Components of IDEA Definitions Orthopedic Impairment (OI) –Dysfunction of bones, joints, limbs,...

Components of IDEA Definitions

• Orthopedic Impairment (OI)– Dysfunction of bones, joints, limbs, and associated muscles– Dysfunction of central nervous system affecting movement– Adversely affecting educational performance

• Other Health Impairment (OHI)– Limited strength, vitality, or alertness due to chronic or

acute health problems– Adversely affecting educational performance

• Many children with OI and OHI receive services under other categories

• Some do not require specialized educational servicesCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-1

Orthopedic Impairments

• Cerebral Palsy– Permanent disorder of voluntary movement and posture– Little relation between impairment and intellectual

development– Classified according to muscle tone and motor movement

• Spina Bifida– Congenital defect in the vertebra that enclose the spinal cord– Can result in paralysis below affected vertebra– Hydrocephalic condition common; treated with a shunt

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 12-2

Orthopedic Impairments

• Muscular Dystrophy– Progressive weakening and degeneration of the muscles– Little relation between impairment and intellectual

development

• Spinal Cord Injuries– Caused by fracture, stretching, or compression of spinal cord– Car accidents, sports injuries, and violence most common

causes– Result in paralysis below affected vertebra


Other Health Impairments

• Seizure disorder (epilepsy)– Caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain– Three different categories based on severity– Seizures can be controlled with medicine

• Diabetes– Chronic disorder of metabolism– Body unable to breakdown sugar– Treated with insulin, diet, and exercise


Other Health Impairments

• Asthma– Chronic lung disease resulting in a narrowing of airways– Leading cause of absenteeism in school

• Cystic Fibrosis– Genetic disorder affecting pulmonary and digestive systems

• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)– Children afforded legal protection under Section 504


Characteristics

• Children are more different than alike

– Classification based on symptoms of little use in educational planning

– For no other group of exceptional learner is the continuum of educational services more relevant

• Three important factors that affect educational needs

– Age of onset - children with congenital or acquired impairments have different needs

– Visibility - the visibility of impairment may cause some to underestimate the child’s abilities and limit opportunities


Traumatic Brain Injury

Definition• an acquired injury to the brain

– Resulting in total or partial functional disability – Adversely affects a child’s educational performance

• TBI is the most common acquired disability in childhood


Educational Approaches for Children with OI, OHI, and TBI

• Often involve the collaboration of an interdisciplinary team– Teachers– Physical, occupational, and speech therapists,– Other health care specialists (e.g., heath care aids)

• Children with physical disabilities may also need environmental modifications– Examples include, wheelchair accessible classrooms, or

other assistive technology

• Inclusive attitude on the part of teaches and non-disabled peers– Students should be encouraged to develop as much

independence as possible


Current Issues and Future Trends

• Related services in the classroom– Teachers will need to make accommodations for related

services in the classroom• New and emerging technology

– Myoelectric (bionic) limbs– Robotics

• Animal assistance– Canine helpers in the classroom

• Employment, life skills, and self-advocacy– Vocational and professional opportunities must be

expanded


Components of IDEA Definitions Orthopedic Impairment (OI) –Dysfunction of bones, joints, limbs,...

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