Composable Architecture & Design - Systems · PDF fileComposable Architecture & Design ......

Composable Architecture & Design Applying Product Line and Systems of Systems Concepts to the Design of Unique,

Complex Cyber-Physical Systems

12/03/2014 – Christopher Oster

About Me

• B.S. Computer Science, M.S. Computer Engineering –

Penn State University

• 11 years at Lockheed Martin

– Systems & Software Architect at Lockheed Martin Advanced

Technologies Lab, Chief Architect for DARPA Insight Program

• Research Interests

– Analytics

– Systems Thinking

– Decision Analysis

– Engineering Methodologies

– Systems Architecture

3 © 2014, Christopher Oster

Committee Chair and Members

• Chair: Dr. Jon Wade

• Members

– Dr. Rob Cloutier (Stevens, SSE)

– Dr. Souran Manoochehri (Stevens, Mechanical Engineering)

– Dr. Ricardo Valerdi (Arizona State)

– Mr. Sanford Friedenthal

© 2014, Christopher Oster

Problem Statement

• Product line and platform-based design approaches can drive

down the recurring cost of new unique mission systems, however

traditional product line approaches do not work well for system

families where each implementation has significantly unique

operational requirements (i.e. aerospace & defense)

• Organizations developing complex cyber-physical systems have

often struggled with realizing the full value of their organizational

intellectual property as structured, managed reuse has proven elusive, especially within the Aerospace & Defense market

• Composable design is a systems architecture and development

concept focusing on composing new systems from known components, designs, product lines and reference architectures

as opposed to focusing on "blank sheet" designs based on requirements decomposition alone


Traditional Product Lines

• “… A set of [systems]

that share a common,

managed set of

features satisfying the

specific needs of a

particular market

segment or mission and

that are developed

from a common set of

core assets in a

prescribed way” –

Carnegie Mellon SEI

6

Bosch’s Product Line Taxonomy [1]


Composable Architectures

• Capture variability through an overarching reference architecture, mathematical constraints (design rules) and a catalog of alternatives at the feature, component, subsystem (or system) level

• The system reference architecture establishes the design context for a composable, optimization-based decision support tool suite

• Mathematical rules indicate what selections are compatible with other selections, what requirements constrain specific design choices and what attribute values are allowed within the context of a valid system architecture

• The catalog model supports strategic reuse of existing components and designs by ensuring they are considered in context by architects during new system designs


Hypotheses

• Traditional product line design methods, centered on feature tree decomposition,

do not scale well into markets and problem types where constraining system

configurations to a limited set of variants is not desired, but where both

commonality and reuse of system and infrastructure elements are.

• A composable design approach for managing this class of product lines provides

a mechanism for strategically managing commonality while supporting high

variability in final products.

• The specific value of implementing a composable design framework in a given

organization will be tied to the impact of reuse of given elements (including design

elements, supporting infrastructure, intellectual property, etc) by category.

Specifically for the design, development, production and test of a cyber-physical

system, this value will exceed 25% of the cost of a system, as compared to a

design created “from scratch”.

• The implementation of a composable design framework for an organization will

drive up the likelihood of reuse of a given component over more traditional reuse

methodologies, increasing the value of a given reusable asset by greater than

25%.

Innovation and Contributions to Field

• Composable design provides a mechanism for

applying product line concepts to families of solutions

with widely varying mission use cases

• This research is providing the following contributions to

the systems engineering field

– Formalizing a composable data modeling methodology for

complex cyber-physical product families

– Developing and verifying a mathematical constraint

language and toolkit extending SysML to capture variability

rules and capability interfaces to ensure composed solutions are valid and mission compliant

– Designing and Implementing an optimization guided design synthesis capability applying a novel multi-tier design

optimization approach


Composable Design Reference Architecture

10

Composable System Reference Architecture

Structural Architecture

Model

Architectural Variability

Model

Component Capabilities

Model

System Verification

Model

System Optimization

Model

Cost Model

Variability Constraints

Model

SoS Mission/

Threat Models

SoS Mission/

Threat Models

SoS Mission/

Threat Models

Mission Analysis Models

SoS Mission/

Threat Models

SoS Mission/

Threat Models

SoS Mission/

Threat Models

Capability Performance

Models

Descriptive Model

Parametric Model

Analysis Model


Constraint-based Design

• Multiple sets of individual constraints allow architects to establish rules of design without pre-establishing a full feature tree common in product line approaches and variability modeling

11

Input 1

Input 2

Input 3

Input 4

Input 5

Input 6

Constraints

IC1: … IC2: … IC3: … SC1: … SC2: … SC3: …

Available Configs

Valid Configs

1. Establish constraint order based on data dependency graph

2. Navigate model for constraint input values 3. Populate execution framework with known data values 4. Execute independent constraints 5. For each available configuration

1. Execute each selection-dependent constraint in the constraint set

2. If all constraints pass, configuration is valid 3. If any constraint fail, record which constraint

resulted in failure and end 6. Populate results into output variables

and establish valid configuration list for this constraint 7. Move to next constraint set and repeat

Required_Component_Bandwidth must be

less than or equal to Total_Comms_Bandwidth

– SUM(Selected_Components_Bandwidth)


Approach – Guided Synthesis

• If we have… – Governing reference architecture

– Model-based relationships and constraints

– Links to digital design artifacts

– Analyses for system level KPPs

• We can optimize a system design for a given mission need, but… – Finding an optimal design is computationally challenging for a sufficiently complex system given the

combinatorics of the problem.

– This tiered approach is structured to allow for real-time assessment such that an architect can interactively design a near-optimal system.

12

Tier One: SoS Characterization

Tier Two: Tradespace Trimming

Tier Three: Guided Optimization

Mission Definition

System Architect

Representative Missions

Component Technologies

Candidate Configuration(s)

Batch Mode (offline)

Interactive

Reference Architecture

Selection Made


Tool Architecture


Results

• Predicted benefits of Composable Design

– Faster turnaround time for bids and bid architectures

– Better handoff of information from bid to program start

– Better control of organizational reuse

• Drive cost out of supply chain through common parts

• Increase the value of infrastructure investments

• Limit the cost of engineering release

• Initial pilot effort underway with Lockheed Martin

Conclusions/Future Research

• Composable Design methods provide a mechanism

for managing organizational intellectual property in a

value-driven way

• Methods and framework will continue to be

developed in accordance with the research design

previously discussed

• True impact of the methodology will be measured

through industry piloting.

– Lockheed Martin Space Systems pilot already underway

– Additional engagement from non-aerospace desired

Contact

Christopher Oster [email protected]

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