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Transcript of Computer and Communication H H H H HH HH H Toshitake ...
1997.8.12
Toshitake Noguchi
AHSRA Task Force
Expectations for AHS by
Computer and CommunicationIndustries
1997 年 8 月 12 日 SAN DIEGO で開催された第 1 回 ITFVHA(北米における AHS に関す
るワークショップ)での発表論文です。
米国では、AHS(automated highway system)プロジェクトは 1991 年に制定された
ISTEA (Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act)に基づいて開始された. 1993
年秋から事前システム解析が 1 年間行われ、1994 年秋には全米 AHS コンソーシアム
(NAHSC)が結成された. NAHSC は, AHS に関するワークショップをいままでに 3 回開催し、
1997 年 8 月にはサンディエゴで AHS のデモを行った. 国内建設省では、AHS研究歴史
として 1989 年に基礎的な検討が開始をされました。その後、1995 年には世界で始めて自
動運転の公開実験が土木研究所で実施されました。翌年、上信越道路の実道で11台の車
具による自動運転の実験が行われました。これらの二つの実験成功によって、AHSのフ
ィジビリティが革新され、同年、1996 年 9 月 25 日に AHS 研究組合が設立されました。
組合の正式名称は、技術研究組合走行支援道路システム開発機構(略称:AHSRA:AHS 研
究組合)であり、国内での AHS は、走行支援道路システム(AHS):Advanced Cruise-Assist
Highway Systems です。研究組合には、エレクトロニクス社、自動車、重工業、通信など
従来の業種を超えた民間企業によって構成をされた。組合組織は、5部で構成される研究
所のもとに、17のリサーチチーム、ワーキンググループ、タスクフォースの研究チーム
が設定された。NEC は設立当初から主要組合員として参加しました。
SAN DIEGO DEM’97 終了後、8 月 11 日、12 日の 2 日間、第 1 回の ITFVHA が開催さ
れました(参加人員:101 名、内日本人 24 名、会場:Miramar College C100 教室)。そ
の中で取り上げられた「討議テーマ内容」の一つとして、Panel of Industrialists:
Technology/Performance Opportunities(VOLVO/Ulf Palmquist)がありました。この論
文は、その中で AHSRA のタスクフォースという立場で発表したものです。発表内容はまっ
たく NEC 単独独自のものでした。北米 FWHA の Dick Bishop から「論文のオリジナリテ
ィや内容について評価する」との個人的なコメントをもらったので、まずまずの内容であ
ったと思います。
1997.8.12
Toshitake Noguchi
AHSRA Task Force
Expectations for AHS by
Computer and CommunicationIndustries
CONTENTS1. How have C&C industries been participating?
(1) Development of technologies(2) Participants in AHSRA
2. How have auto and C&C manufacturers been collaborating?
3. What are tasks for C&C manufacturers?(1) Communication network systems(2) Control network systems(3) Road network systems
4. What businesses are there for C&C industries?(1) Relationship between ITS & NII(2) AHS business(3) Spin-off business
5. What are the roles of the private sector?
CONTENTS1. How have C&C industries been participating?
(1) Development of technologies(2) Participants in AHSRA
2. How have auto and C&C manufacturers been collaborating?
3. What are tasks for C&C manufacturers?(1) Communication network systems(2) Control network systems(3) Road network systems
4. What businesses are there for C&C industries?(1) Relationship between ITS & NII(2) AHS business(3) Spin-off business
5. What are the roles of the private sector?
Development of Technologiesfor ITS Evolution
NAVIABS
ETC
PRESENT
OnboardElectronics
Mechanical
InformationInfrastructure& RoadsideElectronics
I T S
VICS
PAST FUTURE
A T
TechnologicalDevelopment
○◎
InformationProcessing(Computers)
Vehicle Telecommunications
OnboardElectronics
RadioWired
Network
Technologies
Manufacturers
AutomobileElectronics
Manufacturers
Automobile Manufacturers
Mechanical
◎
Computer&
CommunicationManufacturers
○
○
◎◎ ◎
Industries’ Involvement in ITS Development
Participants from Industries in AHSRA
・Denso・Fujitsu・Hitachi・Hitachi Cable・Honda Motor・Ishikawajima-Harima・Isuzu Motors・Matsushita Electric・Mazda Motor・Mitsubishi Electric・Mitsubishi Heavy
・Mitsubishi Motors・NEC・Nissan Motor・N T T・Oki Electric・Omron・Sumitomo Electric・The Furukawa Electric・Toshiba・Toyota Motor
21 Core Members
120 Cooperative Members
Participants from Industries in AHSRA
・Automobiles Honda, Isuzu, Mazda,Mitsubishi, Nissan, Toyota
・Automobile Electronics Denso, Matsushita, Omron, SEI
・Telecommunications Furukawa, Oki
・Computers Fujitsu, Hitachi, Mitsubishi,NEC, Toshiba
・Others Hitachi Cable, IHI, MHI
・Telecom Operator NTT
Communications Communicate(Recognize)
Compute
(Create)
Computers
Multimedia
(ITS)
Computer
Device
Network
C&C
NEC Corporate Concept
CONTENTS1. How have C&C industries been participating?
(1) Development of technologies(2) Participants in AHSRA
2. How have auto and C&C manufacturers been collaborating?
3. What are tasks for C&C manufacturers?(1) Communication network systems(2) Control network systems(3) Road network systems
4. What businesses are there for C&C industries?(1) Relationship between ITS & NII(2) AHS business(3) Spin-off business
5. What are the roles of the private sector?
Development of AHS
Vehicle
CurrentState
Local Function Middle Level High Level
CruiseAssistance
AHS
[ ABS ] [Lane Maker Sensing] [ Obstacle Recognition ]
All throughthe Way
Local Area[ Fog,Tunnel]
Limited Place[Intersection]
[Sig
nal
,VM
S]
Rad
io S
igna
lLan
e M
arke
r[R
adio
Cel
l] INFRASTRUCTURECONTROLLED
Onboard Control
Rem
ote
Contr
ol &
Ass
ista
nce
Road
AUTONOMOUS
CONTENTS1. How have C&C industries been participating?
(1) Development of technologies(2) Participants in AHSRA
2. How have auto and C&C manufacturers been collaborating?
3. What are tasks for C&C manufacturers?(1) Communication network systems(2) Control network systems(3) Road network systems
4. What businesses are there for C&C industries?(1) Relationship between ITS & NII(2) AHS business(3) Spin-off business
5. What are the roles of the private sector?
Tasks on Development of Intelligent Roads
① Communication Networks
Roadside to Vehicle Network (DSRC) & Backbone Network (FIBER, ATM,・・)・Mobile Data Communication (High-speed/Normal)・Real-time Transmission・Security
② Vehicle Control
Composite Control Loop System・Real-time Algorithm
③ Traffic/Road Condition Sensing
Sensing and Monitoring System・All-weather Sensor Fusion・Tracking & Monitoring Algorithm
.
.
Configuration of Communication Infrastructure towards AHS Realization
Continuation of communication area
Utilization of existing systems
R-V R-V
V-VRーV
Two-wayMinimal Spot Zone
Communication
・Application・Service area
Two-wayWide Area ZoneCommunication
BACKBONE
ITS ATM Networkbased on SDH
Two-way Cellular orLeaky Co-ax Cable
Seamless Communication
・Cooperative operation・Shadowing counter-measure
・Redundant operation
3
RV (R-V,V-V)Communication
CenterProcessing
Driver
Control Configuration of AHS
CenterControl
RoadsideProcessing
RoadsideControl
OnboardProcessing
AutonomousControl
T
A
R
G
E
T
Vehicle Control(Brakes, Accelerator...)
Wide AreaLevel
Local AreaLevel
IndividualVehicleLevel
(Manual Loop)
(Short/Quick/Wide Loop)
(Middle Loop)
(Long/Slow/Narrow Loop)
[Vehicle]
[Info Gathering/Sensing/Comparison] [Information Processing]
Passengers
VariousInformation
[DSRC]
Server Gateway
Roadsidenetwork
Vehicle
Configuration of ITS Information and Communication Network
Backbone network
Radio basestation
Radio basestation
Radio basestation
SensorsSensorsSensors SensorsRadio basestation
Vehicle Vehicle Vehicle Vehicle
Roadside-to-vehicle communication
Vehicle-to-vehicle communication
Server Server
Roadsidenetwork
Roadsidenetwork
RoadsidenetworkServer Server
Required Cruise Control for AHS
Slow
Quick
RequiredCruise ControlCapability
MechanicallyGuidedRoad
AHSDesignated
Road
OrdinaryHighway
OrdinaryRoad
RAILWAY DMT
Road Type
HOV
Cente
r C
ontr
ol
Road
side
Contr
ol
ControlResponse Abilities
MechanicalInfrastructureControl
ControlSystem
RequiredCruise ControlCapability
CONTENTS1. How have C&C industries been participating?
(1) Development of technologies(2) Participants in AHSRA
2. How have auto and C&C manufacturers been collaborating?
3. What are tasks for C&C manufacturers?(1) Communication network systems(2) Control network systems(3) Road network systems
4. What businesses are there for C&C industries?(1) Relationship between ITS & NII(2) AHS business(3) Spin-off business
5. What are the roles of the private sector?
Backbone
Network
ITS
NII
Radio
Access
VOD
ATM-LAN
ETC
Driver assistance
AHS
Cooperative Driving
InternetFrame Relay
Multi-sensor
data fusion
Data
Moving Pictures
FTTH
ATM-WAN
FPLMTS
Mobile Satellite CommunicationPHS
Digital Cellular
1995 2000 2005 2010
FM Multiplex
MBS
VICS
1-Way Beacon
2-Way
Spot
Beacon
2-Way Seamless Beacon
ITS Relationship to NIIMultimediaNetwork
<FIBER>
<MOBILE>
Technologies for ITS Market
ITS Market
System Architecture, Telecommunications,
Seemless Cellular, Networking, Mobile Computing, Distributed Processing,
Parallel Processing, MM-DB, FM Multiplex, Image Sensing, Image Processing,
Security Technologies, Encryption Technologies, AI, HMI, OCN,
Internet, GEO/LEO, …
Current Multimedia Business
AutomobileTechnology
Road Technology
2000 2005
Communication Networks (2-way Systems)
Management Systems for AHS
Dedicated Networks for AHS
Sensing System<CAMERAS /RADAR>
Lane Markers/Radio Signal<SPECIAL PAINT STRIPES/MAGNETS>
Traffic Information Gathering Systems
Control Systems for AHS
Main BusinessTechnologies
Infrastructure Business for AHS
Market Size by AHS Development
Unit Total Mean
$500K/km
1% of Road Construction Cost
$700M/year
(5-year Period)
Infrastructure&
RoadsideElectronics
OnboardElectronics
$1.5K/Vehicle
10% of VehiclePrice
$20B
20% of 70M Vehicles
$2B/year
10% of TotalVehicles
$3.5B
7,000km Total Highway Length
2000 2005
Main Spin-off Technologies
Various informationservice
Markers forheavy snowfall roads
New traffic system forpublic transportation
Route guidance for ships
Guidance in airportsSafe guidance
in dense fog
Radio Signal
Many Other Services
CONTENTS1. How have C&C industries been participating?
(1) Development of technologies(2) Participants in AHSRA
2. How have auto and C&C manufacturers been collaborating?
3. What are tasks for C&C manufacturers?(1) Communication network systems(2) Control network systems(3) Road network systems
4. What businesses are there for C&C industries?(1) Relationship between ITS & NII(2) AHS business(3) Spin-off business
5. What are the roles of the private sector?
1. Institutional /LegislativeIssues
2. Standardization(ISO,ITU-R ,etc)
3. Technological Development
4. Investment /Deployment (Infrastructure)(Onboard)
Roles of Private Sector for Development of AHS
PublicSector
ConsortiumPrivateSector
Institutional Issues
・Liability
・Social Equality
・Standardization
・Environment
・Land Use
・Private/Public Sector Roles
・Others
(a) Simple Target Methods
AutomaticC - mode
#N
ManualMode
AutomaticC - mode
#N+1
(b) Composite Target Methods
AutomaticC - mode
#N
State #N
AutomaticC - mode
#N+1
State #N+1
Automatic Cruise Control Algorithms
Hyper-automatic C-mode
Control
Location
Manual Mode
Stablepoint
Stablepoint
Control
Stablepoint
TrajectoryTarget
AHS Control Algorithm Development
International Collaboration
・Standardization
ISO, ITU-R, …
・International Workshops
Methodology, Formulation, …
・Demonstration Tests
・Data Disclosure
・Facility Sharing
・Education
ITS ExtensionGlobal information exchange abilities accompanied by ITS development
Global network infrastructure
Extended global multi-media service capabilities
AHS services
AHS - i
AHS - c
AHS - a
Warning information
Partial control(emergencies)
Full automatic
Spin-off services
General services
Reservation services・ airports/ports, railways, hotelsGuidance services・ route guidance・ sightseeingVisual services・ TV conferencesData services・ mobile Internet
overall route guidanceutility-fee payment system
SAFETY RELAXATION COMFORT
Flexible Extention forNe
w Requirement
Benefits from AHS
・Reduction inTraffic Accidents
・Efficient Transport-ation of Goods
・Reduction inTraffic Congestion
・Information onRoad Conditions
・Reduction inDriving Load
・IntelligentNavigation Systems
Improving Qualityof Service
Providing Highly Intel-ligent Communication
Channels
Providing Usefuland UpdatedInformation
Protection from Hazardous Drivers
VehicleーtoーVehicleSpacing
Incident Warning
Lane Departure Warning
Collision Avoidance
Severe Weather Support
Automated Cruisingon Congested Roads
Contents of AHS
Automated Cruisingduring Severe Weather
Automated CruisingonHighways
AHS CONTENTS
AHS Services
1)Services for drivers
a)AHS Service
b)ETC Service
d)Emergency Service
c)Information Providing Service
e)Visual Service
f)Data Information Service
g)Telephone Service
h)Communication Service
i)Reservation Service
j)Guidance Service
Parking lot info、Utilities info
Doctor/Nurse center info、Accidents
Road conditions、News、PA/SA
Data info、GIS info
Mobile telephones
KARAOKE、VーV Com、Location info
Hotels、Tickets
Sightseeing
Services Provided by AHS Development (1/2)
2)Transportation Services
a)DMT
b)Traffic Information
a)Telephones
b)Visual
c)Data
3)Road Management Services
4)Pedestrian Support Services
5)Public Transportation Services
Vehicle location、Arrival time
Hotーline telephone、Hotーline PHS
TV conferences
Office automation
Services Provided by AHS Development (2/2)
Development of the two-way beacon system using 5.8GHz or millimeter wave
Point:Frame structure which can be applied to the various service
Development of the wide area two-way communication system by the useof Mobile Satellite communications
Point:Utilization of GPS andterrestrial cellular system
Development of the ITS ATM networkbased on SDH optical communications
Point:Arrangement of the ITS service with nine development fields
Development of the vehicle to vehicle communication system and the roadside to vehicle LAN
Point:Realization of the highly reliable automatic driving support system
by the mutual complementing vehicle to vehicle communications and
roadside to vehicle communications
・The right application by the right communication media
・Mutual complementing of a service area
Development of the two-way roadside tovehicle communication systems using
cellular or leaked cable method
Point:High-speed data communication,shadowing etc.
・Cooperative operation for the joining and departing control
・Shadowing counter-measure・Redundant operation for the danger warning system etc.
Configuration of Communication Infrastructure towards AHS realization
Roadside to vehicle communicationfor the line-shaped zone
Vehicle to vehicle communication
Roadside to vehicle communication for minimal spot zone
Roadside to vehicle communicationfor wide area zone
Continuation of communication area
Utilization of existence system
Backbone communication network based on optical fiber