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Transcript of Comprehensive Cancer Control: Can We Practice What We Preach? Jon F. Kerner, Ph.D. Division of...
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Comprehensive Cancer Control: Can We Practice What We Preach?
Jon F. Kerner, Ph.D.
Division of Cancer Control and Populations Sciences
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The Central Goals of Healthy People 2010*
Increase quality and years of healthy life
Eliminate health disparities
* USDHHS Healthy People 2010. Washington D.C. January 2000. Volume #1: page 2
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NCI’s Challenge: Health Disparities Present Scientific, Moral and Ethical Dilemmas
Profound advances in biomedical science have occurred over the last several decades, which for many Americans, have contributed to increased longevity and improved quality of life.
Despite this progress, a heavier burden of disease is borne by some population groups in the United States, particularly the poor and underserved.
The unequal burden of disease in our society is a challenge to science as well as a moral and ethical dilemma for our nation.
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Target for Change: By 2008, develop a system to monitor and document cancer disparities in Maryland.
Objective 1: Increase public and community awareness about cancer health disparities and cancer prevention, screening, and treatment in Maryland.
Chapter 3: Cancer Disparities Goal: Reduce cancer health disparities in Maryland.
Objective 2: Develop and implement health care programs designed to reduce cancer disparities among targeted populations in Maryland.
Objective 3: Increase cancer disparities documentation and intervention on a systematic basis in Maryland.Objective 4: Increase provider education and reimbursement aimed at reducing cancer disparities
Executive Summary
Objective 5: Improve access to, and utilization of, cancer screening and treatment options for underserved populations.
Objective 6: Improve the quality of cancer care received by racial/ethnic minorities.
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NCI Map of Grants by State – FY 2002Division # of
Grants in MD
% Of Grants
Total NCI Dollars in MD
% of Total NCI Dollars
DCCPS 21 8.8% $8,100,446 9.2%DCB 81 34.0% $20,644,935 23.4%DCP 21 8.8% $7,363,333 8.3%DCTD 73 30.7% $26,432,837 30.0%DDES 42 17.6% $25,712,575 29.1%Total 238 100.0% $88,254,126 100.0%
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THE CANCER CONTROL CONTINUUM
Cancer Continuum
Prevention
Focus
• Tobacco Control• Diet• Physical Activity• Sun Exposure• Virus Exposure• Alcohol Use• Chemoprevention
Detection• Pap Test• Mammography• FOBT• Sigmoidoscopy• PSA
Treatment• Health Services
and Outcomes Research
Survivorship• Coping• Health Promotion
Cross Cutting Issues
• Communications• Surveillance• Social Determinants and Health Disparities• Genetic Testing• Decision Making• Dissemination of Evidence-based Interventions• Quality of Cancer Care• Epidemiology• Measurement
Diagnosis• Informed
Decision Making
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Distribution of DCCPS Grants in Institutions in the State of Maryland by the Cancer Control Continuum (FY 02)
(n= 21, Total Dollars= $8.1 million)
Epidemiology5 Grants (24%)
$2.5 million
Survivorship1 Grant (5%)
$406 K
Treatment3 Grants (14%)
$633 K
Diagnosis0 Grants
Detection5 Grants (24%)
$1.8 million
Prevention7 Grants (33%)
$2.8 million
6/21 (28.6%) grants and 26.6% of grant funds focus on health disparities research
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Chapter 5: Tobacco-Use Prevention and Cessation & Lung Cancer Goal: Substantially reduce tobacco use by Maryland adults and youth.
Executive Summary
Targets for Change:
By 2008, reduce lung cancer mortality to a rate of no more than 57.3 per 100,000 persons in Maryland. Maryland Baseline: 59.5 per 100,000 in 2000 (age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population). Source: Maryland Division of Health Statistics
By 2008, reduce the proportion of Maryland middle school youth that currently smoke cigarettes to no more than 6.2%. Maryland Baseline: 7.3%. Source: Maryland Youth Tobacco Survey (2000)
By 2008, reduce the proportion of Maryland high school youth that currently smoke cigarettes to no more than 20.3%. Maryland Baseline: 23.7%. Source: Maryland Youth Tobacco Survey (2000)
By 2008, reduce the proportion of Maryland adults that currently smoke cigarettes to no more than 15 %. Maryland Baseline: 17.5%. Source: Maryland Adult Tobacco Survey (2000)
By 2008, increase the proportion of Maryland adults that would support a proposal to make all restaurants in their community smokefree to 72.1%. Maryland Baseline: 63.0%. Source: Maryland Adult Tobacco Survey (2000)
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MD Target: 57.3
Maryland Baseline: 59.5 per 100,000 in 2000 (age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population).
US Target: 44.9U.S. Baseline: 56.1 per 100,000 in 2000 (age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population).
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CDC Office of Smoking Health State Highlights 2002 report Maryland
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NCI’s Challenge: Close the Gap Between Discovery and Delivery
There is also a critical disconnect between research discovery and program delivery and this disconnect is, in and of itself, a key determinant of the unequal burden of cancer in our society.
Barriers that prevent the benefits of research from reaching all populations, particularly those who bear the greatest disease burden, must be identified and removed.
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THE DISCOVERY-DELIVERY CONTINUUM
DiscoveryDiscovery DevelopmentDevelopment DeliveryDelivery PolicyPolicy
How do we model Interagency partnership across the continuum?
How do we increase investment in the development process?
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Translational Research vs. Research Translation
"Cutting-Edge" "State-Of-The-Art" "Resource-Limited"
Academic Cancer& Medical Centers
CCOPs & ACoSApproved CancerPrograms
Municipal & RuralHospitals & Clinics
1 NCI-designated Cancer Center 0 CCOPs; 35 ACoS
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Reducing the cancer burden
Fundamental Research
Surveillance Research
Intervention Research
KnowledgeSynthesis
Application and Program Delivery
Dynamic Model of Cancer Research & Diffusion and Dissemination
Adapted from the Advisory Committee on Cancer Control, National Cancer Institute of Canada, 1994.
DisseminationDissemination
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Publication
Bibliographic databases
Submission
Reviews, guidelines, textbook
Negative results
variable
0.3 year
6. 0 - 13.0 years50%
46%
18%
35%
0.6 year
0.5 year
9.3 years
Dickersin, 1987
Koren, 1989
Balas, 1995
Poynard, 1985
Kumar, 1992
Kumar, 1992
Poyer, 1982
Antman, 1992
Negative results
Lack of numbers
Expertopinion
Inconsistentindexing
It takes 17 years to turn 14 per cent of original researchIt takes 17 years to turn 14 per cent of original research to the benefit of patient careto the benefit of patient care
17:14
Original research
Acceptance
Implementation
E.A. Balas, 2000
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TTranslating RResearch into IImproved OOutcomes (TRIOTRIO)
Use and communicate cancer and behavioral surveillance data to identify needs, track progress and motivate action.
Collaboratively develop tools for accessing, and promoting adoption of, evidence-based cancer control interventions.
Support regional and local partnerships to develop models for identifying infrastructure barriers, expanding capacity and integrating science into comprehensive cancer control planning and implementation.
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http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/d4d/
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Working Together To Make the WholeGreater Than the Sum of Its Parts
National Partnership Model in Comprehensive Cancer Control
ACSNCI
CDC
R&D
Synt
hesi
s
Dire
ct S
ervi
ceR
& D
Dissem
.&
Diffusion
R & D
Synthesis
Synthesis
Dissem. & Diffusion
Direct Service
ervice
Dis
sem
. & D
iffusion
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Research-Practice Partnerships?
“Getting a new idea adopted, even when it has obvious advantages, is often very difficult.” -- Everett Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations
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Maryland Grantee Institutions
No. of Grants
Total Dollars
% of Dollars
Comp.
Cancer
Center
141 $68,906,165
78.1%
30 Other Institutions
97 $19,347,961
21.9%
Total 238 $88,254,126
100%
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P30/P50 Review Committee Report Recommendation #2
2. Make better use of centers as entrepreneurial resources for planning, innovation and dissemination
2.6 Provide support via P30 to centers making links with state agencies, health departments, CDC, etc.
2.7 Modify the P30 award to encourage novel methods and infrastructure for disseminating new knowledge in early detection, prevention, cancer control and clinical research
2.2 Use existing resources of centers as cost-effective sites for piloting new research and dissemination programs
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Observations about Centers’ Interest in Dissemination and Diffusion
Few cancer centers articulate a specific interest in dissemination based on information from Web sites.
There are few population sciences shared resources and none are specifically focused on D and D.
There are few people already within cancer centers with the skill set needed to develop the D and D area.
If it is an “unfunded mandate,” D and D will not occur on the appropriate scale.
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Potential Partners for All Cancer Centers and Academic Medical Centers in Comprehensive Cancer Control
Schools of public healthSchools of allied health professionalsSchools of communicationBusiness schoolsHealth departmentsVoluntary health organizationsPrivate sector, e.g. advertising agencies
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Application of D&D Models in Cancer Centers
Create Knowledge Transfer Teams—Provide support for people whose role is to assess the appropriateness of discoveries in different areas for dissemination (perhaps as part of a Dissemination Core).
New Associate Director position?
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Knowledge Synthesis Model—Encourage cancer centers to seek training opportunities for people in knowledge synthesis (KS), actively encourage more KS prior to grant funding as part of grant evaluation, more aggressively promote existing knowledge syntheses to cancer centers.
Discourage cancer center PR departments to promote the study finding “du jour?”
Application of D&D Models in Cancer Centers
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“To him who devotes his life to science, nothing can give
more happiness than increasing the
number of discoveries, but his cup of joy is full when the results of his studies
immediately find practical applications.”
~Louis Pasteur
Our goal is to turn knowledge into applications that benefit people.