COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT …tspcb.cgg.gov.in/publichearings/Sita Rama...
Transcript of COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT …tspcb.cgg.gov.in/publichearings/Sita Rama...
COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR SITA RAMA LIFT
IRRIGATION PROJECT, PHASE-I, TELANGANA
MAY 2018
WAPCOS LIMITED (A Government of India Undertaking)
76 C, Sector 18, Gurgaon - 122015, Haryana, INDIA
Tel. 0124 2397396, Fax. 0124 2397392
Email: [email protected]
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY REPORT
CONTENTS
Irrigation and CAD Department, Executive Summary for Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Project, Govt. of Telangana Phase-I, Telangana
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CONTENT
1. GENERAL 1
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1
3. STUDY AREA 2
4. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE STATUS 2
4.1 PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ASPECTS 3
4.1.1 Meteorology 3
4.1.2 Soils 3
4.1.3 Surface Water Quality 3
4.1.4 Ground Water Quality 4
4.1.5 Ambient Air Quality 4
4.1.6 Noise Environment 4
4.2 ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS 4
4.2.1 Forest Types in the Project Area 4
4.2.2 Fauna 5
4.2.3 Fisheries 5
5. PREDICTION OF IMPACTS 5
5.1 IMPACTS ON LAND ENVIRONMENT 5
5.2 IMPACTS ON WATER RESOURCES AND QUALITY 6
5.3 IMPACTS ON TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY 9
5.4 IMPACTS ON AQUATIC ECOLOGY 10
5.5 IMPACTS ON NOISE ENVIRONMENT 11
5.6 IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY 11
5.7 IMPACTS ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 12
5.8 INCREASED INCIDENCE OF WATER-RELATED DISEASES 13
5.9 IMPACTS DUE TO COMMAND AREA DEVELOPMENT 14
6. SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE STATUS 15
6.1 PROFILE OF PAVs 15
6.1.1 Demographic Profile 15
6.1.2 Caste Profile 16
6.1.3 Literacy Rate 16
6.1.4 Occupational Profile 16
7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 16
8. HEALTH DELIVERY SYSTEM 17
8.1 CONTROL OF MALARIA 17
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9. AGRICULTURE IMPROVEMENT PLAN 18
9.1 USE OF AGRO-CHEMICALS 18
9.2 CONTROL OF WEEDS ON AGRICULTURE LANDS 18
9.3 TRAINING AND EXTENSION COURSES FOR FARMERS 19
10. CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION 19
11. NOISE CONTROL MEASURES 20
12. RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION PLAN 21
12.1 MEASURES FOR REHABILITATION 21
13. LOCAL AREA DEVELOPMENT PLAN 23
14. COST FOR IMPLEMENTING MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR SOCIAL ASPECTS 24
15. SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 24
15.1 COST FOR IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 25
PLAN
15.2 COST FOR IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 26
PROGRAMME
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Irrigation and CAD Department, Executive Summary for Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Project, Govt. of Telangana Phase-I, Telangana
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY REPORT OF CEIA STUDY FOR SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT, PHASE-I
1. GENERAL
Telangana is situated on the Deccan Plateau, in the central stretch of the eastern seaboard
of the Indian Peninsula. It covers 114,800 square kilometres (44,300 sq mi). The region is
drained by two major rivers, with about 79% of the Godavari River catchment area and
about 69% of the Krishna River catchment lies within state. Most of the land of the state is
arid. Telangana is also drained by several minor rivers including Bhima, Manjira and Musi
between the two rivers Godavari and Krishna.
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Scheme is being formulated to irrigate Khammam, Bhadradri
Kothagudem and Mahabubabad Districts. The project covers total command area of
2,72,921 ha (New ayacut of about 1,33,085 ha and Stabilization of about 1,39,836 ha) in
the first Phase. A part from irrigation, the scheme also provides drinking water and
industrial supply to Bhadradri-Kothagudem and Khammam districts.
The proposed Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Project envisages the construction of following.
Construction of Head Regulator at Dummugudem Anicut on River Godavari
Construction of Lined Canal of about 372 Km.
Construction of Four Pump Houses
Delivery Cisterns
Laying of Pumping Main of about 9 Km.
Cross Drainage works across Main Canal.
Road Bridges wherever required.
Cross Regulators and Offtakes etc.
Construction of Tunnels
The salient features are given in Table-1.
Table-1: Salient Features of Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Project
S. No. Particulars Details
1 Project Name Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Project (Phase – I), Telangana
2 Districts Benefitted Khammam, Bhadradri Kothagudem & Mahabubabad
3 State Telangana
4 Location
Latitude 16° 45’ N - 18° 37’ N
Longitude 79° 49’ E - 81° 48’ E
5 River Godavari River
6 Average Rainfall of the Project Area 1045 mm
7 Dummugudem Anicut
a) River Godavari
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S. No. Particulars Details
b) Village Dummugudem
c) Tehsil/Block Dummugudem
d) District Bhadradri- Kothagudem
e) Location 17° 52′ 26″ N, 80° 53′ 6″ E.
f) Hydrology
i) Catchment Area 281000 Sq. Km.
ii) Water Availability at Anicut
50% Dependability 30014 MCM
75% Dependability 7130 MCM
8 Length of the Conveyor System
i) Gravity Open Channel (Km) 327.0
ii) Tunnel (Km) 3.85
iii) Pumping Main (Km) 8.56
Total (Km) 339.41
9 Command Area
Districts Khammam, Bhadradri Kothagudem & Mahabubabad
a) New Ayacut 3,28,853 Ac./ 1,33,085 Ha
b) Stabilization 3,45,534 Ac./ 1,39,836 Ha
Total 6,74,387 Ac./2,72 ,921 Ha
10 Land Acquisition
i) Private Land 3743 Ha
ii) Government Land 1735 Ha
iii) Forest Land 1924 Ha
11 Maximum Discharge of feeder 255 Cumecs
12 Power Requirement 715 MW
13 Annual Energy Requirements 1235.31 MU
14 Annual Energy Cost Rs. 617.65 Crores
15 Project Cost Rs. 13384.80 Crores
16 Benefit-Cost Ratio 1.60
17 Financial IRR (%) 18.47 %
3. STUDY AREA
The study area covered as a part of the EIA study is described as below:
Area to be acquired for variou project appurtenances
Area within 10 km of various project appurtenances including i.e. canal network, etc.
Gross Command Area
4. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE STATUS
The baseline status for the above referred categories has been described in the following
sections.
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4.1 PHYSCIO-CHEMICAL ASPECTS
4.1.1 Meteorology
The Godavari Basin receives annually a rainfall of about 1062 mm on the average. The
normal rainfall over the basin has a minimum of the order of 500 mm over parts of Nasik
and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra, the area being far away from Bay of Bengal and
the Western Ghats posing a barrier for moisture inflow from the Arabian Sea. Westward of
Nasik, the annual normal rainfall increases progressively and is about 1600 mm over
extreme western parts of the basin.
4.1.2 Soils
The pH in various soil samples ranged from 5.91 to 8.78. Concentration of Sodium levels
in soil samples ranged from 209.66 to 341.71 mg/kg in monsoon season, 218.43 to
1982.74 mg/kg in winter season and 873.77 to 7210.3 mg/kg in summer season.
Concentration of Phosphates levels in soil samples ranged from 0.04 to 94.33 mg/kg in
monsoon season, 0.22 to 102.91 mg/kg in winter season and 0.88 to 1578.78 mg/kg in
summer season. Concentration of Potassium levels in soil samples ranged from 128.35 to
4113.2 mg/kg in monsoon season, 169.28 to 6494.43 mg/kg in winter season and 267.58
to 7510.20 mg/kg in summer season. Texture of soil is majorly sandy clay loam.
4.1.3 Surface Water Quality
The pH level in various seasons ranged from 5.6 to 8.25 indicating neutral nature of water.
The TDS level ranged from 82 to 140 mg/l , 20 to 176 mg/l and 50 to 248 mg/l in monsoon,
winter and summer seasons respectively. The EC levels were well below the permissible
limit of 2250 µS/cm specified for irrigation water requirements as per IS:2296. The
concentration of chlorides in various seasons ranged from 5.74 to 63.3 mg/l. The chlorides
level in surface water samples was well below the permissible limit of 200 mg/l
The sulphates level in various seasons ranged from 1.03 to 36.21 mg/l. The hardness
level in monsoon, winter and summer seasons ranged from 30 to 200 mg/l, 4 to 136 mg/l
and 44 to 92 mg/l respectively. The river water is soft in nature, which is reflected by low
calcium and magnesium level. The alkalinity level was lower than the hardness level. The
hardness level is well below the permissible limit of 200 mg/l.
The fluoride level was marginally lower than the permissible limit of 1.0 mg/l specified for
meeting drinking requirements. The BOD values are well within the permissible limits,
which indicates the absence of organic pollution loading. The low COD values also
indicate the absence of chemical pollution loading in the area.
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4.1.4 Ground Water Quality
The pH level ranged from 7.4 to 8.25, 7.15 to 8.42 and 5.98 to 8.12 in monsoon, winter
and summer seasons covered as a part of the study. The chlorides level ranged from
22.46 to 479.85 mg/l in monsoon season, 15.82 to 606.82 mg/l in winter season and 15 to
679.58 mg/l in summer season. The sulphates level ranged from 7.72 to 279.88 mg/l, 9.86
to 340.82 mg/l and 15.26 to 399.41 mg/l in monsoon, winter and summer seasons
respectively. The TDS level ranged from 106 to 1186 mg/l, 186 to 1486 mg/l and 220 to
1762 mg/l in monsoon, winter and summer seasons respectively. The hardness level
ranged from 68 to 972 mg/l, 88 to 1010 mg/l and 124 to 1060 mg/l in monsoon, winter and
summer season’s respectively. The BOD values are well within the permissible limits,
which indicates the absence of organic pollution loading. The Total Coliform level was well
within the permissible limits. The oil & grease level were below detectable limits in all the
samples, which is expected in ground water surface.
4.1.5 Ambient Air Quality
As a part of the field studies, various ambient air quality locations were monitored. Based
on the findings of the ambient air quality survey, conducted for various seasons, it can be
concluded that the ambient air quality is quite good in the area.
4.1.6 Noise Environment
The day time equivalent noise level at various sampling stations were observed to be well
within permissible limits specified for residential area.
4.2 ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS
4.2.1 Forest types in the Project Area
Telangana is reported to have 18.80% of the geographic area under forest which includes
very dense, moderately dense, open forest and scrub (FSI, 2015). As per the classification
of Champion and Seth (1968), major forest types observed in Telangana, are Tropical
moist deciduous forests, Southern dry deciduous forests, Northern mixed dry deciduous
forests, Dry savannah forests and Tropical dry evergreen scrub
Floristics
During the field studies in various seasons, a total of 274 plant species belonging to 231
genera and 75 families were recorded from the study area. The details of number of floral
species recorded from the study site in various seasons are given in Table-2.
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Table-2: Different life forms of the plant species recorded in various seasons
S. No. Life forms No. of species % of species
1 Trees 86 31.39
2 Shrubs 50 18.25
3 Herbs 80 29.20
4 Climbers 27 9.85
5 Grasses 18 6.57
6 Sedges 8 2.92
7 Parasites 2 0.73
8 Bamboos 2 0.73
9 Epiphyte 1 0.36
Total 274 100
4.2.2 Fauna
During the primary survey, a total of 28 species of mammals belonging to 16 families were
reported to inhabit the surrounding areas of the project. An inventory of a total of 77
species of birds was prepared during the primary survey from the surroundings of study
area all species belonged to 42 families. A total of 29 species of herpetofauna as listed
were reported from the Study Area. Out of 29 species, a total 18 species belonged to
reptilian fauna and remaining 11 species to amphibian fauna
4.2.3 Fisheries
The data was not available from study sites in particular, therefore, data was gathered from
nearby areas, which are anticipated to inhabit present study areas. ). Based on literature
review and field studies are 56 fish species were reported for the study area. These
species belong to 20 families Cyprinidae is largest family accounted for about 37% of the
total species. Catla catla¸ Labeo calbasu, Labeo rohita, Sperata aor, Channa striata,
Macrognathus, Pangasius hypothalamus etc are most common species in this region.
5. PREDICTION OF IMPACTS
The impacts on various aspects of environment are briefly described in the following
sections.
5.1 IMPACTS ON LAND ENVIRONMENT
a) Construction Phase
Environmental degradation due to immigration of labour population
The peak labour and technical staff congregation would be of the order of 2,000 and 500
respectively. The population of construction labour, technical and other work force for
construction and related activities and service providers including their families is expected
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to be 10,000. The congregation of labour force is likely to create problems of sewage
disposal, solid waste management and felling of trees for meeting fuel requirements, etc.
Operation of construction equipment
During construction phase, various types of equipment will be brought to the site. These
include batching plant, earth movers, etc. The siting of this construction equipment would
require significant amount of space. In addition, land will be required for storage of various
construction materials as well. However, land for this purpose will be temporarily acquired,
i.e. for the duration of project construction phase i.e. 3 years.
Efforts shall be made that such facilities are located on government or panchayat land
only, so that hardships caused as a result of land acquisition, though temporarily on this
account are minimized to the extent possible.
Impacts due to Quarrying
The soil, stones and sand required for the construction of project and canals are
often mined and quarried from around the actual site. Such extraction can also have
adverse environmental impacts, especially by aggravating dust pollution, disturbing wildlife
and destroying vegetation. These impacts that can be prevented by ensuring that such
mining or quarrying are done in environmentally friendly manner and not close enough to
the dam to have a direct impact on it.
b) Operation Phase
Acquisition of land
The tentative total land required for various project components is of about 7401.67 ha.
About 1735.05 ha of revenue/government land and 3743.34 ha of private land is to be
acquired. In addition, about 1923.29 ha of forest land is to be acquired.
5.2 IMPACTS ON WATER RESOURCES AND QUALITY
a) Construction Phase
Impacts due to sewage generation from labour camps
About 2,000 workers and 500 technical staff are likely to migrate during project
construction phase. The employment opportunities in the area are limited. Thus, during the
project construction phase, many of the locals may get employment. It has been observed
during construction phase of many of the projects, the major works are contracted out, and
who bring their own skilled labour. However, it is only in the unskilled category, that locals
get employment. The increase in the population is expected to be of the order of 10,000.
The total domestic water requirement of the labour population (including families) is
expected to be of the order of 0.70 mld @70 lpcd. It is assumed that about 80% of the
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water supplied will be generated as sewage. Thus, the total quantum of sewage generated
is expected to be of the order of 0.56 mld. The total BOD load contributed by various
labour camps/colonies will be about 450 kg/day. The sewage is likely to be generated from
3 to 4 labour camps. The disposal of sewage without treatment could lead to adverse
impacts on land environment or water environment on which the effluent from the labour
camps/colonies are likely to be disposed. In the present project, it is recommended that
the sewage generated from various labour camps be treated prior to its disposal.
Impacts due to runoff from construction sites
Substantial quantities of water would be used in the construction activities. With regards to
water quality, waste water from construction activities would mostly contain suspended
impurities. Adequate care should be taken so that excess suspended solids in the
wastewater are removed before these are disposed into water body or over land.
Effluent from crushers
The effluent from the crusher would contain high suspended solids, i.e. 3,000 to 4,000
mg/l. The effluent from crusher, if disposed without settling in settling tanks can lead to
increase in the turbidity levels in the receiving water bodies.
Effluent from Batching Plants
During construction phase, batching plants will be commissioned for production of
concrete. Effluent containing high suspended solids shall be generated during operation
and cleaning of batching plants. It is proposed to treat effluent before disposal to
ameliorate the adverse impacts likely to accrue on this account.
Effluent from Fabrication Units and Workshops
The fabrication units and workshops which shall be functional during construction phase
will generate effluents with high suspended solids and oil and grease level. It is proposed
to treat the effluent from fabrication units and workshops in a oil and grease separator unit
prior to disposal.
Sediment load causing pollution of water bodies
The excavation works for construction; drilling and blasting; quarrying activities;
construction of services and facilities is likely to generate unwanted demolishing wastes
during construction phase. Improper and unsustainable disposal and mishandling of such
loads may sediment and causing pollution to water bodies.
Pollution of land and water bodies in the project area
The generated spoils, trashes, construction related wastes, oil, paints and other chemicals
at different locations of the project area likely to pollute land and water bodies of the area
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during construction phase. The likely impact will be medium, site specific and medium
term.
Solid waste pollution and contamination of water bodies, sources of drinking water in and outside the project area The generation of different wastes generated from labour and office camps, shops, hotels
and lodges in the project area shall be another source of pollution in the area. It is
proposed to mitigate the same through implementation of specific solid waste
management measures.
b) Operation Phase
Impacts on downstream users
The total water requirement for irrigation of command of the proposed project is 65.55
TMC (1856 MCM). The water transfer is being done as per the state’s share and
downstream water requirements have been considered.
Impacts on waterlogging and soil salinity
The total water requirement during Kharif and Rabi seasons is 242.7 MCM over a total
water requirement is 1856 Mm3. The recharge of water loss on account of irrigation
system efficiency is estimated as 41% of utilization after accounting the 59% as overall
efficiency is considered. In crop water requirement, the percolation loss is assumed for
paddy only. Adopting 41% as ground water recharge, the depth of water being recharged
is 182 mm. The quantum of recharge is quite low to cause any water logging problem.
However, it could lead to increase in waterlogging conditions in pockets where
groundwater level is high and natural drainage is poor on account of low to moderate
slopes.
Changes in water quality due to increased use of fertilizers
With the introduction of irrigation, use of fertilizers is likely to increase, to maintain the
increased levels of production. The drainage system (natural or man-made) is likely to
contain much higher level of nutrients. The climatic conditions in the project area too is
suitable for the proliferation of eutrophication in the project area. Thus, in the project
operation phase, there will be increased probability of eutrophication in the water bodies
receiving agricultural runoff.
As a part of Environmental Management Plan, appropriate control measures have been
recommended.
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Impacts due to effluent from project colony
It is proposed to provide biological treatment facilities including secondary treatment units
for sewage so generated from these settlements. The BOD load after treatment will reduce
to 2 to 3 kg/day. Thus, with commissioning of facilities for sewage treatment, even the
marginal impacts on water quality of receiving water body are not anticipated.
5.3 IMPACTS ON TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY
a) Construction Phase
Flora
As mentioned earlier, labour population is likely to congregate near various construction
sites. It can be assumed that the technical staff likely to congregate will be of higher
economic status and will live in a more urbanized habitat, and will not use wood as fuel.
However, workers and other population groups residing in the area may use fuel wood (if
no alternate fuel is provided) for whom firewood/coal depot could be provided.
Fauna
The project command has very little area under dense vegetation and the land use pattern
is mainly agriculture land interspersed with settlements. As a result of absence of forest or
vegetal cover in the command area and increased level of human interferences in the
area, wildlife is generally absent in the area.
b) Operation Phase
Impacts on vegetal cover
The total forest area to be acquired is 1923.29 ha. The tree density recorded at various
sites from 240-350 per ha. The number of tree species observed at various sites ranged
from 11 to 18. The dominant tree species in project area are Tamarindus indica,
Azadirachta indica, Mangifera indica, Ficus bengalensis, etc. No Rare, Endangered or
Threatened floral species is reported from the area.
Impacts due to Irrigation
With the increase in irrigation intensity, vegetal cover is expected to improve significantly.
As a part of the project, it is proposed to develop plantation along the entire canal network.
This will compensate the loss of trees to some extent on account of acquisition of forest.
The introduction of irrigation in the area will increase the agriculture production of the area,
leading to the increased availability of fodder as a result of increased agricultural by
products and residues. The increased level of fodder availability would reduce the
presence on existing pasture and vegetal cover, which is a significant positive impact.
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Impacts on Wildlife
The area to be brought under irrigation within the command area is devoid of forests. The
project area is interspersed with settlements and agricultural land. In such settings large
scale faunal population is not observed. Thus, no significant impact on wildlife is
anticipated due to the project.
Impacts on Protected Areas
No wildlife Sanctuary or National Park is reported in the Study Area. Thus, protected areas
are likely to be affected due to the project.
Impacts due to Agriculture Activity
The increase in vegetal cover during project operation phase would improve the organic
content of the soils. As a result, microbial activity would improve, leading to increase in the
type and number of micro-organisms observed in the soils of the command area. This in
the long run is expected to improve the soil fertility.
Impacts on breeding ground of species
The proposed project is not likely to affect any area which is known as designated as
breeding ground for faunal species. Thus, no adverse impacts are anticipated on this
account.
Impacts on Rare, Endangered and Endemic species
The species reported in the project area are not listed in Schedule-I Category as per the
Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972). Thus, no impacts are anticipated on this account.
Impacts due to excavation of construction material from river bed
5.4 IMPACTS ON AQUATIC ECOLOGY
a) Construction phase
Impacts due to excavation of construction material from river bed
It is proposed to extract construction material from borrow areas in the river bed. The
extraction of construction material may affects the river water quality due to increase in the
turbidity levels. This is mainly because of the fact that dredged material gets released
during one or all the operations mentioned below:
Excavation of material from the river bed.
Loss of material during transport to the surface.
Overflow from the dredger while loading
Loss of material from the dredger during transportation.
If adequate precautions during dredging operations are not undertaken, then significant
adverse impacts on aquatic ecology are anticipated.
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Impacts due to discharge of sewage from labour camp/colony
The proposed project envisages construction of temporary and permanent residential
colonies to accommodate labour and staff engaged in the project. This would result in
emergence of domestic waste water which is usually discharged into the river. However, it
is proposed to commission appropriate units for treatment of domestic sewage before its
disposal in to the river.
Impacts on Tank & Pond Fisheries in Command Area
The proposed project would increase the water availability in the command area. As a
result, there will be increase in potential for tank and pond fisheries. Currently, within the
command area, tank and pond fisheries is in vogue. With the increased availability of
water the tank and fisheries potential would improve. The average fish production from
these tanks is about 0.5 tonnes/ha/yr. However, in the irrigation tanks and in intensively
cultured ponds, average fish yield is of the order of 1 to 2 tonnes/ha/yr. Thus, with
introduction of extensive pisci-culture, fish production is expected to increase significantly,
with a corresponding positive impacts on income levels.
5.5 IMPACTS ON NOISE ENVIRONMENT
a) Construction Phase
Noise due to construction equipment
In water resource projects, the impacts on ambient noise levels are expected only during
the project construction phase, due to earth moving machinery, increased vehicular
movement, etc. will have some adverse impacts.
b) Operation Phase
In a water resources project, noise pollution occurs mainly during project construction
phase. During project operation phase, no major impacts are envisaged.
5.6 IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY
a) Construction Phase
Pollution due to fuel combustion in various equipment
The operation of various construction equipment requires combustion of fuel. Normally,
diesel is used in such equipment. The major pollutant which gets emitted as a result of
diesel combustion is SO2. The SPM emissions are minimal due to low ash content in
diesel. The short-term increase in SO2, even assuming that all the equipment are
operating at a common point, is quite low, i.e. of the order of less than 1g/m3. Hence, no
major impacts are anticipated on this account.
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Fugitive Emissions from various sources
During construction phase, there will be increased vehicular movement. Lot of construction
material like sand, fine aggregate is stored at various sites, during the project construction
phase. Normally, due to blowing of winds, especially when the environment is dry, some of
the stored material can get entrained in the atmosphere. However, such impacts are
visible only in and around the storage sites. The impacts on this account are generally,
insignificant in nature.
Impacts due to vehicular movement
No major impacts on ambient air quality is anticipated due to increase in a vehicular
movement during construction phase.
b) Operation Phase
In a water resources project, air pollution occurs mainly during project construction phase.
During operation phase, no major impacts are envisaged.
5.7 IMPACTS ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
a) Construction Phase
The project will open a large number of jobs to the local population. Job opportunities will
drastically improve in this area.
The availability of infrastructure is generally a problem during the initial construction
phase. Though the construction workers can be subsidized for certain facilities like health,
education, etc. The facilities of desired quality are often not made available in the initial
stages. The adequacy of water supply, sewage treatment, housing, etc. should therefore,
be ensured before commencement of work and adequate infrastructure is developed at
the very start of the project.
Impacts due to acquisition of land
The proposed project envisages acquisition of about 7401.67 ha of land. About 1735.05
ha of revenue/government land and 3743.34 ha of private land is to be acquired. In
addition, about 1923.29 ha of forest land is to be acquired. About 2472 families are likely
to lose land. No family is likely to lose homestead on this account.
Impacts due to increased water availability
The proposed project would lead to improve water supply in the command area, with
corresponding increase in water supply for various uses, namely, irrigation, domestic,
industrial, pisciculture, etc. The improvement in water supply will provide impetus to
urbanization and industrialization.
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5.8 INCREASED INCIDENCE OF WATER-RELATED DISEASES
a) Construction Phase
The construction phase of a water resources project, could lead to increased incidence of
various water-borne and vector-borne diseases, if adequate precautions or control
measures are not undertaken.
The scarcity of water in the houses and the absence of sanitary facilities in labour camps
could be responsible for increased prevalence of gastero-enteritis and other water-borne
diseases.
b) Operation Phase
Health risks include diseases hazards due to lack of sanitation, (lack of potable water,
inadequate human waste disposal facilities) and hazards due to local carriers. Mitigation
measures include provision of adequate sanitary health care and human waste disposal
facilities near the construction sites and labour camp.
With the increased water availability, quality of water being supplied is expected to
improve, leading to reduction in incidence of water-borne diseases. However, adequate
measures in the form of strict public health measures are required.
Impacts on Public Health
Health risks include diseases hazards due to lack of sanitation, (lack of potable water,
inadequate human waste disposal facilities) and hazards due to local carriers. Mitigation
measures include provision of adequate sanitary health care and human waste disposal
facilities near the construction sites and labour camp. Improvement in availability of water
for various uses, significantly improves public health in the project area.
Impacts on vector-borne diseases
A water resources development also has negative impacts, since; it could increase the
habitat of certain vectors like mosquitoes. Thus, poorly planned and managed water
resources projects could increase the prevalence of vector-borne diseases like malaria,
filariasis or dengue.
Impacts on water–borne diseases
The improvement in water supply for meeting domestic water requirements will go a long
way in reducing the incidence of water-borne diseases. With the increased water
availability, quality of water being supplied is expected to improve, leading to reduction in
incidence of water borne diseases. However, adequate measures in the form of strict
public health measures are required.
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Impacts on water washed diseases
The water washed diseases occur mainly due to scarcity of water and with the
improvement of water availability, the incidence of these diseases is reduces in a water
resources project. This impact is envisaged in the proposed project as well.
5.9 IMPACTS DUE TO COMMAND AREA DEVELOPMENT
Changes in Cropping Pattern
Existing Cropping Pattern
An Important crops grown in Khammam, Bhadradri Kothagudem & Mahabubabad Districts
of Telangana are Paddy, Jowar, Bajra, Maize, Redgram, Greengram, Blackgram,
Horsegram, Bengalgram, Cowpea, Groundnut, Sesamum, Castor, Sunflower, Chillies,
Cotton, Sugarcane and Tobacco. Average area covered by different crops in Kharif and
Rabi seasons is 4,00,000 hectares and 1,00,000 hectares respectively. But during 2013-
2014, actual area covered by different crops was 3,88,152 hectares in Kharif and 1,03,942
hectares in Rabi season.
Proposed Cropping Pattern
At present, rice occupies about 34% cropped area in Kharif season and another 8.6% area
in Rabi season. During Kharif season, rice is mainly grown as rainfed crop and it does not
make use of irrigation water. But in Rabi season rice is grown as irrigated crop. Rice
having higher water requirement than other crops utilizes sizable amount of irrigation
water which can other wise be used to grow other crops like pulses oil seeds and cash
crops including vegetables, fruits and spices in much larger area. Thus, if rice crop is
replaced by more remunerative crops in Rabi season like vegetables, fruits, pulses and
oilseeds, it can bring a better price and improve the income levels of the farmers in the
project area. It is therefore suggested that rice cultivation may be restricted to Kharif
season and replaced by other crops in Rabi season with lesser water requirements.
Improvement in agriculture production
With the introduction of irrigation, not only the irrigation intensity will improve, but also the
cropping intensity will improve. The introduction of irrigation will also lead to improvement
in agriculture productivity as well. Thus, agricultural production shall increase by almost
2.5 times, which is a significant positive impact. This will result in improvement in income
level and quality of life as well. The increase in crop production would also increase the
income level, which is a significant positive impact.
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Improvement in livestock
The improvement in the socio-economic status of the population in the command area will
indirectly improve the quality of livestock. The main reasons could be improvement in the
supply and availability of the veterinary services along with the betterment in the
infrastructure facilities in the area.
Employment generation
The increase in irrigation intensity in the command area would improve the employment
scenario to a large extent. The introduction of irrigation requires a greater amount of
labour in fields. This would improve the employment scenario not only for the local
farmers, but would also increase the demand for agricultural labour. On average, labour
demand in irrigated and unirrigated field is 200 mandays/year/ha and 100
mandays/ha/year.
Urbanization
The commissioning of the project will increase the gross money flow in the command area.
This will lead to significant impacts in the project area. The area will have increased
demands for services, such as sewerage system, communication, transportation, medical
and educational facilities, etc. It is presumed that all these developments would result in
generation of additional employment. Thus, with the increased income level, there will be a
greater demand for urbanization in the command area.
Industrialization
The cropping pattern proposed for the command area envisages significant increase in the
production of paddy and wheat. The increased production will lead to mushrooming of
small scale agro-industries for processing of some of the agriculture produce.
Other changes
With the improvement in irrigation intensity, there will be an increase in the agricultural
production of the command area. This, subsequently, will increase the money flow in the
command area as well as in the surrounding areas.
6. SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE STATUS
6.1 PROFILE OF PAVs
6.1.1 Demographic Profile
As per 2011 Census the total population of PAVs is about 93118. The male and female
population in the villages is 50.5% and 49.5% respectively and population below 6 years of
age accounts for 9.9% of the total population. The number of females per 1000 males is
979 and average family (persons per family) size is 4.
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6.1.2 Caste Profile
According to Census 2011 data, General Caste population accounts for 53.1% of the total
population in the project affected villages followed by Schedule Tribe accounting for 34.2%
and Schedule Caste accounting for the 12.7% of total population.
6.1.3 Literacy rate
The total literate population in villages is of the order of 55.7% (as per 2011 census data).
The overall illiterate population in the villages is 44.3%. The male and female literacy rate
in project affected villages is 62.8% and 48.4% respectively.
6.1.4 Occupational Profile
The total working population in the area constitutes for 53.8% and dependent population
or non-workers in the project affected villages are 46.2% of the total population. It is further
observed that 88.2% of the total population falls under main worker category. The
marginal workers account for about 11.8% of the total population.
7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
Housing
It has been observed during construction phase of many of the earlier water resources
projects that workers generally live in slum type conditions, with inadequate facilities for
potable water and sanitation. It will be mandatory for the contractor involved in the
construction activities to provide adequate facilities for water supply and sanitation.
Water supply
Appropriate water supply sources need to be identified. Proper infrastructure for storage
and if required treatment e.g. disinfection or other units, should also be provided.
Sewage treatment
The labour population is proposed to be situated in existing colonies. One community toilet
needs to be provided for 20 persons. The sewage from the community toilets shall be
treated in a sewage treatment plant comprising of aerated lagoon and secondary settling
tank.
Provision of Free Fuel
The project proponents shall make necessary arrangements for supply of kerosene/LPG.
The fuel would be supplied at subsidised rates to the local/contract labour for which
provision should be kept in the cost estimate.
Solid waste management
Adequate facilities for collection and conveyance of municipal wastes generated to the
disposal site shall be developed. At each labour camp, covered trailers to collect the solid
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waste from the common collection point and transfer it to the disposal site needs to be put
to service. The solid waste management includes:
Refuse storage Collection and Transportation Disposal
8. HEALTH DELIVERY SYSTEM
8.1 CONTROL OF MALARIA
The municipal/ district administration should plan the new urban/trade centres/large
human congregations so that they are at least 1.6 km (1 mile) away from the main canal
and the distributaries. This will help in control of malaria, which has high prevalence in the
project area.
Development of medical facilities
It is proposed to develop 3 first-aid posts manned by a doctor each and support staff are
recommended to be developed during construction phase. The first-aid posts should be
located such that they are close to major construction sites.
The doctors employed in the dispensary, reside in the staff quarters adjacent to the
dispensary. The para-medical staff required for assistance to these doctors is given in
Table-3.
Table-3: Details of Para-medical staff to be deployed
Para medical staff Number
Auxiliary Nurse 4
Attendant 4
Driver 1
Total 9
Infrastructure
First-aid post : A semi-permanent building shall be constructed for each first-aid post.
These posts will have the following facilities:
- First aid post with essential medicines including ORS packets.
- First aid appliances , splints and dressing material
- Stretcher, wheel chair etc.
Control of Anthropod-borne diseases
The following actions need to be taken:
- All the private doctors in the area to be provided chloroquine tablets and
arrangements for collection blood samples.
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- Few of the Primary Heath Centres to have Static Malaria Laboratory.
- Regular check up, surveillance and immunization of mobile populations.
Duties of Malaria Officer
- Advise the project authorities in the prevention of mosquitogenic conditions.
- Liaison with project officers in preventing/eliminate mosquiotogenic conditions in
project area.
- Coordination of insecticidal spray activities.
9 AGRICULTURE IMPROVEMENT PLAN
9.1 USE OF AGRO-CHEMICALS
A great deal of attention has been focused on agro-chemicals especially on pesticides as
these are supposed to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and allergenic. The
following measures are recommended to prevent pollution and associated adverse
impacts due to over-use of agro-chemicals:
Soil should be tested to analyse the nutrients before each cropping season and the
fertilizer dose shall be fixed considering the concentration of soil nutrients and the
type of crops to be grown.
Organic manures should be used in place of chemicals fertilizers, Agronomic
practices such as crop rotation and green cover mulching which reduce the
dependence on chemical fertilizers should be incorporated in the cropping pattern
itself.
Land conservation measures suggested as a part of watershed management are
effective in controlling erosion by surface runoff. The agro-chemicals clinging to the
eroded soil material is prevented from reaching the surface waters.
9.2 CONTROL OF WEEDS ON AGRICULTURE LANDS
Mechanical Methods
Hand weeding is the most efficient method, but it is back-breaking, time-consuming and
costly. Further, high wages paid to the hired labour narrow down the profits of the
cultivator.
Cultural or cropping methods
The farming practices are capable of changing the condition in such a way as to enable
the crop plants to compete with weeds successfully or to reduce their interference to the
minimum and thus preventing them from acting as impediments to increased crop
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production. Seeds with good germination will give the crop a vigorous and close stand and
thus enable it to steal a march on the weeds.
Chemical methods
The controlling of weeds in the growing crops with weedicides increases their yields and
ensures the efficient use of irrigation, fertilizers and plant protection measures
9.3 TRAINING AND EXTENSION COURSES FOR FARMERS
The training must include the following aspects of environmental protection:
Prevention of spread of water related diseases;
Safe use of agro-chemicals, and
Environmental conservation programmes.
Measures under prevention of spread of water related diseases must deal with :
Hygeine and personal health care;
Control of water spills, pudding etc.;
Prevention and prophylactic measures for control of vectors;
Disposal of human waste, and
Disposal of drainage water.
10. CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION
The following measures are recommended:
The contractor will be responsible for maintaining properly functioning construction
equipment to minimize exhaust.
Construction equipment and vehicles will be turned off when not used for extended
periods of time.
Unnecessary idling of construction vehicles to be prohibited.
Effective traffic management to be undertaken to avoid significant delays in and
around the project area.
Road damage caused by sub-project activities will be promptly attended to with
proper road repair and maintenance work.
When necessary, stockpiling of excavated material will be covered.
Excessive soil on paved areas will be sprayed (wet) and/or swept and unpaved
areas will be sprayed and/or mulched.
Contractors will be required to cover stockpiled soils and trucks hauling soil, sand,
and other loose materials (or require trucks to maintain at least two feet of
freeboard).
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Contractor shall ensure that there is effective traffic management at site. The
number of trucks/vehicles to move at various construction sites to be fixed.
The construction area and vicinity (access roads, and working areas) shall be
swept with water sweepers on a daily basis or as necessary to ensure there is no
visible dust.
11. NOISE CONTROL MEASURES
The construction equipment will be required to use available noise suppression devices and
properly maintained mufflers.
Vehicles to be equipped with mufflers recommended by the vehicle manufacturer.
Staging of construction equipment and unnecessary idling of equipment within
noise sensitive areas to be avoided whenever possible.
Notification will be given to residents within 100 m of major noise generating
activities. The notification will describe the noise abatement measures that will be
implemented.
Monitoring of noise levels will be conducted during the construction phase of the
project. In case of exceeding of pre-determined acceptable noise levels by the
machinery will require the contractor(s) to stop work and remedy the situation prior
to continuing construction.
Maximum permissible sound pressure level for new diesel generator sets with
rated capacity upto 1000 KVA shall be 75 dB(A) at 1 m from the enclosure
surface.
Noise from the DG set shall be controlled by providing an acoustic enclosure or by
treating the enclosure acoustically.
Acoustic Enclosure should be made of CRCA sheets of appropriate thickness and
structural/ sheet metal base. The walls of the enclosure should be insulated with
fire retardant foam so as to comply with the 75 dB(A) at 1m sound levels specified
by CPCB, Ministry of Environment & Forests.
Acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment of the room should be designed for
minimum 25 dB(A) Insertion Loss or for meeting the ambient noise standards,
whichever is on the higher side.
DG set should also be provided with proper exhaust muffler.
Proper efforts to be made to bring down the noise levels due to the DG set, outside
its premises, within the ambient noise requirements by proper siting and control
measures.
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A proper routine and preventive maintenance procedure for the DG set should be
set and followed in consultation with the DG set manufacturer which would help
prevent noise levels of the DG set from deteriorating with use.
12. RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION PLAN
The Compensation shall be awarded to the affected population on the guidelines of the
“The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition,
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013”. No family is likely to lose land. Thus, in the
proposed project, only Rehabilitation Plan is prepared.
12.1 MEASURES FOR REHABILITATION
As per the norms of “Right to Fair compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition,
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013”, solatium of 100% to be paid. In addition, the
land value is also to be multiplied by a factor of 1.0 and 2.0, based on the distance of
project from urban area, as may be notified by the appropriate government. While
Preparing the R&R plan for the proposed project the negotiated rates were also compared
with the final market rates and higher rates were taken for the compensation for private
land.
For Rama Lift Irrigation Project the Negotiation rate has been finalised which is higher than
the current Market/Circle rate of each village.
Entitlement matrix for private land acquired in each project affected village is estimated in
in Table-4. The budget proposed to be earmarked for Rehabilitation Plan is estimated as
Rs. 1140.89 crore. The details are given in Table-5.
Table-4: Entitlement matrix for Private Land Acquisition
S. No.
Name of the village Mandal
Total Private Land (Acres.)
Market Rate/ Circle Rate of Project Affected Villages (Rs.)
Negotiated Rate* (Rs./acre)
Total Land Cost (Rs. Lakh)
1 Kummarigudem Aswapuram 80.55 100000 800000 644.4
2 Ammagaripalli Aswapuram 53.15 100000 800000 425.2
3 Amerda-1 Aswapuram
157.77
160000 800000
1262.16 4 Amerda-2 Aswapuram 160000 800000
5
Aswapuram (Approach Canal) Aswapuram 228.42 200000 800000 1827.36
6 Aswapuram Aswapuram 53.62 200000 1000000 536.2
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S. No.
Name of the village Mandal
Total Private Land (Acres.)
Market Rate/ Circle Rate of Project Affected Villages (Rs.)
Negotiated Rate* (Rs./acre)
Total Land Cost (Rs. Lakh)
(Dumping Yard)
7
BG Kottur,H/o Nellipaka (Pump House) Aswapuram 77.12 388553 1000000 771.2
8 Nellipaka-1,2 &3 Aswapuram 140.025 388553 1200000 1680.3
9 Bhurghampahad Bhurghampahad 190.85 388553 1200000 2290.2
10 Krishnasagar Bhurghampahad 15.72 100000 1200000 188.64
11 MP Banjar-2 Bhurghampahad 8.35 100000 800000 66.8
12 M.P Banjara Bhurgampad 76.22 160000 800000 609.76
13 Pinapaka Patti Nagar Bhurgampad 66.87 160000 800000 534.96
14 Narayanaraopeta Palvancha 7.12 120000 800000 56.96
15 Repallewada Palvancha 8.17 90000 800000 65.36
16 Pusugudem Mulakalapally 53.74 110000 800000 429.92
17 Madharam Mulakalapally 25.06 80000 800000 200.48
18 Kamlapuram Mulakalapally 127.2 80000 800000 1017.6
19 Telijerla Annpureddy 156.34 80000 800000 1250.72
20 Gumpena Annpureddy 214.231 150000 800000 1713.848
21 Chaparalapally Mulakalapally 39.29 80000 800000 314.32
22 Gurremgudem Chandrugonda 64.12 150000 800000 512.96
23 Pokalagudem Chandrugonda 131.5 150000 800000 1052
24 Nallabandabodu Ulurupadu 20.05 150000 800000 160.4
25 Gundipudi Ulurupadu 67.625 150000 800000 541
26 Julurupadu Ulurupadu 107.37 150000 800000 858.96
27 Papakollu Ulurupadu 274.75 150000 800000 2198
28 Chimalapadu Singareni 98.06 150000 800000 784.48
29 Vutupally Annapureddy 61.75 150000 800000 494
30 Namavaram Annapureddy 82.5 150000 800000 660
31 Narsapuram Annapureddy 61.25 150000 800000 490
Sub-Total(A) 2748.791 23638.188
Sub-Total(B) 6497.258 120000 77967.096
Total
*The Negotiated Rate is higher than Market rates alongwith Multiplication Factor plus hundred percent Solatium
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Table-5: Provisions for Rehabilitation Plan for families losing land
S. No
Description Unit Assumed Provision#
Cost (Rs. lakh)
1 Total Market Value of Project Affected Villages
ha (Refer Tables-4)
101605.284
2 Rural artisans / Self-employed
One-time financial assistance of a minimum of Rs. 25,000/- to each affected family of an artisan, small trader or self-employed person or an affected family which owned non-agricultural land or commercial, industrial or institutional structure in the affected area, and which has been involuntarily displaced from the affected area due to land acquisition
2472 2472 PAFs x Rs.25000/PAF
618.0
3 Choice of Annuity or Employment
a) At least one member per affected family
will be provided job (either in the project or
arrange for a job in such other project),
after providing suitable training and skill
development in the required field
Or b) Onetime payment of Rs. 500,000 per
affected family
Or c) Annuity policies that shall pay not less than
Rs. 2000 per month per family for 20
years, with appropriate indexation to the
Consumer Price Index for Agricultural
Labourers
2472 2472 PAFs x2000 x 12 x 20
11865.6
Total 114088.884
13. LOCAL AREA DEVELOPMENT PLAN
The following aspects have been covered under the Local Area Development Plan:
Educational Facilities
Health Care and Medical Facilities
Infrastructure Development
Economic Development
Social and Cultural Development
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A budget of 0.5% of the project cost has been earmarked for implementation of Local Area
Development Plan (LADP). The total project cost accounts for Rs.13384.80 crores say
1338480 lakh. The 0.5% of the total project cost accounts for Rs.66.924 crore.
Budget for LADP
An amount of Rs.6895.0 lakh or Rs. 68.95 crore is being made for implementation of the
LADP Activities. The details are shown in Table-6.
Table-6: Budget for implementation of Local Area Development Plan
S. No. Items Budget (Rs. lakh)
1 Construction/Up-gradation schools in Study Area 400.0
2 Scholarships to students in the Study Area 2920.0
3 Improvement of Public Health Facility 915.0
4. Construction of Community Toilets 2160.0
5. New Industrial Training Institute 500.0
Total 6895 lakh say Rs. 68.95 crore
14. COST FOR IMPLEMENTING MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR SOCIAL ASPECTS
The total amount to be spent for implementation of Management Plan for Social Aspects is
Rs. 1210.44 crore. The details are given in Table-7.
Table-7: Cost for Implementing Social Management Plan
S. No. Item Cost (Rs.lakhs)
1. Resettlement & Rehabilitation Plan 114088.884
2. Local Area Development Plan 6895.0
3. Monitoring and Evaluation Aspects 60.00
Total 121043.884
15. SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
The summary of environmental monitoring programme during construction and operational
phase of the Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Phase-I project are given in Tables-8 and 9
respectively.
Table: 8: Environmental Monitoring Programme during Construction Phase
S. No. Particulars Parameters Frequency Location
1. Treated waste water from STPs
pH, BOD, COD, TSS and Oil & Grease
Once every month
Before and after treatment from the STPs at various labour camps
2. Ambient Air quality
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and NO2
Once every season
At major construction sites
3. Noise Equivalent noise level (Leq)
Every month At major construction sites.
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S. No. Particulars Parameters Frequency Location
4. Water-related diseases
Identification of water related diseases, adequacy of local control and curative measure, etc.
Once every season
Labour camps and nearby settlements
Table: 9: Environmental Monitoring Programme during Project Operation Phase
S. No. Particulars Parameters Frequency Location
1. Drinking water quality
pH, Turbidity,
Hardness,
Alkalinity,
Chlorides, Iron,
Nitrates and
Fluorides
Once every month
Various villages served with drinking water from the project
2. Erosion & Siltation
Soil erosion rates, stability of bank embankment, etc.
Twice a year (pre & post monsoon Season)
--
3. Ecology Status of afforestation programmes
Once in 5 years
--
4. Incidence of water-related diseases
Cause and control measures for various diseases.
Once in a year
Command area
5 Meteorological Parameters
Temperature, rainfall, humidity, cloud cover, wind speed and direction, Solar Insolation, Evaporation Rate
Continuous At a suitable in command area
15.1 COST FOR IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The total amount to be spent for implementation of Environmental Management Plan
(EMP) is Rs. 1307.0 crore. The details are given in Table-10.
Table-10: Cost for Implementing Environmental Management Plan
S. No. Item Cost (Rs. crore)
1. Compensatory Afforestation and Bio-diversity conservation 71.53
2. Environmental Management in labour camp 13.62
3. Public health delivery system 3.76
4. Restoration and Landscaping of construction sites 4.05
5. Greenbelt development 0.50
6. Air, Water and Noise Pollution Control Measures 1.15
7. Energy Conservation measures 0.50
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S. No. Item Cost (Rs. crore)
8. Public Awareness Programmes 0.50
9. Resettlement and Rehabilitation Plan
1140.89
10. Local Area Development Plan
68.95
11. Monitoring & Evaluation of said Aspects 0.60
12. Environmental Monitoring during construction phase 0.78
13. Purchase of noise meter 0.015
14. Purchase of meteorological instruments 0.070
15. Water Quality Testing Kits 0.10
Total 1307.015, crore or Say 1307.0 crore
15.2 COST FOR IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
The cost required for implementation of the Environmental Monitoring Programme is of the
order of Rs.0.73 crore @ Rs.21.90 lakh / year. A 10% annual price increase may be
considered for every year. The construction period for estimation of cost for
implementation of Environmental Monitoring programme during construction phase has
been taken as 3 years. The details are given in Table-11.
The cost required for implementation of the Environmental Monitoring Programme in
operation .06/phase is of the order of Rs. 16.0 lakh/year. The details are given in Table-12.
Table-11: Cost for Implementing Environmental Monitoring Programme during construction phase
S. No Item Cost (Rs. lakh/year)
Total cost for construction period of 3 years with 10% escalation per year (Rs. lakh)
1 Water quality 2.10 7.15
2
2 Ambient Air quality 4.80 15.9
3 Ecology 10.00 33.1
4. Incidence of water related diseases
5.00 16.6
Total 21.90 Rs. 72.75 lakh or Rs. 0.73 crore
Table-12: Cost for Implementing Environmental Monitoring Programme during
operation phase
S. No Item Cost (Rs. lakh/year)
1 Water quality 1.0
2 Ecology 10.0
3 Incidence of water related diseases 5.0
Total 16.0
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