures of networking software.3016. Web ServerStores the actual web page(s)/site users are requesting.Usually not located physically where the user is.Examples: www.yahoo.com, www.google.com, www.UVU.edu

31DAY #332Practical PC 6th Edition Chapter 1Data & StorageBell Ringer Quiz (Multiple-choice Questions)Whats the difference between data and information?Data is typed; information is processed.Data is alphanumeric text entered into a computer; information is useful to humans. (answer)Data is garbage in; information is garbage out.Data is numeric; information is alphanumeric.The binary system of computing is:Data is typed; information is processed.Data is alphanumeric text entered into a computer; information is useful to humans. (answer)Data is garbage in; information is garbage out.Data is numeric; information is alphanumeric.Data & StorageBell Ringer Quiz (Multiple-choice Questions)How many bits make up one (1) byte?1248 (answer)Which type of computer is the most expensive, powerful desktop computer with every conceivable option:SupercomputerMainframeWorkstation (answer)MicrocomputerWhich type of computer is the fastest and highest-capacity computer available running hundreds to thousands of processors. Supercomputer (answer)MainframeWorkstation MicrocomputerData & StorageBell Ringer Quiz (Open-ended Questions)Whats the difference between data and information?Explain the binary system of computing.How many bits make up one (1) byte?List four (4) different types of computers?

35Inside the Computer

Objective: I can identify hardware components inside the computer.1. Chassis (Case)

A computer case is also known as a "computer chassis", "tower", "system unit", "base unit" or simply "case.

It is the enclosure that contains most of the components of a computer.372. Power Supply

A power supply unit (PSU) converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a computer. Describe the power supply.

If you have a power surge and your computer wont turn on, it is usually the power supply and a really easy fix.383. MotherboardThe main processing board on which the microprocessor sits and all other devices are connected.

If your motherboard goes bad, what do you do? Go get another one.394. ROM (Read Only Memory)The ROM chip on the motherboard contains the BIOS (Basic Input Output System) and cannot be changed.

The BIOS software is built into the PC, and is the first software run by a PC when powered on. The fundamental purpose of the BIOS is to initialize and test the system hardware components.Other Type Of ROMOriginal Software, Applications on CDCD MusicAny CD you cant change

405. What is the function of the BIOS?BIOS = Basic Input Output System Soldered onto the motherboard; it cant be changed.Tells the OS (Operating System) that the hardware is working.

The computer's BIOS contains a number of simple system device drivers, but other devices such as printers require that a device driver be installed on the system. BIOS is soldered unto the motherboard and cant be change. When the computer is turned on, the first thing that happens is the BIOS talks to the operating system and tells it that the input/output system is working. IF the hard-drive failed or the electricity, it will tell you.

416. RAM (Random Access Memory)The computers primary memory; however, the memory is temporary. When the computer is turned off, data in RAM is lost.Each time you load an application, it takes part of the computers RAM.The more RAM, the more applications you can run at once.A typical desktop sold by, say, Dell or HP will have about 2 GB of RAM. Most computers on the market will support between 4 and 8 GB of RAM maximum.

On CD you can randomly skip tracks versus on a cassette you had to wind to that song.Cassette Tape and Player.Stick of RAMActivity: Try to CRASH the computer by opening up as many applications as possible in 5 minutes. As soon as the machine is completely locked up, then its out of RAM and crashed.

427. Cache MemoryCPU cache is a cache used by the central processing unit of a computer to reduce the average time to access memory.When the CPU needs data, it looks first in cache memory.The cache is a smaller, faster memory which stores copies of data from the most frequently used main memory locations.Examples: Closing a laptop while in the middle of an application, returning to a website that was recently visited.

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8. Microprocessor . aka CPU (Central Processing Unit)The BRAINS of the computer.The three main functions of a microprocessor include: (1) controlling all functions of the central processing unit, (2) calculating mathematical operations using logarithms and (3) enabling easy transfer of data from one location to another. Almost all electronic equipment is equipped with some kind of microprocessor.

The human brain actually works faster, but we cannot consciously think anywhere near that fast.

There are now quad core processors.

Microsoft has outfitted the 360 with a 165-million transistor, multi-core processor running (3) three 3.2-GHz PowerPC cores. The Xbox 360 uses the triple-core IBM designed Xenon as its CPU.

44CPU (Continued) Information Processing Cycle: Input, Output, Processing, and Storage

ALU = Arithmetic-Logic Unit of the Processor. ALU units typically need to be able to perform the basic logical operations (AND, OR) and the addition operation. CU = Control Unit. The control unit provides the timing and control signal to all operations of microcomputer. It control the flow of data between microprocessor and memoryThe human brain actually works faster, but we cannot consciously think anywhere near that fast.

There are now quad core processors.

Microsoft has outfitted the 360 with a 165-million transistor, multi-core processor running (3) three 3.2-GHz PowerPC cores. The Xbox 360 uses the triple-core IBM designed Xenon as its CPU.

45CPU (Continued) Information Processing Cycle: Input, Output, Processing, and StorageCurrent speeds are still in the 2GHz to 4GHz ranges. That means it executes operations (0s and 1s in electrical impulses) up to 4 billion times a second.Processors now have multiple cores or multiple processors in one unit. Quad cores are common.How many core processors run the Xbox 360?What processor does your computer have?

The human brain actually works faster, but we cannot consciously think anywhere near that fast.

There are now quad core processors.

Microsoft has outfitted the 360 with a 165-million transistor, multi-core processor running (3) three 3.2-GHz PowerPC cores. The Xbox 360 uses the triple-core IBM designed Xenon as its CPU.

469. Bus SpeedSpeed at which the connections (electrical impulses) are moving on the motherboard.The more data a bus can handle at one time, the faster it allows information to travel. The speed of the bus, measured in megahertz (MHz), refers to how much data can move across the bus simultaneously.The faster a computer's bus speed, the faster it will operate -- to a point. A fast bus speed cannot make up for a slow processor or chipset.

100 megahertz bus speed (slow, older computers)800 megahertz bus speed (faster, newer computers)1,000 megahertz bus speed (fast, expensive -- $4000)47

10. Expansion SlotsAdditional space in the case can be used to add peripheral devices like a hard drive and graphics card.When a hard drive is added, it comes with a circuit board that must be put in one of the expansion slots. Gamers add fast graphics cards.4811. PortsPorts to connect peripheral devices such as printers, scanners, digital cameras, etc.MouseKeyboardParallelSerialAudioUSBeSataLANHDMI

OHDMI -- High-Definition Multimedia Interface, HDMI connects digital audio/video sourcessuch as set-top boxes, DVD players, HD DVD players, Blu-ray Disc players, DVI-I -- The Digital Visual Interface (DVI) is a video interface standard designed to provide very high visual quality on digital display devices such as flat panel LCD computer displays.USB Universal Serial Bus (today most devices use USB)IEEE 1394a -- The IEEE 1394 interface is a serial bus interface standard for high-speed communications frequently used by personal computers, as well as in digital audio, digital video, automotive, and aeronautics applications. The interface is also known by the brand names of FireWire (Apple), i.LINK (Sony), and Lynx (Texas Instruments). eSATA -- eSATA is a high speed connection for external storage devices. These devices include but are not limited to Portable hard disks (HDD).n the back of the CPU 49Identify the Ports

HDMIDVI-IUSBIEEE1394aeSATALAN (RJ45)AudioOutput50HDMI -- High-Definition Multimedia Interface, HDMI connects digital audio/video sourcessuch as set-top boxes, DVD players, HD DVD players, Blu-ray Disc players, DVI-I -- The Digital Visual Interface (DVI) is a video interface standard designed to provide very high visual quality on digital display devices such as flat panel LCD computer displays.USB Universal Serial Bus (today most devices use USB)IEEE 1394a -- The IEEE 1394 interface is a serial bus interface standard for high-speed communications frequently used by personal computers, as well as in digital audio, digital video, automotive, and aeronautics applications. The interface is also known by the brand names of FireWire (Apple), i.LINK (Sony), and Lynx (Texas Instruments). eSATA -- eSATA is a high speed connection for external storage devices. These devices include but are not limited to Portable hard disks (HDD).

Inside the ComputerBell Ringer QuizWhich of the following is NOT a port found on the back of a computer?USB portCPU port (answer)eSATA portLAN portWhat is the function of the motherboard?It hosts the microprocessor and all other devices are connected to it (answer)It is the mother of all boardsIts the Central Processing UnitAll of the above51Inside the ComputerBell Ringer QuizWhich of the following is NOT a function of the microprocessor?Its the computers primary memory (answer)It controls all functions of the central processing unitIt calculates mathematical operations It enables easy transfer of dataPut the four (4) Information Processing Cycle functions into the correct order: Processing, Input, Output, StorageOutput, Processing, Storage, InputInput, Processing, Output, StorageInput, Processing, Storage, Output (answer)

5252Inside the ComputerBell Ringer Quiz (Open-ended Questions)Name four (4) ports found on the back of a computer.Explain the function of the motherboard.Explain the function of the microprocessor.Put the four (4) Information Processing Cycle functions into the correct order: Processing, Output, Storage, Input53

How to Protect Hardware from Theft or Damage

Objective: I can take steps to protect my hardware from theft or damage.1. Protect Hardware from TheftPractice Quiz:http://www.kubbu.com/student/?i=1&a=7690_ic3_protectinIf possible, physically lock up your hardware when not in use. Cables and steel combination locks can help prevent theft. When not using your computer, dont simply walk away. To quickly lock your computer without powering off, press Windows Key + L or Cntrl-Alt-Del to enter Windows Security and then select Lock Computer. Youll need to enter your windows password to reenter.The lowest-level software lock would be a password on the BIOS. Caution: A BIOS password does not allow the computer to fully boot until the correct password is entered.

Have students try Windows Key + L or Cntrl-Alt-Del to lock their computer.55

2. Protect Hardware from Damage

Practice Quiz:http://www.kubbu.com/student/?i=1&a=7690_ic3_protectinExtreme natural elements including humidity, heat, cold, and static electricity can all damage your computer and its components.Airborne effluents (something that flows out) can also damage your system including: dust, airborne particles, and chemical mist.

3. Electrical Power Surge Practice Quiz:http://www.kubbu.com/student/?i=1&a=7690_ic3_protectinAn electrical power surge or a power strike can damage your computer, especially the power supply. To avoid damage, plug your system into a surge protector , line conditioner, or battery-powered UPS (Universal Power Supply).

IC3 Practice Quiz:http://www.kubbu.com/student/?i=1&a=7690_ic3_protectin

57How to Protect Hardware from Theft or DamageBell Ringer QuizWhich of the following would NOT protect your hardware from theft?Physically lock up your hardware when not in use. When not using your computer, walk away and be sure to close your monitor. (answer)Use Windows Security (Windows Key + L or Cntrl-Alt-Del) and select Lock Computer. Always password protect your computer.Which of the following extreme conditions can damage your computer?Humidity, heat, and static electricityCold and chemical mistDust and airborne particlesAll of the above (answer)

58How to Protect Hardware from Theft or DamageBell Ringer QuizYou can avoid damage to your computer from a power surge in all of the following situations except which one?Plug your system into a surge protector.Plug your system into a line conditioner.Plug your system into a battery-powered UPS.Unplug your computer during a snow storm. (answer)

59How to Protect Hardware from Theft or DamageBell Ringer Quiz (Open-ended Questions)List one (1) way in which you can protect your hardware from theft.What are three (3) elements that can damage your computer?How can you avoid damage to your computer from a power surge?

60How to Solve Common Hardware Problems

Objective: I can solve common hardwareproblems myself.1. I cant type or pointKeyboard or mouse not working? Turn everything off, unplug the keyboard or mouse, plug it back in, restart your computer. If its a USB keyboard or mouse, try a different USB port on the PC. If thats no good, try borrowing a friends keyboard or mouse and see if that works.

2. I cant get on the internet

Unplug your router, wait 30 seconds, turn it on and try again.Still no good? Unplug the internet cable or disable the internet on your computer, wait 30 seconds, then plug back in and/or enable the internet.

3. I cant use my monitor

Quite often, graphics cards will turn your monitor off because they are overheating due to all the accumulated dust.Unplug everything and then in a well-lit room so you can see whats going on open the system unit and find the graphics card.It will probably be the largest vertically placed circuit board in there and will usually have either a grid-like metal box on it or a little fan. Follow the instructions in the manual that explain how to remove it safely and then, using a cotton swab or can of compressed air, clean off all the dust.If the fans casing can be removed from the card, try doing this and cleaning inside. Then put the whole lot back together again andsee if that solves your monitor problem.

4. My DVD drive wont open !

My computers DVD drive has jammed shut no matter how many times I push the button on the front it just wont open, and theres a disc inside. How can I get it open?Almost all DVD drives have a small hole at the front that acts as a quick-release for the drive. To use this, insert a small object (a straightened paper clip is perfect) into the hole and push firmly. The drive door should now pop open a small amount, allowing you to pull the tray out and retrieve the disc.If you have to do this repeatedly, though, the drive is probably malfunctioning: if so, a replacement is often inexpensive.

5. I cant print: 5 steps to solve common printer problems

Check for correct paper size and make sure you haven't overfilled your paper feeder to avoid paper jams; this may even stop a smudgy or uneven print problem. Check all the cords that they are properly installed. Turn off the printer, then turn it back on.Update or re-install your driver may fix printing errors such as strange characters and unreadable text. Clean your printer heads to avoid blurry text and images.Replace your cartridges or toner to fix "low ink level" alerts and missing/non-existent text or pictures.

6. I cant boot my computer

If you cannot boot your computer, then it is time to address the possibility of your C drive having failed. There are several different solutions to take care of this particular problem.Use your System Disk to restore the system to factory specificationsReboot your system with a back up diskSometimes you will need to totally erase your hard disk and start over again. If this fails, then it is time for a professional to take over and totally replace your C drive. C drives do fail on occasion and have to be replaced. This is a job for the computer professional to take care of.http://www.washington.edu/lst/help/computing_fundamentals/troubleshootingxp/common_hardware677. My device is not working!Devices are any piece of individual hardware in your system. For example: printer, speakers, cd/dvd/blu-ray drives, graphics card, internal wireless internet card, etc. To get a list of all your devices and the manufacturers, open the Windows Control Panel, choose System, choose Hardware, choose Device Manager.Open the device to read the Manufacturer and Specifications.

688. Install or reinstall drivers for the device Install or reinstall drivers for the device in Windows . Windows automatically searches for drivers when new devices are connected and notifies you of any available updates. It may be necessary to manually install them yourself, if these files are contained directly on the device, on a CD/DVD sold with the equipment, or on the manufacturer's website. For example, if your HP printer isnt working, download the latest driver from the manufacturer.After you download the current driver from the manufacturers website, activate driver setup, just double-click on the driver installation program, usually Setup.exe.

699. Turn on Automatic Updates Turn on Automatic Updates by opening the Windows Control Panel, choose System, choose Automatic Updates, select Automatic.Confirm that you're using the latest drivers for your hardware. Manufacturers routinely issue patches to correct errors and inconsistencies that users encounter. To do so, simply use Windows Update, visit the Microsoft Download Center, or check the Download or Support section of the manufacturer's website. Reboot your system and test the device again.

7071Practical PC 6th Edition Chapter 1

How to Solve Common Hardware ProblemsBell Ringer QuizWhat can you try if your printer is not printing? Check for correct paper sizeCheck all the cords that they are properly installedTurn off the printer, then turn it back onUpdate or re-install your driverReplace your cartridges or tonerAll of the above (answer)What can you try if your keyboard is not typing?Turn everything off, unplug the keyboard, then plug it back inTry a different USB port on the PCTry borrowing a friends keyboard and see if that worksAll of the above (answer)How to Solve Common Hardware ProblemsBell Ringer QuizWhat is the first thing you should do if your CD/DVD drive wont open?Insert a small object like a straightened paper clip into the hole in the front and push firmly (answer)Update or re-install your driverPurchase a new CD/DVD drive immediatelyCall the manufacturer for suggestionsWhat should you do if you cant boot your computer?Reboot your system with a back up diskTotally erase your hard disk and start over againUse your system disk to restore the system to factory specificationsC drives do fail on occasion and have to be replacedAll of the above (answer)How to Solve Common Hardware ProblemsBell Ringer Quiz (Open-ended Questions)What can you try if your printer is not printing?What is the first thing you should do if your CD/DVD drive wont open?What can you try if your keyboard is not typing?What should you do if you cant boot your computer?