COMPOSITES MATERIALS: TEST THEIR QUALITY WITH SGS/media/Local/France/Documents... · 2017. 11....
Transcript of COMPOSITES MATERIALS: TEST THEIR QUALITY WITH SGS/media/Local/France/Documents... · 2017. 11....
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COMPOSITES MATERIALS: TEST THEIR QUALITY WITH SGSComposites are undergoing rapid development, especially in helping to make industrial parts lighter. In this context, SGS is offering its expertise to define the features of Organic Matrix Composite materials (OMC) reinforced with fibers (carbons, glass, flax, etc.) for transport markets (automotive, aeronautical and space, rail, sea), sport and leisure, the building industry, defence and energy.
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CLIMATIC AGEING
Characterization tests may be combined with climatic ageing tests.
Indeed, SGS has one hundred or so climate chambers with temperatures ranging from -85°C to 300°C and humidity from 10 to 100%, with up to 84 m3 of floor area:
• ovens• chambers with programmable hot,
cold and humid conditions• chambers with rapid temperature
variations (up to 20°C/min in a climb without sample)
• thermal shocks
MECHANICAL CHARACTERIzATIONS
TYPE Of TESTS TEST METHODS
Tensile ISO527-4 et -5ASTM D3039NFEN 2561NFEN 2597
Tensile, filled hole ASTM D6742
Tensile, open hole ASTM D5766
Tensile, sandwich panel ASTM C297
Compression ISO604ASTM D695
Compression, filled hole ASTM D6742
Compression, open hole
ASTM D6484
Compression after impact (CAI)
ASTM D7137
End loading and ITTRI compression
ISO14126ASTM D3410
CLC compression ASTM D6641
3 and 4 point bending ISO14125NFEN2562ASTM D790RLT D411643
Flat and interlaminar shearing
ISO14130 NFEN2563ASTM D2344
Climbing drum peel test ASTMD1781 EN2243-3
G1C fracture toughness energy
EN6033ASTM D5528
Mixed mode fracture toughness energy
ASTM D6671
Expertise in the preparation of samples:
• specific machining of samples• bonding of gauges• bonding of tabs
In order to characterise your materials, the SGS laboratories have several machines:
• 4 machines (1 x 50 kN machine, 2 x 10 kN machines, 1 x 0.5 kN machine), 2 of which are fitted with climate chambers (ranging from -40° to 150°C)
• 1 new 250 kN machine with a thermal chamber (ranging from -80°C to 350°C), an alignment system meeting NADCAP requirements, a latest generation video extensometer and the tools required to carry out the following tests:
• tensile • compression• 3 and 4 point bending• flat and interlaminar shearing • climbing drum peel test • strain energy
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Several thermal analyses devices have been set up within the laboratory:
TGA: Thermogravimetric Analyser with a range of 23°C to 1000°C and including two weighing fields of 0 to 200mg and 0 to 1g. The TGA helps to determine:
• thedegradationtemperaturesofapolymer
• the kinetics of decomposition in an inert or oxidative atmosphere
• the volatile matter, additive, polymer and fillers contents in a material
TMA: Thermomechanical Analyser with a range of -150°C to 1000°C and including penetration or expansion probes. The TMA enables measurement of:
• thechangesindimensionsofamaterial under constant stress
• the linear thermal expansion coefficients (LTEC)
• glass and other transition temperatures
• delamination times
DMA: Dynamic mechanical analyser ranging from -150°C to 500°C, frequencies of 0.01 to 200Hz and force up to 18N. The DMA enables measurement of:
• theelasticitymodulus,thelossmodulus and the damping factor according to the frequency and/or the temperature
• theglasstransitiontemperatureofapolymer
HDT: Heat deflection temperature under load.
VICAT softening temperature.
MFI: Melt flow index.
DSC: Differential scanning calorimeter ranging from -180°C to 550°C and enabling determination of:
• glass,meltingandcrystallisationtransition temperatures
• thecrystallinityratethroughmeasurement of enthalpy of fusion
• thepolymerisationratethroughmeasurement of enthalpy of reaction
• oxydationinductiontime(dynamicOIT)
• specificheatcapacity
TYPE Of TESTS TEST METHODS
TGA ISO 11358ASTM E1131ASTM D3850
TMA ISO 11359ASTM E831ASTM E1545
DMA PrEN6032ASTM E1640ASTM D7028ASTM D4065ISO 6721-11NFEN61006
DSC ISO 11357
HDT ISO 75
VICAT ISO 306ASTM D1525FCA 50565
MFI ISO 1133ASTM D1238FIAT 50567FORD WSKM-4D732A1
Numerous physico-chemical analyses:
TYPE Of TESTS TEST METHODS
Density of plastics: immersion method
ISO1183-1ASTM D792
Volume or mass content of fibers and resinVoid content
NFEN2564ASTM D3171
Fiber and resin content, mass per unit area of prepregs
NFEN2559ASTM D3529NFEN2557NFEN2331
Determination of glass fiber content - calcination method
ISO1172
Volatile matter content NFEN 2558ASTM D3530
Barcol hardness ASTM D2583NF T57-106
Humidity absorption NFEN2378 PrEN3615
SGS provides its expertise in microscopic inspections:
• Pore size and content• Examination of the structure of
composite materials • Particle counting• Dimensional measurements
THERMAL ANALYSES
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSES
MICROSCOPE IMAGE ANALYSES
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OLfACTORY SENSORY ANALYSIS
The SGS sensory laboratory
has an air-conditioned assessment room with eight dimensioning cabins and an independent preparation room.
The sensory assessment is carried out by five trained and qualified panellists, whose performance and aptitude are regularly tested. The studies cover two areas:
• odour intensity assessment• identification of the nature of the
odour
The assessments may be carried out on materials or parts, in vials or in bags.
TYPE Of TESTS TEST METHODS
Odour intensity test on materials ASTM D4339ISO 5495PSA D10 5517 - intensity sectionVDA 270Volkswagen PV 3900SAE J1351Saab STD 1060Daimler DBL 5471 §4.17Mitsubishi ESX 83217 §4.5Volvo STD 1027,2712Ford BO 131-03GM/Opel GME 60276ISO16000-28
Identification of the nature of the odour through olfactory training on materials
Renault D49 3001PSA D10 5517- section describing re-dhibitory factorsToyota TS M0505G
Analysis on whole parts Renault D49 3046
Volatile matter content NFEN 2558 ASTM D3530
TEDLAR bag analysis Honda 8320Z-56D-E0/0-M1 §6.14Nissan M0160
fOGGING
The aim of the fogging tests is to determine, under the effect of a high temperature, the quantity of volatile products released by the various materials contained in the passenger compartment of a vehicle (the quantity that condenses on the inside of the windscreen). The assessments are made through:
• measurement of the gloss of the condensate
• weighing the condensate (gravimetry)
• measurement of the transparency (or haze) of the fogging
The SGS fogging laboratory is able to carry out these tests for all car manufacturers.
MANUfACTURERS TEST METHODS
RENAULTPSA
D45 1727D45 1727
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS DIN75 201 (A or B) SAEJ1756 EN 14288ISO6452
FORD BO 11603MA 0019
GENERAL MOTORSOPEL
GME 60326GMW 3235GM9305P
VOLKSWAGEN VW 50181VW 50180PV 3015PV 3920
VOLVO VCS 1027,2719STD 1027,2711STD 429-0003
TOYOTA TSM0503G
NISSAN M0161
HYUNDAI HYUNDAI
HONDA HESD6508
MATERIAL EMISSION TESTS: VOC, SENSORY AND fOGGING ANALYSIS (COfRAC ACCREDITED)
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VOC - VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Volatile organic compounds have a direct effect on health. Several standards representing the air quality have been set up to qualify and quantify the presence of these VOCs.The analyses of emissions produced by fi nished parts are carried out by taking air samples whilst the items are being packaged in test chambers such as the VCE1000 (1 m3) or SERCOV (50.9 L). The latter emission chamber is mainly required for carrying out the conditioning described in standard ISO16000-9 and recommended for the application of decree 2011- 321 of 23 March 2011: Labelling of building products, wall or fl oor coating products and paints and varnishes on their volatile pollutant emissions. SGS also has 2 emission micro-chambers. Samples are collected on TENAX tubes for analysis of the VOCs or on DNPH cartridges for analysis of aldehydes and ketones.
Volatile organic compound analyses may be carried out directly on the material or through gas sampling.
The BTEXS aromatic hydrocarbons,Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene and Styrene, and all the VOCs are monitored particularly using gas chromatography (GC/MS or GC/FID).
It is also important to monitor formaldehyde, used amongst other things in the manufacture of paints, adhesives, varnishes and maintenance products, as well as in the textile, leather and furnishing industries, in order to limit its spread to the inside of buildings and vehicle passenger compartments. It is possible to quantify its presence in a material using the high performance liquid phase chromatography technique to detect it.
4-tert-Butylbenzoic acid (TBBA) is a carboxylic acid. It in used in the plastics industry as an additive to stabilise PVC and resins. This analysis is carried out using GC-MS.
TYPE Of TESTS TEST METHODS
VOC analysis on parts Renault CDC 3700081
Total carbon mass concentration measurement
VDA 276
Toluene equivalent measurement of total VOCs and BTEXS measurement
Renault D493027
Measurement of aldehydes and ketones using HPLC
Renault D493085
Volatile matter content NFEN 2558ASTM D3530
VOC analysis on materials VDA 277VDA 278PSA 105495Volkswagen PV 3341Ford BZ157-01GM/Opel GMW 15634GM/Opel GMW8081Mitsubishi ESW83252Renault D423109Volvo STD 1027, 2714Volvo STD 429-0003Volvo VCS 1027,2749 DaimlerChrysler PB VWL 709 Nissan M0402Toyota TSM0508GSuzuki SESN2403Isuzu ISCF00001ISO 16000-25
Formaldehyde Renault D403004PSA D405535Volkswagen PV 3925GM/Opel GME60271GM/Opel GMW15635Fiat 7-G2090Volvo STD 1027,2713Volvo VCS 1027,2739 Volvo STD 4290002ISO14184-1ISOTS17226VDA 275
Building product emissions' analysis:- Conditioning in chamber (1m3 or 50.9L) - VOC analysis using GC/MS- Aldehyde and ketone analysis using HPLC
Decree 2011-321 of 23 march 2011:- ISO 16000-9- ISO 16000-6- ISO 16000-3
CONTACT
Tel.: 05 57 97 02 33 [email protected] www.sercovam.com - www.sgsgroup.fr COFRAC accredited test laboratory (ISO 17025)
Accreditations N°1-1526 & 1-2014Scope available at WWW.COFRAC.FR
CIR approval(R&D tax credit)COFRAC is widely
recognised via the ILAC agreements (International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation www.ilac.org)
AUTOMOTIVE OEMs AGREEMENTS
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