Composition of ad hoc Committees Implications Nicolas Angelet.
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Transcript of Composition of ad hoc Committees Implications Nicolas Angelet.
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Composition of ad hoc CommitteesImplications
Nicolas Angelet
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I. Policy Issues
A. International and Institutional Proceedings
• No party appointments (Article 52.3)• In lieu of domestic control (Article 54)
→ Legitimacy towards State Parties
→ Avoid (perceived) domestic or ‘partisan’ influences
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I. Policy IssuesB. Annulment proceedings
• Open-ended grounds • Directed against award = potentially affecting
the arbitrators (cf. Article 52.3)
→ Legitimacy towards State Parties : avoid domestic or ‘partisan’ positions
→ Fairness towards the arbitrators : maximize coherence = legal certainty
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II. Familiarity with the legal system involved in the dispute?
A. Broches et al.:
“the requirement of familiarity with the legal system(s) involved may present another obstacle” to continuity in the composition of the Committees
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II. Familiarity with the legal system involved in the dispute?
• Not in line with:
– Annulment as a substitute for domestic control, i.e., unrelated to the legal system involved in the dispute
– Annulment as distinguished from appeal
– Need to enhance coherence
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III. Committee Members more experienced than the Arbitrators?
Pierre Lalive:
“.. the choice of committee members has not always been made … among more experienced people, than that of the arbitrators ..”
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III. Committee Members more experienced than the Arbitrators?
• Fairness towards the arbitrators and possibly legitimacy towards State parties
• Unrelated to coherence
• Arbitrators’ authority often cannot be outclassed
• Experience in what? ICSID arbitration, ICSID annulment proceedings, domestic proceedings directed against arbitral awards
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IV. Int’l and Domestic Lawyers Different Legal Cultures
• Public international lawyers:
– Advantages: • grounds for annulment as treaty law• public international law issues raised under
a ground of annulment • safeguarding proceedings against domestic
influences
– Limits: few public international lawyers experienced in proceedings against arbitral awards
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IV. Int’l and Domestic Lawyers Different Legal Cultures
• Domestic Lawyers:
– Advantages : larger number with relevant experience
– Limits: risk of undue domestic influences – compensation through representation of different legal cultures
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IV. International and Domestic Lawyers 2000 - Present
Philippe Gruslin v. MalaysiaDate Registered: December 19, 2000Composition:President: Thomas BUERGENTHAL (U.S.)Members: Kamal HOSSAIN (Bangladeshi)Gabrielle KAUFMANN-KOHLER (Swiss)
WHL v. EgyptDate Registered: January 24, 2001Composition:President: Konstantinos D. KERAMEUS (Greek)Members: Andreas BUCHER (Swiss)Francisco ORREGO VICUÑA (Chilean)
CAA S.A. and VU v. ArgentinaDate Registered: March 23, 2001Composition:President: L. Yves FORTIER (Canadian)Members: James R. CRAWFORD (Australian)José Carlos FERNÁNDEZ ROZAS (Spanish)
CDC Group plc v. SeychellesDate Registered: April 30, 2004Composition:President: Charles N. BROWER (U.S.)Members: Michael HWANG (Singaporean)David A.R. WILLIAMS (New Zealand)
Consortium R.F.C.C. v. MoroccoDate Registered: April 30, 2004Composition:President: Bernard HANOTIAU (Belgian)Members: Arghyrios A. FATOUROS (Greek)Franklin BERMAN (British)
■■
International
Domestic
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Repsol Date Registered: July 15, 2004Composition:President: Judd L. KESSLER (U.S.)Members: Piero BERNARDINI (Italian)Gonzalo BIGGS (Chilean)
MTD v. ChileDate Registered: September 30, 2004Composition:President: Gilbert GUILLAUME (French)Members: James R. CRAWFORD (Australian)Sara ORDOÑEZ NORIEGA (Colombian)
HNS v. United Arab EmiratesDate Registered: November 12, 2004Composition:President: Florentino P. FELICIANO (Philippine)Members: Omar NABULSI (Jordanian)Brigitte STERN (French)
JMML v. EgyptDate Registered: December 22, 2004Composition:President: Antonias C. DIMOLITSA (Greek) Members: Michael HWANG (Singaporean)José Luis SHAW (Uruguayan)
Lucchetti v. PeruDate Registered: July 01, 2005Composition: President: Hans DANELIUS (Swedish)Members: Andrea GIARDINA (Italian)Franklin BERMAN (British)
CMS Gas Transmission v. ArgentinaDate Registered: September 27, 2005Composition:President: Gilbert GUILLAUME (French)Members: Nabil ELARABY (Egyptian)James R. CRAWFORD (Australian)
Patrick Mitchell v. DRCDate Registered: July 15, 200Composition:President: Antonias C. DIMOLITSA (Greek)Members: Robert S.M. DOSSOU (Beninese)Andrea GIARDINA (Italian)
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Azurix Corp. v. ArgentinaDate Registered: December 11, 2006Composition:President: Gavan GRIFFITH (Australian)Members: Bola AJIBOLA (Nigerian)Michael HWANG (Singaporean)
Siemens A.G. v. ArgentinaDate Registered: July 16, 2007Composition:President: Gilbert GUILLAUME (French)Members: Florentino P. FELICIANO (Philippine)Mohamed SHAHABUDDEEN (Guyanese)
Malaysian Historical Salvors v. MalaysiaDate Registered: September 17, 2007Composition:President: Stephen M. SCHWEBEL (U.S.)Members: Mohamed SHAHABUDDEEN (Guyanese)Peter TOMKA (Slovak)
AhmonsetoDate Registered: November 02, 2007Composition:President: Piero BERNARDINI (Italian)Members: Azzedine KETTANI (Moroccan)Peter TOMKA (Slovak)
M.C.I. Power GroupDate Registered: December 06, 2007Composition:President: Dominique HASCHER (French)Members: Hans DANELIUS (Swedish)Peter TOMKA (Slovak)
Fraport AGDate Registered: January 08, 2008Composition:President: Peter TOMKA (Slovak)Members: Dominique HASCHER (French)Campbell McLACHLAN (New Zealand)
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V. Investors’ States / Host States
Legitimacy (subjective impartiality) towards State Parties, in particular Host States
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V. Investors’ States - Host States 2000 - Present
Philippe Gruslin v. MalaysiaDate Registered: December 19, 2000Composition:President: Thomas BUERGENTHAL (U.S.)Members: Kamal HOSSAIN (Bangladeshi)Gabrielle KAUFMANN-KOHLER (Swiss)
WHL v. EgyptDate Registered: January 24, 2001Composition:President: Konstantinos D. KERAMEUS (Greek)Members: Andreas BUCHER (Swiss)Francisco ORREGO VICUÑA (Chilean)
CAA S.A. and VU v. ArgentinaDate Registered: March 23, 2001Composition:President: L. Yves FORTIER (Canadian)Members: James R. CRAWFORD (Australian)José Carlos FERNÁNDEZ ROZAS (Spanish)
CDC Group plc v. SeychellesDate Registered: April 30, 2004Composition:President: Charles N. BROWER (U.S.)Members: Michael HWANG (Singaporean)David A.R. WILLIAMS (New Zealand)
Consortium R.F.C.C. v. MoroccoDate Registered: April 30, 2004Composition:President: Bernard HANOTIAU (Belgian)Members: Arghyrios A. FATOUROS (Greek)Franklin BERMAN (British)
■■ Investors’ States
Host States
■ In between
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Repsol Date Registered: July 15, 2004Composition:President: Judd L. KESSLER (U.S.)Members: Piero BERNARDINI (Italian)Gonzalo BIGGS (Chilean)
MTD v. ChileDate Registered: September 30, 2004Composition:President: Gilbert GUILLAUME (French)Members: James R. CRAWFORD (Australian)Sara ORDOÑEZ NORIEGA (Colombian)
HNS v. United Arab EmiratesDate Registered: November 12, 2004Composition:President: Florentino P. FELICIANO (Philippine)Members: Omar NABULSI (Jordanian)Brigitte STERN (French)
JMML v. EgyptDate Registered: December 22, 2004Composition:President: Antonias C. DIMOLITSA (Greek) Members: Michael HWANG (Singaporean)José Luis SHAW (Uruguayan)
Lucchetti v. PeruDate Registered: July 01, 2005Composition: President: Hans DANELIUS (Swedish)Members: Andrea GIARDINA (Italian)Franklin BERMAN (British)
CMS Gas Transmission v. ArgentinaDate Registered: September 27, 2005Composition:President: Gilbert GUILLAUME (French)Members: Nabil ELARABY (Egyptian)James R. CRAWFORD (Australian)
Patrick Mitchell v. DRCDate Registered: July 15, 200Composition:President: Antonias C. DIMOLITSA (Greek)Members: Robert S.M. DOSSOU (Beninese)Andrea GIARDINA (Italian)
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Azurix Corp. v. ArgentinaDate Registered: December 11, 2006Composition:President: Gavan GRIFFITH (Australian)Members: Bola AJIBOLA (Nigerian)Michael HWANG (Singaporean)
Siemens A.G. v. ArgentinaDate Registered: July 16, 2007Composition:President: Gilbert GUILLAUME (French)Members: Florentino P. FELICIANO (Philippine)Mohamed SHAHABUDDEEN (Guyanese)
Malaysian Historical Salvors v. MalaysiaDate Registered: September 17, 2007Composition:President: Stephen M. SCHWEBEL (U.S.)Members: Mohamed SHAHABUDDEEN (Guyanese)Peter TOMKA (Slovak)
AhmonsetoDate Registered: November 02, 2007Composition:President: Piero BERNARDINI (Italian)Members: Azzedine KETTANI (Moroccan)Peter TOMKA (Slovak)
M.C.I. Power GroupDate Registered: December 06, 2007Composition:President: Dominique HASCHER (French)Members: Hans DANELIUS (Swedish)Peter TOMKA (Slovak)
Fraport AGDate Registered: January 08, 2008Composition:President: Peter TOMKA (Slovak)Members: Dominique HASCHER (French)Campbell McLACHLAN (New Zealand)
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VI. Continuity in Composition
• Enhances coherence → legal certainty
• Not to the detriment of other criteria
• Obstacle : Increased caseload, exclusionary rules
• Informal copy of WTO Appellate Body >< Secrecy of deliberations
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VI. Continuity in Composition1984 -1992
Klöckner I :Date Registered: 16 February 1984Composition:President: Pierre LALIVE (Swiss)Members: Ahmed Sadek EL-KOSHERI (Egyptian) Ignaz SEIDL-HOHENVELDERN (Austrian)
Amco I: Date Registered: 18 March 1985Composition: President: Ignaz SEIDL-HOHENVELDERN (Austrian) Members: Florentino P. FELICIANO (Philippine) Andrea GIARDINA (Italian)
MINE:Date Registered: 30 March 1988Composition: President: Sompong SUCHARITKUL (Thai) Members: Aaron BROCHES (Netherlands) Kéba MBAYE (Senegalese)
Klöckner II:Date Registered: 1 July 1988Composition: President: Sompong SUCHARITKUL (Thai) Members: Andrea GIARDINA (Italian) Kéba MBAYE (Senegalese)
Amco II:Date Registered: 18 October 1990 and 20 February 1991Composition: President: Sompong SUCHARITKUL (Thai)Members: Arghyrios A. FATOUROS (Greek) Dietrich SCHINDLER (Swiss)
SPP v. Egypt:Date Registered: 27 May 1992Composition: President: Claude REYMOND (Swiss)Members: Arghyrios A. FATOUROS (Greek) Kéba MBAYE (Senegalese)
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VI. Continuity in Composition 2000 - Present
Philippe Gruslin v. MalaysiaDate Registered: December 19, 2000Composition:President: Thomas BUERGENTHAL (U.S.)Members: Kamal HOSSAIN (Bangladeshi)Gabrielle KAUFMANN-KOHLER (Swiss)
WHL v. EgyptDate Registered: January 24, 2001Composition:President: Konstantinos D. KERAMEUS (Greek)Members: Andreas BUCHER (Swiss)Francisco ORREGO VICUÑA (Chilean)
CAA S.A. and VU v. ArgentinaDate Registered: March 23, 2001Composition:President: L. Yves FORTIER (Canadian)Members: James R. CRAWFORD (Australian)José Carlos FERNÁNDEZ ROZAS (Spanish)
CDC Group plc v. SeychellesDate Registered: April 30, 2004Composition:President: Charles N. BROWER (U.S.)Members: Michael HWANG (Singaporean)David A.R. WILLIAMS (New Zealand)
Consortium R.F.C.C. v. MoroccoDate Registered: April 30, 2004Composition:President: Bernard HANOTIAU (Belgian)Members: Arghyrios A. FATOUROS (Greek)Franklin BERMAN (British)
Patrick Mitchell v. DRCDate Registered: July 15, 200Composition:President: Antonias C. DIMOLITSA (Greek)Members: Robert S.M. DOSSOU (Beninese)Andrea GIARDINA (Italian)
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Repsol Date Registered: July 15, 2004Composition:President: Judd L. KESSLER (U.S.)Members: Piero BERNARDINI (Italian)Gonzalo BIGGS (Chilean)
MTD v. ChileDate Registered: September 30, 2004Composition:President: Gilbert GUILLAUME (French)Members: James R. CRAWFORD (Australian)Sara ORDOÑEZ NORIEGA (Colombian)
HNS v. United Arab EmiratesDate Registered: November 12, 2004Composition:President: Florentino P. FELICIANO (Philippine)Members: Omar NABULSI (Jordanian)Brigitte STERN (French)
JMML v. EgyptDate Registered: December 22, 2004Composition:President: Antonias C. DIMOLITSA (Greek) Members: Michael HWANG (Singaporean)José Luis SHAW (Uruguayan)
Lucchetti v. PeruDate Registered: July 01, 2005Composition: President: Hans DANELIUS (Swedish)Members: Andrea GIARDINA (Italian)Franklin BERMAN (British)
CMS Gas Transmission v. ArgentinaDate Registered: September 27, 2005Composition:President: Gilbert GUILLAUME (French)Members: Nabil ELARABY (Egyptian)James R. CRAWFORD (Australian)
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Azurix Corp. v. ArgentinaDate Registered: December 11, 2006Composition:President: Gavan GRIFFITH (Australian)Members: Bola AJIBOLA (Nigerian)Michael HWANG (Singaporean)
Siemens A.G. v. ArgentinaDate Registered: July 16, 2007Composition:President: Gilbert GUILLAUME (French)Members: Florentino P. FELICIANO (Philippine)Mohamed SHAHABUDDEEN (Guyanese)
Malaysian Historical Salvors v. MalaysiaDate Registered: September 17, 2007Composition:President: Stephen M. SCHWEBEL (U.S.)Members: Mohamed SHAHABUDDEEN (Guyanese)Peter TOMKA (Slovak)
AhmonsetoDate Registered: November 02, 2007Composition:President: Piero BERNARDINI (Italian)Members: Azzedine KETTANI (Moroccan)Peter TOMKA (Slovak)
M.C.I. Power GroupDate Registered: December 06, 2007Composition:President: Dominique HASCHER (French)Members: Hans DANELIUS (Swedish)Peter TOMKA (Slovak)
Fraport AGDate Registered: January 08, 2008Composition:President: Peter TOMKA (Slovak)Members: Dominique HASCHER (French)Campbell McLACHLAN (New Zealand)
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VI. Continuity in Composition Observations (2000 - Present)
• Out of 38 persons, 11 have served more than 1 time
• Generally, not in successive Committees
• 7 have served in 2 different Committees
• 3 have served in 3 different Committees
• 1 has served in the 4 last Committees → Return to continuity?
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Conclusion
• Proposed criteria largely matched
• Recent return to continuity but loss of Investors’ State / Host State balance
• Danger of sacrificing other criteria to continuity ?