Chemical Bonding. Chemical Bonds Chemical bonds hold atoms together to make compounds.
Compounds and Bonds Chapter 2 - Chemical Interaction.
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Transcript of Compounds and Bonds Chapter 2 - Chemical Interaction.
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Compounds and Bonds
Chapter 2 - Chemical Interaction
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CompoundCompound
Chemical FormulaChemical Formula
SubscriptSubscript
Ionic BondIonic Bond
Covalent BondCovalent Bond
MetallicMetallic
Warm up: Define the following termson the front of your compounds packet
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COMPOUND:
A substance made up of 2 or more different types of atoms bonded together
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Chemical Formula:An expression that shows the number of and
type of atom in a compound
For example: C6H12O6Types of elements:
carbon, hydrogen and oxygenHow many (number):
6 Carbon, 12 Hydrogen, 6 Oxygen
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Subscript:
A number written slightly below the and to the right of a chemical symbol that shows how
many atoms of an element are in a compound.
C6H12O6
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Ionic bond:The electric attraction between a
negative and a positive ion.
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Covalent Bond:
A pair of electrons shared by 2 atoms
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Metallic Bond:
A certain type of bond in which nuclei float in a sea of electrons
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Today's Topic:
How atoms are combined in a compound (bonded), determine the properties of the compounds
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CHEMICAL BOND: The force holding 2 atoms together in a
compound.
3 Major Types of Bonds:
Metallic, Ionic, Covalent
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Metallic Bonds: are caused by mobile (moving electrons), this gives metal atoms the freedom to move around,
therefore metal bend
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Ionic Bonds: are caused by the formation of ions, this bond allows salt to dissolve in water.
When an ionic compound dissolves it separates into ions which conduct electricity.
Whereas covalent bonds do not!
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Covalent bonds: the atoms share electrons, sometimes one atom pulls to hard on the
electrons giving the atom 2 oppositely charged ends.
What do you know about opposites:
THEY: __________________ATTRACT
Therefore these molecules will :stick to each other...this is called COHESION
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COHESION: The attraction between
2 like Molecules!!!!
Example:
H2O
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SURFACE TENSION ON A PENNY!
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The water forms a bubble on the penny! This is due to
surface tension caused by the attraction of the water
molecules to each other. Instead of falling off the penny the water molecules hold each other in place creating a dome
on the penny.
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Capillary Action:Take a look at your celery, write down
what you notice on the back of your lab.
Capillary Action - the tendency of water to
travel up a small narrow tube. This is also caused
by the polar covalent bonds in the water
molecule
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COHESION: water to water, molecules of the same substance attract.
ADHESION: water to tube (xylem), molecules of different substances attract.
Water flow up the xylem of plant due to the uneq
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Cohesion (attraction) between the water molecules, and the Adhesion between the
xylem and the water cause the water to move up the small tubes called xylem in the celery
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MoleculeMolecule
Polar Covalent BondPolar Covalent Bond
NonPolar Covalent NonPolar Covalent BondBond
Warm up: Define the following termson the front of your compounds packet
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MOLECULE
A group of atoms that are held together by covalent
bonds so that they move as a unit.
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Polar Covalent BondThe unequal sharing of
electrons between 2 atoms that gives rise to negative
and positive regions of electric charge.
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Non-Polar Covalent Bond
The unequal sharing of electrons between 2 atoms
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COMPOUND:
A substance made up of 2 or more different types of atoms bonded together
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CHEMICAL BOND: The force holding 2 atoms together in a
compound.
3 Major Types of Bonds:
Metallic, Ionic, Covalent
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Compounds are 2 or more elements held together with a CHEMICAL BOND.
Properties of compounds depend on the elements that make them up and how those element are BONDED to each other. These properties are usually very DIFFERENT from the individual elements that make them up.
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The same elements can form different different compounds with different properties:
Example:
H2O = water - safe to drink, does not kill bacteria
H2O2 = hydrogen peroxide, makes you
vomit, used to kill bacteria
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-Bonding Occurs due to the fact that every atom wants to acquire:
8 VALENCE ELECTRONS
- VALENCE ELECTRONS: are the electrons in the outermost energy
level of an atom (farthest away from the nucleus)
- A Full valence shell requires 8 valence electrons. With the
exception of Helium because helium 1st energy level is filled with only 2.
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Draw a Bohr model diagram of helium-4 and label the valence electrons
4
P:M:E:N:# valence e-:Questions: does helium-4 have a full valence shell: ____________
He
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Draw a Bohr model diagram of carbon-14 and label the valence electrons
14
P:M:E:N:# valence e-:Questions: does carbon-14 have a full valence shell: ____________
C
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Draw a Bohr model diagram of Neon-20 and label the valence electrons
20
P:M:E:N:# valence e-:Questions: does Neon-20 have a full valence shell: ____________
Ne
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3 Main Types of Bond:
Metallic Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds
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1. METALLIC BOND: Bond between 2 METALS.
Considered to be a "sea of electrons" with positive and "islands" (nuclei)
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Black = electrons, V=Valence electrons,
Blue = proton, Red = neutrons
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2. COVALENT BOND: electrons are SHARED.
A bond between 2 NON-METALS
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2 Types of Covalent Bond
POLAR and NON-POLAR
1. NON-POLAR BONDS: an equal sharing of electrons, between atoms. Occurs between 2 atoms of the same element.
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v
v
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2. Polar Bonds: an UNEQUAL sharing of electrons between atoms. Occurs between 2 atoms from different elements.
Bond between two different elements of atoms (element)
- Creating a slight negatively charges side and a slight positively charged side.
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- The polarity causes CAPILLARY ACTION, ADHESION, COHESION, SURFACE TENSION, and allows plants move water up their stems for photosynthesis
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CohesionAttraction between 2 LIKE molecules
(2 of the same types of molecules sticking together)
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AdhesionAttraction between 2 UNLIKE molecules
(2 different type molecules sticking together)
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Surface TensionCohesive forces in water that cause it to bead and form a thin elastic film layer
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Capillary Action - the tendency of water to move up a narrow tube. (Caused by the adhesion (attraction) of the water molecule to the side of the tube, and cohesion (attraction) between the water molecules. The water sticks together and pulls a trail of water up the tube (attraction)).
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3. IONIC BOND: Bond between 2 oppositely charged IONS.
A bond between a NON-METAL and a METAL
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An electron is TRANSFERRED from the metal, creating a positive charged ion called the CATION. This transfer created a negatively
charged non-metal referred to as an ANION.
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The POSITIVE ion is
attracted to the NEGATIVE ion, holding the two atoms together.
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The positively charged ion can also be attracted to a positively charged particle referred to as a POLYATOMIC ion. Which is basically a compound (molecule) with a positive or negative charge.
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EXAMPLE:NaCl: Table SaltMetal (cation) = __________, gives up
an electron creating a ______________ ion.
Nonmetal (anion) = _________, accepts the electron creating a
_____________ ion
Positive and negative charges _____________ each other, creating a bond holding the compound together.