Computer Assisted Learning/Multimedia
description
Transcript of Computer Assisted Learning/Multimedia
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Computer Computer Assisted Assisted
Learning/MultimeLearning/Multimediadia
Jeff JamesEducational Development Unit,
PolyUX6290
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CALCAL
CMICMICALLCALL
CAICAI
CBICBI
CBTCBT
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CALCAL
emphasis on learning
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This This session:session:
Overview of computer assisted learning.
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more more specifically:specifically:
I. types of CAL software,II. hypermedia/multimedia
environments,III. authoring languages,IV. design considerations,V. a critical view of
CAL/multimedia.
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I. Types of CAL I. Types of CAL SoftwareSoftware
•drill and practice•games•simulations• tutorials• tools• (hypermedia)• (CMI software; e.g.. tests)
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categorizing is difficult:
imagine a “space travel game” in a“hyper environment” with atutorial component.
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• • drill and practicedrill and practice
Typically, drill and practiceactivities are supplementaryto the “normal” teaching process.
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• • drill and practicedrill and practice
Drill and practice is good forfundamental mastery.
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• • drill and practicedrill and practice
Can be thought of as a “flash card”system of the stimulus-responsemodel.
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• • drill and practicedrill and practice
Speed is important for both presentation and feedback.
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• randomness• record keeping
• • drill and practicedrill and practice
often incorporates:
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• • gamesgames
Often CAL software is presentedin game format.
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• • gamesgames
May include point scoring, andcan be individual or team format.
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• • gamesgames
Have the potential for a verymotivational environment.
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• • simulationssimulations
Can provide microworlds (e.g.,a world without friction orgravity).
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• • simulationssimulationsThe University of Illinois hassuccessfully provided computer-driven “dry” chemistry labs.
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simulations aresimulations are
•safe• inexpensive• fast•slow•clean•possible
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• • tutorialstutorials
Self-paced, where the computeracts as an infinitely-patient,all-wise tutor.
Is this guy slow, or what??
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Typically a good tutorial will have astructure(s) as follows:
give information test
giveinfo.. . .
remediate
OK
(needs help)
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give information test
giveinfo.
remediate
OK
(needs help)
..
.
can be verycomplex
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• • toolstools
Typically, application programswhich are being used by thestudent for learning.
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spreadsheet programs statistics packages hypermedia software desktop publishing
software presentation software CAD software etc.
• examples of tools
q
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II. Hypermedia II. Hypermedia &Multimedia &Multimedia EnvironmentsEnvironments
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hyper- pref. ‘over’, ‘above’, ‘too’...
eg. hypersensitive or hypertension
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Ted Nelson described himself asbeing hyperactive.
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hypermedia can be thought of as “chunks” of information (nodes),stored in a structure, and accessed by links (buttons).
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• • hypertexthypertext
Textual information, structuredby use of links and nodes.
Here is some exampletext which is going tobe shrunk down to asize which is barelyrecognisable; good toobecause then my poorspelling won’t berecognised. Now, Ihave run out of exampletext. Oh well; so what?
Here is some exampletext which is going tobe shrunk down to asize which is barelyrecognisable; good toobecause then my poorspelling won’t berecognised. Now, Ihave run out of exampletext. Oh well; so what?
Here is some exampletext which is going tobe shrunk down to asize which is barelyrecognisable; good toobecause then my poorspelling won’t berecognised. Now, Ihave run out of exampletext. Oh well; so what?
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• • hypermediahypermedia
Like hypertext, but includingsound, video, and/or animation.
Here is some exampletext which is going tobe shrunk down to asize which is barelyrecognisable; good toobecause then my poorspelling won’t berecognised. Now, Ihave run out of exampletext. Oh well; so what?
Here is some exampletext which is going tobe shrunk down to asize which is barelyrecognisable; good toobecause then my poorspelling won’t berecognised. Now, Ihave run out of exampletext. Oh well; so what?
Here is some exampletext which is going tobe shrunk down to asize which is barelyrecognisable; good toobecause then my poorspelling won’t berecognised. Now, Ihave run out of exampletext. Oh well; so what?
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• • multimediamultimedia
Involves more than one medium(>2 really, since most literaturecontains graphics and text).
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• • multimediamultimedia
Involves the use of sound,animation, and/or videoas well as text and graphics.
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Even Ted Nelson said he didn’tknow the difference betweenhypermedia and multimedia.
• • multimediamultimedia
11
11Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia Conference,June 1994, Vancouver. [Ted Nelson coined the term hypertext (“non-sequential writing”)].
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• • multimediamultimedia
Computer-controlled multimediaallows the seamless integrationof media.
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• • multimediamultimedia
Multimedia can provide asensory-rich learning environment.
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• • multimediamultimedia
Interactive multimedia is theincorporation of multimedia withhuman-computer interaction.
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• • multimediamultimedia
Interactive multimedia provides an obvious educational advantage over current broadcasting & publishing which is passive.
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play speed movie
take a quiz
more information
WWW
tutorial
SpeedInformation regarding the concept of speed can appear as text here. I know very little about it myself, so perhaps a multimedia tutorial about it would help me. To learn about it, selectoptions below, some perhaps more than once..
Choose one option below:
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play speed movie
take a quiz
more information
WWW
tutorial
SpeedInformation regarding the concept of speed can appear as text here. I know very little about it myself, so perhaps a multimedia tutorial about it would help me. To learn about it, selectoptions below, some perhaps more than once..
Choose one option below:
Metaphors abound.A computer screen ofinformation can be aslide, a page, a card,a node, whatever...
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There are many possible “HyperDesigns”.
Linear
..... .....
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There are many possible “HyperDesigns”.
Network
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Possible applications of less complexdesigns include electronic books, andinformation/ training kiosks.
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Hyperdesigns give the user opportunity for:
•more control, but• require careful planning and
analysis.
q
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III. Authoring III. Authoring LanguagesLanguages
Packages exist which allow the creation of CAL packages by non-computer programmers.
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Authoring packages exist for avariety of platforms.
For example:
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You can use HyperCard on aMacintosh to create stacks of cards.
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You can use ToolBook on a PCto create a book (of pages).
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You can run Authorware on Mac,PC, or UNIX environments (to createflow lines).
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• Icon Author (Windows, UNIX)•Macromedia Director (all)•TenCore•cT
Examples of other software include:
q
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IV. Design IV. Design ConsiderationsConsiderations
• the design team and•user interface design
Two important points in designingCAL software are:
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Typically, the design team cancirculate ideas on storyboards(hard copies of screen templates).
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dfggdfffgaaadfgg
dfffgaaadfggdfffgaaa
aaa
Storyboards circulate amongdesign team members.
dfggdfffgaaadfgg
dfffgaaadfggdfffgaaadfgg
dfffgaaa
contentexpert
graphicartist
cognitivescientist
programmer
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•allow the user control•use visual cues•be consistent•design, don’t decorate
Some quick tips for User Interface Design
q
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V. A Critical ViewV. A Critical View
1. CAL is an inferior teaching medium.
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a critical view:
2. Users can become disoriented and lost in hyper environments.
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a critical view:
3. Too much attention is paid to appearance (esp. graphics) and not enough to educational issues.
q
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SummarySummary
1. There are many types of CAL software other than sequential point-and-click text.
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Summary
2. hypermedia/multimedia environments offer great potential but require care in design.
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Summary
3. Many authoring languages are available, allowing everyone programming potential.
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Summary
4. Many important design issues need to be considered.
q