Complex Lipids
description
Transcript of Complex Lipids
![Page 1: Complex Lipids](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56816608550346895dd93d9b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
COMPLEX LIP
IDS
B Y WE S ² A
N D BA I L
E Y
![Page 2: Complex Lipids](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56816608550346895dd93d9b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
STRUCTURES• Triglycerides are significant components of fat storage cells.• Complex lipids are important because they constitute the
main components of membranes.
![Page 3: Complex Lipids](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56816608550346895dd93d9b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
CLASSIFIED IN 2 GROUPS• Phospholipids – contain an alcohol, 2 fatty acids, and a
phosphate group.• Two types• Glycerophospholipids- alcohol is a glycerol.• Sphengolipids – alcohol is sphingosine.
![Page 4: Complex Lipids](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56816608550346895dd93d9b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
CONT’D • Glycolipids – complex lipids that contain carbohydrates.
![Page 5: Complex Lipids](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56816608550346895dd93d9b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
ROLES• Complex lipids form the membranes around body cells and
around small structures inside the cells.• These are called Organelles.
• Unsaturated fatty acids are important components of these lipids.
• Most lipids contain at least one unsaturated fatty acids.
![Page 6: Complex Lipids](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56816608550346895dd93d9b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
CELL MEMBRANES• Cell membranes separate cells from the environment and
provide transport for nutrients and waste products into and out of cells.• These membranes are called – Lipid Bilayers.
![Page 7: Complex Lipids](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56816608550346895dd93d9b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
LIPID BILAYERS• The arrangement of lipid bilayers leaves the hydrophilic
heads projecting to the inner and outer surfaces of the membranes.
• The unsaturated fatty acids prevent the tight packing of the hydrophobic chains in the lipid bilayer, providing a liquid-like character to the membranes.
• Effect is similar to the one that causes unsaturated fatty acids to have lower melting points than saturated fatty acids.
![Page 8: Complex Lipids](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56816608550346895dd93d9b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
LIPIDS CONT’D• The lipid part of the membrane serves as a barrier against
any movement of ions or polar compounds into and out of the cells.
![Page 9: Complex Lipids](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56816608550346895dd93d9b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
MOSAIC MODEL• A mosaic model of membranes allows the passage of
nonpolar compounds by diffusion.
![Page 10: Complex Lipids](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56816608550346895dd93d9b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
WHAT ARE GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS?• Very similar to fats • Membrane components of cells throughout the body• The alcohol is glycerol• If the alcohol is chlorine, a quaternary ammonium
compound, the glycerophospholipids are called phosphatidyl – cholines
• Common name is – Lecithin
![Page 11: Complex Lipids](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56816608550346895dd93d9b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
LECITHIN• The typical lecithin molecule has stearic acid on one end
and linoleic acid in the middle. • Lecithin is a major component in egg yolk
• Includes both polar and nonpolar portions within one molecule.• Excellent emulsifier• Used in mayonnaise as well.
• Lecithin is a negatively charged phosphate group and a positively charged nitrogen from the choline.
• Lecithin is only one example of glycerophospholipids.
![Page 12: Complex Lipids](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56816608550346895dd93d9b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
CEPHALINS• Similar to lecithins in every way except that, instead of
choline, they contain alcohols, such as ethanolamine, or serine.
![Page 13: Complex Lipids](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56816608550346895dd93d9b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS (PI)• Another important group is phosphatidylinositols or (PI).
• Alcohol inositol is bonded to the rest of the molecule by a phosphate ester bond.
![Page 14: Complex Lipids](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56816608550346895dd93d9b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
WHAT ARE SPHINGOLIPIDS?• Myelin → Coating of the nerve axons, contains a different
kinds of complex lipid.• Sphingolipids → alcohol portion is sphingosine.• Not randomly distributed in membranes.
![Page 15: Complex Lipids](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56816608550346895dd93d9b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
CERAMIDE• The combination of a fatty acid and sphingosine is called the
ceramide portion of the molecule, because many of these compounds are also found in cerebrosides.
• The ceramide part of complex lipids may contain different fatty acids.
![Page 16: Complex Lipids](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56816608550346895dd93d9b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
SPHINGOMYELIN• Sphingomyelin → most important lipids in the myelin
sheaths of nerve cells and are associated with diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
![Page 17: Complex Lipids](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56816608550346895dd93d9b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
WHAT ARE GLYCOLIPIDS?• Complex lipids that contain carbohydrates and ceramides.
![Page 18: Complex Lipids](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56816608550346895dd93d9b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
TYPES OF GLYCOLIPIDS• Cerebrosides – consists of ceramide, and mono or
oligosaccharides.• In cerebrosides the fatty acid of the ceramide part may contain either
18 carbon or 24 carbon chains.• Gangliosides – Contain a more complex carbohydrate
structure.
• The latter form is only found in these complex lipids*