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Comprehensive user education to successfully navigate the Internet Part 4- Scholarly communication Course developed by University Library of Debrecen

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Topics covered Scientometrics: citaion index and impact factor Process of scholarly communication Open access publishing

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Elements: Research (data search, trial,etc.) Conferences, correspondence Writing a scholarly paper/article (manuscript, preprint Publisher evaluation, peer review Final version (postprint) Editing Publication of the article Dissemination Reading the article: citation, reviews New research results

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Benefit to users Independent of space and time Interact with other electronic resources Save users time (Ranganthansfourth Law) Provides value addition such as searcheability, supplements, formats unavailable in print formats Accelerated publication Can be read by multiple users simultaneously Can not be mutilated, stolen, lost vandalized etc etc. S ENDING COPIES Funding agencies A UTHORS L ECTORS E DITORS LEKTORORK PUBLISHERS A ENCIES LIBRARIES R EADERS PRODUCING CONTENT P REPARING AND DISSEMINATIING ELECTRONIC AND PRINTED VERSIONS S ENDING COPIES U SING RESEARCH RESULTS

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Benefit to users Independent of space and time Interact with other electronic resources Save users time (Ranganthansfourth Law) Provides value addition such as searcheability, supplements, formats unavailable in print formats Accelerated publication Can be read by multiple users simultaneously Can not be mutilated, stolen, lost vandalized etc etc. S ENDING COPIES Funding agencies A UTHORS L ECTORS E DITORS LEKTORORK PUBLISHERS A ENCIES LIBRARIES R EADERS P REPRINT (M ANUSCRIPT ) P OSTPRINT (P EER - REVIEWED VERSION ) P UBLISHER S V ERSION E- PUBLISHING, PRINTING COPIES

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pre-print: the version of the paper before peer review post-print: the version of the paper after peer-review, with revisions having been made and before publishing dissemination: action of spreading, diffusing research results Effective dissemination: Reach targeted audiences Inspire future research Provide opportunities for further re-use

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A process of measuring and analysing science, evaluating the quality of research outputs The quality of a scholarly work is meausred by its assessment and its integration into science. Goals: Identify sources that are reliable Informing selective funding allocations, Stimulating better research performance, Demonstrating effectiveness

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SUBJECTIVE Qualitative evaluation (peer review): research products submitted by institutions are evaluated by appointed panels of experts. OBJECTIVE Quantitative evaluation: mainly based of various ways of counting citations Impact factor - a measure reflecting the average number of citations to articles published in science and social science journals Immediacy index Number of publication Citation index h-index Eigen factor

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INSTITUTIONS For money - Tenders Institutional ranking Shanghai list (2003) Providing data INDIVIDUAL RESEARCHERS Personal prestige Career Financial resources

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Transparency, education and communication are key to ensuring that appropriate metrics are used to measure individual scientific achievement. Bibliometrics is a quantitative method that is used to measure different publishing and author citation patterns and which, in turn, is used to measure ("quantify") scholarly impact. As such, bibliometrics offers important advantages over other evaluation methods and can be used to generate quantitative indicators of collaboration and interdisciplinarity. As analytical tools improve, they can be used to develop indicators of quality and excellence.

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1.Impact Factor Journal Impact Factor is published in Journal Citation Report (JCR), a product of Thomson ISI (Institute for Scientific Information). The impact factor is a quantitative tool for evaluating journals. It is a measure of the frequency with which the "average article" in a journal has been cited in a given period of time.

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2. Immediacy index The Immediacy Index is the average number of times an article is cited in the year it is published. Published in the Journal Citation Report. The journal Immediacy Index indicates how quickly articles in a journal are cited. The aggregate Immediacy Index indicates how quickly articles in a subject category are cited.

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3. Eigenfactor The Eigenfactor score is intended to measure the importance of a journal to the scientific community, by considering the origin of the incoming citations, and is thought to reflect how frequently an average researcher would access content from that journal. However, the Eigenfactor score is influenced by the size of the journal, so that the score doubles when the journal doubles in size (measured as published articles per year). The Article Influence score measures the average influence of articles in the journal, and is therefore comparable to the ISI impact factor.

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Factors to consider: Length of the publication list Which journals did the researcher publish in? (IF) Citation index Hirsch-index

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Each ademic work is related to a previous research Citations are the links to connect research to other scholarly works A citation index is a kind of bibliographic database, allowing the user to easily establish which later documents cite which earlier documents. Scientific Information (ISI) introduced the first citation index for papers published in academic journals..

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Web of Science Cited Reference Search Scopus

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An index that quantifies both the actual scientific productivity and the apparent scientific impact of a scientist. An alternative to total citations which can be disproportionately affected by a few very highly cited papers. Calculating: a h-index of 20 means the researcher has 20 papers each of which has been cited 20+ times.

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Benefits o Covers a wider range of sources, (especially conferences, technical reports and eprints). o Easier to calculate some of the less proprietary data thus more innovation) o Free Disadvantages o May be considered a less authoritative than Web of Science o More difficult to search where there are multiple authors with the same family name & initials limited options to refine Sources: Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar Using Google Scholar

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Reasons : Demonstrating the research capacity of an institution Data provision for accreditation (institutional, departmental) Show excellence for grant applications Higher education rankings: The Times Higher Education http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world- university-rankings/2009/results Shanghai rangsor http://www.arwu.org/ Webometrics http://www.webometrics.info/

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Emereging problems in scholarly communication: copyright issues scholars should retain more control over the ownership of their own publications crisis of scholarly communication increasing subscription prices are affecting access and services technical problems: increasing digital gap

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22 C ONTENT A UTHOR Visibility Q UALITY ASSURANCES Visibility L ECTOR E DITOR P UBLISHER Individual subscriber Library users Subscription fee Q UALITY INFRORMATION

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23 Transactions OPEN ACCESS KIAD OPEN CHOICE OPTIONAL OPEN ARTICLE C ONTENT A UTHOR Visibility Q UALITY A SSURANCE Visibility L ECTOR E DITOR P UBLISHER Individual subscriber Library users Subscription fee R EADER Article processing fee Q UALITY INFORMATION

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Open Access stands for unrestricted access and unrestricted reuse Objectives: Ensuring access Increasing visbility Accelerating discovery

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Two primary ways of open access publishing: 1.Gold OA Authors publish in an open access journal that provides immediate OA to all of its articles on the publisher's website 2. Green OA Authors publish in any journal and then self-archive a version of the article for free public use in an institutional repository or a personal website.

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Archives of digital or digitized documents A repository established by a particular university or other research institution is known as an institutional repository. A repository established to collect and preserve material in a particular discipline or subject is called a disciplinary repository or subject repository. Tasks: collecting, providing access, archiving

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arXiv (1991) - physics, mathmetics, information sciences, 700 000 PubMedCentral - medical ~ 2.2 milli RePEc - economics ~ 1 milli SSOAR social sciences > 18 000 CogPrints - psychology, biology ~4 000

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The aim of ROAR is to promote the development of open access by providing timely information about the growth and status of repositories throughout the world.

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