Compute and Recode for SPSS Ver 20 ( DR SEE KIN HAI ) (PART 2)

A science teacher wanted to gauge the attitude of students towards science in rural areas of Brunei. He wanted to know whether there is a significant difference in their attitude towards science by level of education (i.e. Year 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11 or equivalent of Form 1,2,3,4 or 5), gender (male=1 or female=2) and ethnic group (Malay=1, Chinese=2, Kadazan / Dusun = 3, Murut=4, Others=5). For this purpose , he prepared a questionnaire that consisted of 2 parts: Part A: Respondents’ demographic background, Part B: Attitude towards science in school assessment questionnaire modified from Germann (1984).(Likert scale: SD=1, D=2, A=3, SA=4 reverse for negative items, Missing value = 999)

(The following sample showed the response from a student)

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You should enter into your computer as:Id Form Gender Race Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14

1 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 2 4 4 3 2 2 4 3 4 999

Similarly enter the data into your computer as follow and saved them in your data file disk.

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1. Setup your [Variable View] as follow:

2. Now you enter the data as below.

3Missing value

SD=1, D=2, A=3, SA=41=Malay, 2=Chinese, 3=Kadazan/Dusun4= Murut, 5=Others

3. Now, the items for the questionnaire, Q2, Q7, Q10 and Q14 are negative items so the Likert scale should be reversed. SD =4, D= 3, A=2 and SA = 1.

4. Now you [Recode] the negatively-worded questions into the [same variables]. If you want can be into [different variables].

5. Select [Transform] in the menu bar and click [Recode into Same Variables] to open the dialogue box.

6. Move [Q2, Q7, Q10 , Q14] into the [Variables] box then click [Old and New values] to open the sub-dialogue box.

7. Enter [1] in the [Old Value] box and [4] in the [New Value] box then [Add]. Repeat for 2 3, 3 2 and 4 1.

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7. Click on [Continue] then [OK]. Now you examine the [Data View] below the scores have been reversed.

COMPUTE DATA

Now to score students’ attitude towards science, you have to add up the scores for the 14 questions. There are 2 ways of doing this.

How to total the score for each student in this questionnaireMethod 1: (If you do not want to include the missing items, e.g. Q14)1. Select [Transform] then [Compute Variable..] to open the dialogue box.

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2. Type [Total] into [Target Variable] box. Move [Q1] then [+] and repeat until [Q14] then [OK].

3. Now click on [Data View], [Total] is created.

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Method 2: ( Use the [Function group] if you want to include the missing values, e.g. Q14)

1. Select [Transform] then [Compute Variable..] to open the dialogue box.

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Total is added to the [Variable View]

Total value missing because of 999. To avoid this use Method 2

2. Enter [Total] in the [Targer Variable] box. In the [Function group] box select [Statistical] and [Sum] in the [Functions and Special Variables] box.

3. Click on [ ] to bring this function into [Numeric Expression] box.

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4. Move [Q1] to [Numeric Expression] box. Repeat until [Q14] then [OK].

5. Now you examine the [Data View] below.

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The Total added for the missing values

How to obtain mean score for each student in this questionnaire

Method 1: (To exclude the missing values)1. Select [Transform] then [Compute Variable…] to open the dialogue box.2. Type [Mean] in [Target Variable] box. Select [( )] and move [Q1] to [Q14] into [Numeric Expression] box then [OK] as follow.

Method 2: (To include missing values in the calculation of the means)

1. Select [Transform] then [Compute Variable…] to open the dialogue box.2. Type [Mean] in the [Target Variable] then select[Statistical] and [Mean] in the [Function group]

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Missing values not included. If you want to find the mean use Method 2

3. Click [ ] and move to [Numeric Expression] box. Move [Q1] to [Q14] into the [Numeric Expression] box then [OK].

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The means are calculated for the missing values

How to count the the total number of SD, D, A, SA coded as 1,2,3,4 for each student

1. Select [Transform] then [Count Values within Cases…] to open the dialogue box.

2. Enter [No1] in the [Target Variable] box and [Frequency of score 1] in the [Target Label] box. Move [Q1] to [Q14] into [Numeric Variables] box then click on [Define Values] to open the sub-dialogue box.

3. Click [1] in the [Value] box then [Add] to move to [Values to count] then [Continue] then [OK].

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4. [Transform] then [Count Values within Cases..] type [No2] and [Frequency for score 2] and move [Q1] to [Q4] as below. [Define Values..] to open sub-dialogue box.

Type [2] in [Value] box then [Add]and [Continue], [OK].

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5. Repeat for [No3] for [Frequency of score 3] and [No4] for [Frequency of score 4].

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Go to [Variable view ] change decimal place =0,

COURSEWORK

The following data were obtained from the Attitude Towards Mathematics in Upper Secondary Questionnaire.

1. Recode the negatively-worded items, Q2, Q7, Q10, Q14 into the same Variables by reversing the Likert scales. (i.e. 4 1, 3 2, 2 3 and 1 4)

2. Compute the total scores of each student’s attitude from Q1 to Q14 (Use 2 methods) and also the total scores for all 30 students.

3. Compute the mean for each student (Use 2 methods) and the overall means.4. Count the number of SD=1, D=2, A=3, SA=4 for each student and the overall count for the 30

students.5. Determine if your instrument is reliable. (Find Cronbach’s alpha and split-half reliability

coefficients. See L15).

Id Year Gender Race Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14

1 1 1 1 1 3 4 1 2 4 1 3 2 3 4 3 4 12 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 4 3 1 3 23 4 2 2 3 4 3 1 3 2 3 1 3 3 2 2 2 34 2 2 4 3 4 3 4 1 1 3 2 2 2 1 3 1 45 3 999 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 1 2 4 2 36 3 1 3 3 1 3 4 2 3 2 4 2 2 3 3 3 27 4 2 4 1 2 4 2 1 2 1 3 1 3 4 3 4 18 4 2 4 4 3 2 3 1 3 3 2 2 4 3 4 4 29 5 1 5 2 4 1 1 2 1 2 999 4 3 2 3 4 310 5 1 5 3 1 2 2 3 2 3 1 3 2 1 2 2 311 1 1 1 1 3 4 1 2 4 1 3 2 999 4 3 4 212 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 4 3 1 3 213 999 2 2 3 4 3 1 3 2 3 1 3 3 2 2 2 314 2 2 4 3 4 3 4 1 1 3 2 2 2 1 3 1 415 3 999 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 1 2 4 2 316 3 1 3 3 1 3 4 2 3 2 4 2 2 3 3 3 217 4 2 4 1 2 4 2 1 2 1 3 1 3 4 3 4 118 4 2 4 4 3 2 3 1 3 3 2 2 4 3 4 4 219 5 1 5 2 4 1 1 2 1 2 1 4 3 2 3 4 99920 5 1 5 3 1 2 2 3 2 3 1 3 2 1 2 2 321 1 1 1 1 3 4 1 2 4 1 3 2 3 4 3 4 99922 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 4 3 1 3 223 999 2 2 3 4 3 1 3 2 3 1 3 3 2 2 2 324 2 2 4 3 4 3 4 1 1 3 2 2 2 1 3 1 425 3 999 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 1 2 4 2 326 3 1 3 3 1 3 4 2 3 2 4 2 2 3 3 3 227 4 2 4 1 2 4 2 1 2 1 3 1 3 4 3 4 128 4 2 4 4 3 2 3 1 3 3 2 2 4 3 4 4 229 5 1 5 2 4 1 1 2 1 2 1 4 3 2 3 4 99930 5 1 5 3 1 2 2 3 2 3 1 3 2 1 2 2 3

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