Computer Control of Power Systems and Energy Management Systems
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Transcript of Computer Control of Power Systems and Energy Management Systems
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Computer Control of Power Systemsand Energy Management Systems
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Outline
• Introduction
•Conceptual Model of the EMS
• EMS Functions and SCADA Applications.
• Time decomposition of the power system operation.
• Open Distributed system in EMS
• OOPS
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EMS
- Enhance the scope of SCADA by providing the power application software to assist the operator in monitoring and control of the electrical network.
It consists of three important phases:
1. Gathering Information: Acquisition of real-time data and man machine information.
2. Decision Making.
3. Action by Transmitting Control Orders either
- Directly [Centralized Remote Control]
- Indirectly [Decentralized remote control or load
control].
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Conceptual Model of EMS
Fig 1. Typical EMS Architecture
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Real Time Modeling of the system
• Network Configuration Analysis
• Observability Analysis
• State Estimation and Data processing
• Network Application Functions
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EMS Application and SCADA Functions
1. Real-Time Functions
· Topological Analysis
· State Estimation
· Network Equivalent Calculation
· Security Analysis
· Generation Dispatch
· Voltage and Reactive Optimization
2. Extended Real-Time Functions
· Short term Load Forecast
· Operator Load Flow
· Short Circuit Calculation
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Online and Off line Tasks in an EMS
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The Functions in the EMS can be classified as
1. Primary Analysis (Perform decision making tasks)
Programs for Message Switching.
Control of Information Display Systems.
Recording of Status and events.
Information Processing for telecommand and control
2. Secondary Analysis(Operational planning tasks)
State Estimation
Optimal Power flow
Network Security Analysis
Load Prediction
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Time Decomposition Of Power System Operation
PRE - DISPATCH
DISPATCH
POST - DISPATCH
NETWORK TRAINING
SIMULATOR
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Application Functions in Pre-Dispatch, Dispatch and Post-Dispatch modes of an EMS.
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Hierarchical Control in EMS
• Load frequency Control.
• Economic Dispatch.
• Power Exchange with Interconnected utilities.
• Unit commitment.
• Maintenance Scheduling
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AUTOMATIC GENERATION
CONTROL
CONTINGENCY EVALUATION
RESERVE DETERMINATION
BASE DATA
LOAD FORECASTING
FUEL MANAGEMENT
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULING
LOAD FLOW
OPTIMAL
LOAD FLOW
TELEMETERED
INPUTS
AND
IMPROVEMENT
(STATE
ESTIMATION
ON-LINE
POWERFLOW)
ON-LINE OFF-LINE
On line and Off line Functions
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Application Programs in an Energy Control Centre
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E,I
NORMAL
E,I
ALERT
E, I
EMERGENCY
E, I
RESTORATIVE
E, I
INEXTERMIS
SECURE
IN-SECURE
SYSTEM INTACT SYSTEM NOT INTACT
Operating States of Power system
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No Operating State E: Equality Constraint
I: Inequality Constraint
1 Normal
2 Alert
3 Emergency
4 In-Extremis
5 Restorative
E
E
E
E
E
I
I
I
I
I
Description of the Operating states
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No Operating State From To
1 Preventive Alert Normal
2 Preventive Emergency Through
Alert
Normal
3 Corrective Emergency Normal
Different Types of Control Action
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Framework for computer aids for decision
making in control centers.
REAL TIME DATE
PREDICTIVE DATA
TOPOLOGICAL
ANALYSIS
STATE ESTIMATION
NETWORK EQUIVALENT
SECURITY ANALYSIS
GENERATION DISPATCH
VOLTAGE AND
REACTIVE OPTIMIZATION
LOAD FOREAST
GENERATION SCHEDULING
INTERACTIVE LOAD FLOW AND SECURITY ANALYSIS
SHORT CIRCUIT CALCULATION
REAL TIME CONTROL EXTENDED REAL TIME CONTROL
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Applications for Energy Management Systems and Energy trading Systems
INTER-FACE
ENERGY
TRADING SYSTEM (ETS)
ENERGY
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
(EMS)
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Block Diagram of an Integrated EMS
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Open Distributed Systems
Closed System vs. Open System
Closed system software
- Restricted to run on a proprietary platform.
- Data sharing with other computers extremely difficult.
Open System software
No longer relied on the single vendor to supply all the hardware and software for the EMS
- Select the each individual subsystem within the EMS from
different vendors
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Impact of Open Systems in EMS
- Purchase the hardware and software requirements for the
sufficient capacity only
- Incrementally upgrade the system as and when required.
- This helps in reducing the financial burden on the utilities
to change from the closed system to the open system.
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Object Oriented Programming
1. Encapsulation (Data Hiding)
2. Polymorphism (Over Loading)
3. Inheritance (Specialization)
Advantages:
1. Reusability
2. Expandability
3. Portability
Features of OOPS:
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