COMPUTER BASICS Vocab and Terminology. What do all of these terms have in common? DesktopServer...
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Transcript of COMPUTER BASICS Vocab and Terminology. What do all of these terms have in common? DesktopServer...
COMPUTER BASICS
Vocab and Terminology
What do all of these terms have in common?
Desktop Server
Workstation
Handheld
Laptop/Notebook
Supercomputer
Mainframe
TYPES OF TYPES OF
COMPUTERS!
COMPUTERS!
Desktop Microcomputer
A personal computer system for individual use, made to fit on the top of a desk.
Workstation
A powerful desktop computer with massive computing power that meets the needs of engineers, architects, and other professionals who require detailed graphic displays.
Laptop/Notebook
A flat-screen, battery-powered, portable computer that can rest on your lap.
Supercomputer
A sophisticated, expensive computer that executes complex calculations at the maximum speed permitted by state-of-the-art technology. These computers are mostly used by the government and for scientific research.
Mainframe
A large, powerful, computer system capable of accommodating hundreds of users doing different computing tasks.
Server
A computer especially designed to provide software and other resources to other computers over a network.
Handheld
A portable computer that is small enough to be tucked into a jacket pocket or to fit in your hand.
COMPUTER PERFORMANCE & PROCESSING
Boot Process
When starting or restarting the computer, it is the process of loading the operating system into the computer’s memory.
Input
Information entered into the computer for processing.
Binary Code
A number system with a base of 2. It uses only two values, zero and one.
Data
Unorganized, unprocessed information (raw material).
Information
Data that has been processed so as to make it useful for a specific purpose.
Output
Information given out by the computer-usually shown on monitor or a printer.
COMPUTER COMPONENTS & HARDWARE
System Unit
The main unit of a computer that contains the CPU, motherboard,and other
components necessary for processing information.
CPU
Central Processing UnitThe CPU controls the operations of a computer. It performs arithmetic and logical operations and decodes and
executes instructions.
Silicon Chip
A thin wafer of silicon containing electronic circuitry (transistor) that
performs various functions.
MHZ
MegahertzA unit of measurement for a computer’s
clock speed; millions of cycles per second.
RAM
Random Access MemoryA computer’s memory chip or chips containing the temporary or volatile
memory in which program instructions and data are stored while being used by a
computer. When a computer is off, all data in RAM is lost if not saved.
ROM
Read Only MemoryMemory that can be read, but not
changed. Read-only memory is non-volatile storage that contains essential
computer instructions and does not lose its contents even when the power is
turned off.
Bit
Binary DigitThe smallest unit of information a
computer can hold. A bit has a value of 0 or 1.