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Complications list for Viral Hepatitis:

The list of complications that have been mentioned in various sources for Viral Hepatitis includes:

Arthritis-like problems (seeJoint pain)

Fulminant hepatitis B (seeLiver symptoms) - very rare

Chronic Hepatitis - i.e. becoming a carrier of the disease

Chronic Hepatitis B

Chronic Hepatitis C

URL: http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/v/viral_hepatitis/complic.htm , June 23, 2010.

Complications of viral hepatitisinclude:

Bleeding

Chronic hepatitis

Cirrhosis

Encephalopathy:

o Liver disease that causesconfusionand excessive sleepiness

Liver cancer

Liver failure

Malnutrition

Continue to Viral Hepatitis Underlying Cause

URL: http://www.freemd.com/viral-hepatitis/complications.htm

Complications

1) Persistant infection:-

Following acute infection, approximately 5% of infected individuals fail to eliminate

the virus completely and become persistantly infected.

Those who are at particular risk include:

babies, young children

immunocompromised patients

males > females

The virus persists in the hepatocytes and on-going liver damage occurs because of

the host immune response against the infected liver cells.

Chronic infection may take one of two forms:

Chronic persistent Hepatitis - the virus persists, but there is minimal liver damage

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Chronic Active Hepatitis - There is aggressive destruction of liver tissue and rapid

progression to cirrhosis or liver failure.

2) Patients who become persistently infected are at risk of developing hepatocellular

carcinoma (HCC)..

HBV is thought to play a role in the development of this malignancy because:

a) 80% of patients with HCC are carriers of hepatitis B.

b) Virus DNA can be identified in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

c) Virus DNA can integrate into the host chromosome.

3) Fulminant Hepatitis

Rare; accounts for 1% of infections.

URL: http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/mmi/jmoodie/dihep.html

Symptoms and Complications of Hepatitis A and B

Hepatitis A has an incubation period (the time between infection and first symptoms) of 2 to 6weeks. Hepatitis B only shows itself after 2 to 6 months.

Flu-like warning symptoms (called aprodrome) often appear about 3 to 10 days before liver symptoms

arrive. Symptoms include low-grade fever, muscle aches, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue.Smokers may find they suddenly dislike smoking. In hepatitis B, these symptoms may be accompanied by

joint pains and skin eruptions resembling urticaria (hives).

After this, the urine may darken and jaundice may appear. In jaundice, the skin and the whites of the eyestake on a yellow tint. The inflamed liver is not able to perform its usual metabolic functions so that asubstance called bilirubin (a byproduct from old red blood cells that also causes bile to be yellow) builds up

in the body. Bile is a fluid secreted by the liver that contains cholesterol, bile salts, and waste products suchas bilirubin.

Usually, you start to feel better when the jaundice arrives, even though you continue to lookworse. The jaundice only lasts for about one week in hepatitis A infection. After that you start to recoverand will generally feel and look yourself again within a month. Rarely, hepatitis A may come back briefly amonth later, but won't last long. After recovering from hepatitis A, you're immune for life.

With hepatitis B, the jaundice lasts for about two weeks. However, the hepatitis B infection doesn'talways get cleared out of the system. If this happens, you will probably not have any symptoms, butyou'll be a lifelong "carrier" and must take special precautions such as warning sexual partners. You mayalso suffer from chronic liver inflammation (chronic viral hepatitis) for the rest of your life.

Chronic hepatitis B is most likely to occur in infants (around a 90% chance if infected in the first year of life)and least likely in adults (5% chance overall). It can lead to cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver. It also increases

the risk of developing liver cancer.

URL: http://www.medbroadcast.com/condition_info_details.asp?disease_id=69, Lastreviewed: March 8, 2010

What is the pathophysiology of hepatitis?

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Answer:Although HCV can be found in multiple sites throughout the bodyincluding the liver, at a tangent bloodmononuclear cells, dendritic cell, epithelium, and even the central diffident system, HCV replicates in thehepatocytes. However, it is ultimately hepatotoxic. Viral replication occurs through an RNA-dependentRNA polymerase process. Lymphocytes spot infected cells and initiate an immune responseto controlthe virus. Viral clearance is associated near the development and doggedness of strong, virus-specificresponses by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and T helper cell. Because of the rapid evolution of diverse

quasispecies inwardly an infected person, even a brisk B cell (eg, antibody) response to hepatitis C havebeen not enough to clear theinfection, as the virus represents a "moving target" to the immune system.For the same apology, the progress in nouns of a vaccine to protect patients from an initial infectionhasbe slow.7

Damage to the liverparenchyma is mediated by inflammatory cytokines. Persistent inflammatorypeacekeeping troops activate stellate cell in the liver parenchyma and this results surrounded by variousdegree ofhepaticfibrosis. Why some patients develop progressive fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis andothers do not is unknown, but some predictors ofprogressionhave be identified, and include male sex,

age at beginning ofinfection, and the use ofalcohol.

--HCV (Hep C) is notorious for cause chronic viral hepatitis.--The virus enters and injures hepatocytes--Chronicinflammatory response develops

--Eventualprogressionto cirrhosis resulting within liver failure and departure

Viral? The virus itself does not harm the liver, however, by sagging out there it cause animmuneresponse that results in inflammatory change. Thechronic inflammatory state is what damages the liver.So basically surrounded by the presence of the virus our body wages war on ourliver, hurting it,slaughter it and turning it cirrhotic.

in hepatitis, the liver cell get infected by virus. thus they swells up as there isinflammation. thusthe bile ducts surrounded by between the cells get obstructed rasulting into rise ofbilirubinin blood.disappear activities ofhepaticcell also adds to it. thusjaundice occur

The word hepatitismeans - inflammation of the liver. This can be cause by a multitude of reasons:

viral - the cell of theliver are attacked by avirus

bacterial - the cells of the liveror the ducts of the portal system are irritated and subsequently infected

for some intention, i.e. gall stones

drug induced - whether licit or illicit, mostdrugs are metabolised and excreted by the liver. In roomy

doses these can become toxic to the liver and hepatitis can occur.

Your grill on pathophysiologyshould be more specific to what the potential cause of the hepatitis is

however commonly, it is just the chiefinflammationof the liver cells reducing the efficacy of the organ

thereby potentially cause multiple problems.

URL:http://www.dcqna.com/diseases-conditions/21677-y51.html

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