Computer Assisted Instruction(CIA) (Origin. types, hurdles and remedies)

Prepared byUsman Gani Al HaqueM.Ed Batch 2015-17Reg No: 15392025School of Education Pondicherry Universitye-mail: ganiamu@gmail.com

Computer Assisted Instruction(CAI)(Origin. types, hurdles and remedies)

What is CAI ?

CBT : Computer Based TrainingCAI : Computer Assisted InstructionCAL : Computer Assisted LearningCALL: Computer Assisted Language LearningWBI : Web Based InstructionWBT : Web Based TrainingCBE : Computer Based EducationCBI : Computer Based Instruction

Synonyms of CAI

CAI started in the 1950s and 1960s, mainly in the USA. Pioneers such as Suppes (Stanford University), Kemeny and Kurtz (BASIC, 1960s (Kemeny and Kurtz, 1968, 1985)) and Bitzer (PLATO, University of Illinois (Hart, 1981, 1995)) were among the first to use a computer as part of the learning process. The early CAI programs were rudimentary by today's standards, with mainly text-based interfaces. Bitzer was one of the first to realise the importance of graphics and sound in the teaching process. The provisions under the NPE-1986, POA-1992 given more emphasis on computer education.Origin of CAI

Informational instructionDrill and practice programmesTutorial type computer-assisted instructionEducational games typeSimulation type of instructionProblem solving type Practical work-oriented instructionLearning affairs management type

Types of CAI

It helps the learner get the desired information he need. Here the computer can serve the role of an enquiry officer, to respond to the students enquiry with answers it has stored. It provides minimal interaction between the student and the computer programme. The sole purpose of this type of CAI is to provide essential information for the acquirement of concepts and skills.

Informational instruction

Drill and practice programmes simply assist the students in remembering and utilizing information that the teacher has already presented, reinforcing previous learning through repetition. It is most important in improving knowledge level.Drill and practice programmes

In this type of CAI, the computers are engaged in actual teaching. Here they can play effectively the role of a tutor by maintaining a perfect interaction and dialogue with the individual students. The tutorial programmes are prepared not only to have instruction in topics such as Newtons laws of motion, sets and their operations, solar and lunar eclipses but also to provide sufficient practice, having proper track of the students difficulties and performance and move the students on the path of progress according to their own pace, abilities and requirements. If the student has been able to master a concept, the CAI programme provides the next step of instruction, but if he is not able to achieve mastery, the programme provides the remedial solutionTutorial Type Computer-assisted Instruction

In it, the learners are provided with a variety of well-designed computer games. These games should not be confused with academic type games. Their purpose is only to provide intellectual challenge, stimulation of curiosity and serve as a source of review or reward for some accomplishment for the learner.

Educational Games Type

Requires the students to use high level cognitive abilities in the process of considering the problem at hand, analyzing the problem situation and its various solutions, predicting respective outcomes, determining which specific plan to attempt and enacting the appropriate actions.Eg: SudokuProblem Solving Type

CAI programmes can provide valuable help in supplementing laboratory and other practical work. A student can learn so many things about the science experiments before actually performing them in his practical class by watching and following a computer programme made for this purpose. Similarly, he can avail the necessary skills and experiences about practical tasks in other fields before actually engaging in such practical activities. Thus the children will have a necessary preparation and background from computers for their better performances at the school hours.

Practical Work-oriented Instruction

In this type of instructional activities, the computer assisted programmes provide valuable help in managing and supervising the learning affairs of the students. They can have a proper check over the learning activities of individual students by identifying their academic weaknesses through extensive diagnostic testing and to prescribe educational programmes to meet their individual needs. Learning Affairs Management Type

Hurdles and RemediesHurdlesRemediesThe instruction of CAI in classrooms proves quite expensive and uneconomical in terms of educational returns.The Govt should take initiative, incentive can be given to students in the form of laptop, tablet, etc.E.g.: UP govt has provided laptop to all studentsComputer, as an electronic device, may invite significant hazards to children. There is a potential danger for the children either to damage the machine or be damaged by it.Instructors have to take care of it and make the learner smart in handling electronic devices. Parents, teachers have to take care of this.Much of the difficulty is felt on account of unavailability or usability of the educational software.Before buying a software ,one should be careful about the products quality, brand, popularity, user reviews.

Hurdles and Remedies HurdlesRemediesServing of the hardware also possess serial problem. If for one or the other reason the machine is failed, the expertise to operate it again or do repair work is not easily available. Thus the regular instructional work on self-study of the students may receive a major drawbackThe instructor has to make the learner skilful and give proper guidance of using hardware with all precautions. The learners are supposed to type from the keyboard or use light pens against the screen for putting of their responses. During long study hours this exercise may prove boring, mechanical and tiresome.There should be recreational activities in between. The software should be made in such a way that it may prove user friendly and recreational.Auto instruction or self study carried out in the form of CAI is basically a learner controlled instruction as it may lead to indiscipline, carelessness, unnecessary wasting on the part of the students.There should be some time limit in educational software and parents and teachers also have to take care about it.

No machine can match the human beings for effective interaction with the human beings. The emotional touch, sympathy and warmth as the heart link established in teacher pupil interaction are not possible in CAI.These limitations and drawbacks dont undermine the importance of computers as an aid to instruction. They are not to replace the teacher or the traditional teaching learning system but to render a valuable help to the teacher as well as learners in their pursuit of excellence with regard to their responsibilities toward teaching and learning.

Conclusion

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