Eric Vanderburg – Core Hardware © 2005

Computer Architecture:Core Hardware

Chapter 8I/O Devices

Eric Vanderburg

Eric Vanderburg – Core Hardware © 2005

Ports• Serial – 115/128kbps

• Parallel – 1.5Mbps

• USB– 1.1 – 12Mbps– 2.0 – 480Mbps

• Firewire– 1394a – 400Mbps– 1394b – 800Mbps, 1.2Gbps, 3.2Gbps

• IRDA - 9.6 - 115.2Kbps

• Gameport/MIDI

Eric Vanderburg – Core Hardware © 2005

Serial• Can be linked to a COM port which

assigns it IRQ & I/O address settings

• 9 pin and 25 pin male ports

• Only 9 pins

• RS (Reference Standard) – 232

• 25 pin cable can be used for null modems

Eric Vanderburg – Core Hardware © 2005

Parallel• 25 pin female connector

• Cables cannot be too long. 12-18 ft max even though no actual max is defined

• SPP (Standard Parallel Port)

• EPP (Enhanced Parallel Port)

• ECP (Enhanced Capabilities Port)

• IEEE 1284

• Can be daisy chained

Eric Vanderburg – Core Hardware © 2005

USB (Universal Serial Bus)• Hot swappable

• Daisy chain or use a hub

• Max 127 devices from one bus

• 2 wires power the device

• 2 wires for communication

Eric Vanderburg – Core Hardware © 2005

Firewire• IEEE 1394

• Hot swappable

• Daisy chainable

• 63 devices on one host controller

• Host controller is the only device that uses resources

• 4 pin cable does not provide power

• 6 pin does

Eric Vanderburg – Core Hardware © 2005

Expansion slots• ISA

• PCI

• PCI-X

• AGP

Eric Vanderburg – Core Hardware © 2005

PCI• PCI (Peripheral Component

Interconnect)

• 33-66MHz

• 32-bit data path

• Allocates available resources to devices. Resources can be shared

• Port determines resource

• Max 532Mbps

Eric Vanderburg – Core Hardware © 2005

PCI-X (PCI Express)• X16 used for graphics

• X8 used for graphics with SLI (Scalable Link Interface)

• X1 for other devices

• 64-bit data path

• Max 5Gbps in current implementation

Eric Vanderburg – Core Hardware © 2005

AGP• AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)• AGP 1x, 32-bit channel at 66 MHz,

maximum data rate 266 Mbps • AGP 2x, 32-bit channel at 66 MHz double

pumped to an effective 133 MHz, maximum data rate 533 Mbps

• AGP 4x, 32-bit channel at 66 MHz quad pumped to an effective 266 MHz, maximum data rate 1066 Mbps; 1.5 V signaling;

• AGP 8x, 32-bit channel at 66 MHz octuple to an effective 533 MHz, maximum data rate 2133 Mbps; 0.8 V signaling.

• Some are 64 bit as well

Eric Vanderburg – Core Hardware © 2005

ISA• ISA (Industry Standard Architecture)

• Each device requests resources

• Some configured using jumpers or Dip

• Can be PnP or not

Eric Vanderburg – Core Hardware © 2005

Keyboard • Older DIN connector (5 pin)

• “Newer” PS/2 connector (6 pin)– Can be used for mouse as well

• Can be USB

Eric Vanderburg – Core Hardware © 2005

Mouse• PS/2 or USB

• Trackball

• Touchpad

• Optical

• Wheel

• Buttons– L, R, Wheel, Hotkeys

• Wireless