MARKET ACCESS SECRETARIAT Global Analysis Report

Competitive Trade Analysis

Belgium October 2015

REPORT CONTENT SUMMARY • This report looks to highlight the major sectors in Belgium, and

attempts to identify the best opportunities for Canadian exports.

• Specifically, the data analysis that follows focuses on the top ten Belgian imports by major aggregate sector, of which Canada is a supplier. It identifies the gap between Belgium’s imports from the world and the proportion provided by Canada, and then outlines top international competitors.

• Unless otherwise specified, all figures in this document are based on import data as reported by Eurostat, and were sourced from Global Trade Atlas (2015).

BELGIAN MARKET SUMMARY • Belgium is the ninth-largest importer of agri-food and seafood

products in the world, and the sixth-largest among members of the European Union (EU) with a value of C$47.6 billion in 2014. Belgium is also the world’s ninth-largest agri-food and seafood exporter (fifth-largest in the EU), and recorded a trade surplus of C$4.5 billion in 2014, with C$52.1 billion in exports.

• Top agri-food and seafood suppliers include the Netherlands with 25.6% of total import value, France (21.8%), and Germany (11.4%). Canada was Belgium’s 12th-largest import provider in 2014, representing C$491.4 million, or just over 1.0% of the market.

• Belgium’s agri-food and seafood imports from Canada have been increasing at a slower rate than Belgium’s imports from the world. This has resulted in a widening supply gap not only overall, but among all ten of Belgium’s top import commodities.

Note: Please see the Annex at the end of this document for a list of abbreviations that will be used throughout this report.

CONTENTS Report Content Summary ...............1 Belgian Market Summary ................1 Trade Overview ...............................2 Top Ten Agri-Food and Seafood Commodity Imports .........................4

1. Dairy, Eggs and Honey ..........4 2. Edible Fruit and Nuts ..............6 3. Beverages ..............................8 4. Preserved Food ................... 10 5. Cocoa and Cocoa Preparations ........................ 12 6. Cereals ................................ 14 7. Food Waste and Animal Feed ........................ 16 8. Oilseeds .............................. 18 9. Fats and Oils ....................... 20 10. Vegetables ........................ 22

Conclusion .................................... 24 For More Information .................... 24 Resources .................................... 24 Annex: Abbreviations ................... 24

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TRADE OVERVIEW Belgium is the ninth-largest importer and exporter of agri-food and seafood products in the world. It also ranks as the sixth-largest importer and fifth-largest exporter of agri-food and seafood products in the EU. The country recorded an agri-food and seafood trade surplus of C$4.5 billion in 2014, with imports valued at C$47.6 billion and C$52.1 billion in exports. Sourcing a diverse range of agri-food and seafood products from international suppliers, key import commodities include dairy, eggs and honey (10.2% of total imports), edible fruit and nuts (8.9%) and beverages (7.7%). The top three supplying countries of overall agri-food and seafood imports are the Netherlands, France and Germany. Canada is ranked 12th among supplying countries to Belgium, and registered an increase in market share in 2014 over the previous year.

Belgium’s Top Ten Suppliers of Agri-Food and Seafood Products, C$ Millions

Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 CAGR % 2010-14

World 35,327.77 40,953.29 39,717.21 43,291.08 47,609.90 7.74 1 Netherlands 8,677.18 10,156.76 9,774.91 11,367.19 12,172.91 8.83 2 France 8,154.72 9,582.41 9,376.77 9,925.42 10,363.25 6.17 3 Germany 3,814.58 4,315.84 4,347.30 4,894.91 5,402.17 9.09 4 Brazil 1,004.92 1,229.85 1,173.06 1,229.76 1,562.78 11.67 5 Italy 1,103.47 1,231.75 1,217.47 1,342.82 1,494.04 7.87 6 Spain 1,143.72 1,196.60 1,256.83 1,350.35 1,434.67 5.83 7 United Kingdom 996.23 1,271.07 1,324.40 1,269.74 1,257.90 6.00 8 United States 592.72 769.66 683.94 769.26 863.36 9.86 9 Colombia 693.81 721.68 616.03 592.53 647.93 -1.70 10 Poland 382.32 416.07 401.04 527.90 605.91 12.20 12 Canada 410.35 437.04 376.16 423.02 491.35 4.61

Belgium’s Top Ten Suppliers of Agri-Food and Seafood Products, % Share

Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 PP Change 2010-14

1 Netherlands 24.56 24.80 24.61 26.26 25.57 1.01 2 France 23.08 23.40 23.61 22.93 21.77 -1.31 3 Germany 10.80 10.54 10.95 11.31 11.35 0.55 4 Brazil 2.84 3.00 2.95 2.84 3.28 0.44 5 Italy 3.12 3.01 3.07 3.10 3.14 0.02 6 Spain 3.24 2.92 3.16 3.12 3.01 -0.23 7 United Kingdom 2.82 3.10 3.33 2.93 2.64 -0.18 8 United States 1.68 1.88 1.72 1.78 1.81 0.13 9 Colombia 1.96 1.76 1.55 1.37 1.36 -0.60 10 Poland 1.08 1.02 1.01 1.22 1.27 0.19 12 Canada 1.16 1.07 0.95 0.98 1.03 -0.13

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Canada has a substantial supply gap with Belgium that has been increasing at rate almost identical to Belgium’s agri-food and seafood import growth. Canada holds just marginal market share in each of Belgium’s top ten import commodities, presenting opportunities to further supply the country’s growing demand. This may prove particularly true in light of the Canada-European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA). However, while Belgium has a diverse supplier list, totalling 173 countries in 2014, Belgium’s primary trading partners are fellow members of the European Union (representing seven of the top ten suppliers, or over 68% of the market), signalling a concentrated supply environment.

Agri-Food and Seafood Products Supply Gap, C$ Millions

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 CAGR % 2010-14

Belgium’s imports from the world 35,327.77 40,953.29 39,717.21 43,291.08 47,609.90 7.74

Belgium’s imports from Canada 410.35 437.04 376.16 423.02 491.35 4.61

Supply gap 34,917.42 40,516.24 39,341.05 42,868.07 47,118.54 7.78 Dairy, eggs and honey represented Belgium’s top-grossing import commodity in 2014, with a value of C$4.8 billion, or 10.2% of overall agri-food and seafood imports. Across the 2010 to 2014 period, dairy, eggs and honey was a mid-range performer in terms of value sales growth, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.8%. The slightly smaller categories of preserved food and cocoa and cocoa preparations were the strongest growing commodities over the period, with CAGRs of 12.2% and 12.1% respectively.

Belgium’s Top Ten Agri-Food and Seafood Commodity Imports from the World, C$ Millions

Rank HS Code Commodity 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 CAGR %

2010-14

Total agri-food and seafood imports 35,327.77 40,953.29 39,717.21 43,291.08 47,609.90 7.74

1 04 Dairy, eggs and honey 3,455.93 4,028.30 3,676.25 4,365.38 4,842.95 8.80

2 08 Edible fruit and nuts 3,506.77 3,645.13 3,497.58 3,860.61 4,245.94 4.90

3 22 Beverages 2,765.11 2,996.31 3,111.83 3,274.44 3,653.44 7.21

4 20 Preserved food 1,781.06 2,049.04 1,945.10 2,388.01 2,817.20 12.15

5 18 Cocoa and cocoa preparations 1,756.38 1,999.97 1,746.30 2,034.43 2,768.22 12.05

6 10 Cereals 1,723.72 2,269.55 2,584.76 2,662.11 2,550.48 10.29

7 23 Food waste and animal feed 1,736.91 1,997.80 2,024.59 2,300.42 2,521.12 9.76

8 12 Oilseeds 1,862.10 2,356.24 2,376.27 2,169.73 2,518.03 7.84

9 15 Fats and oils 1,869.73 2,766.50 2,303.11 2,525.19 2,454.52 7.04

10 07 Vegetables 1,653.90 1,801.92 1,803.96 2,184.44 2,155.34 6.84

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TOP TEN AGRI-FOOD AND SEAFOOD COMMODITY IMPORTS 1. DAIRY, EGGS AND HONEY

Belgium’s Top Ten Suppliers of Dairy, Eggs and Honey, C$ Millions

Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 CAGR % 2010-14

World 3,455.93 4,028.30 3,676.25 4,365.38 4,842.95 8.80 Netherlands 1,108.79 1,342.63 1,272.01 1,533.80 1,680.13 10.95 France 1,008.31 1,136.17 1,049.45 1,124.02 1,241.53 5.34 Germany 624.86 717.95 700.28 862.20 1,027.69 13.25 United Kingdom 179.91 228.72 169.80 194.16 185.07 0.71 Italy 107.83 119.69 114.99 129.72 158.89 10.18 Ireland 145.27 187.49 102.93 160.08 156.53 1.88 Denmark 30.81 52.03 42.19 71.28 74.61 24.74 New Zealand 0.90 4.16 16.75 46.32 52.74 176.57 China 27.02 26.90 28.01 36.41 45.72 14.05 Poland 31.91 39.55 26.38 40.18 37.18 3.89 (35) Canada 0.55 0.01 0.35 0.37 0.57 0.77

Belgium’s Top Ten Suppliers of Dairy, Eggs and Honey, % Share

Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 PP Change 2010-14

Netherlands 32.08 33.33 34.60 35.14 34.69 2.61 France 29.18 28.20 28.55 25.75 25.64 -3.54 Germany 18.08 17.82 19.05 19.75 21.22 3.14 United Kingdom 5.21 5.68 4.62 4.45 3.82 -1.39 Italy 3.12 2.97 3.13 2.97 3.28 0.16 Ireland 4.20 4.65 2.80 3.67 3.23 -0.97 Denmark 0.89 1.29 1.15 1.63 1.54 0.65 New Zealand 0.03 0.10 0.46 1.06 1.09 1.06 China 0.78 0.67 0.76 0.83 0.94 0.16 Poland 0.92 0.98 0.72 0.92 0.77 -0.15 (35) Canada 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.01

Dairy, Eggs and Honey Supply Gap, C$ Millions

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 CAGR % 2010-14

Belgium’s imports from the world 3,455.93 4,028.30 3,676.25 4,365.38 4,842.95 8.80

Belgium’s imports from Canada 0.55 0.01 0.35 0.37 0.57 0.77

Supply gap 3,455.37 4,028.29 3,675.90 4,365.00 4,842.38 8.80

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Belgium’s Top Five Dairy, Eggs and Honey Product Imports, C$ Millions

HS Code Product Description 2012 2013 2014 CAGR %

2012-14

040690 Cheese, including cheddar and Colby, not elsewhere specified 937.75 1,058.24 1,203.58 13.29

040120 Milk and cream with fat content between 1% and 6% by weight 377.83 472.50 634.85 29.63

040510 Butter 330.94 437.23 482.59 20.76

040210 Milk and cream in solid forms (powder, granules, etc.), ≤1.5% fat content by weight

293.76 289.11 323.52 4.94

040150 Milk and cream with >10% fat content by weight, not concentrated or sweetened

224.76 314.15 313.55 18.11

Belgium’s Top Five Dairy, Eggs and Honey Product Imports and Top Supplying Countries, 2014

HS

Code Product Description Market Share % Canada’s

% Share 1 2 3

040690 Cheese, including cheddar and Colby, not elsewhere specified

Netherlands 38.21

France 32.76

Germany 14.73 N/A

040120 Milk and cream with fat content between 1% and 6% by weight

Germany 46.83

Netherlands 37.64

France 13.68 N/A

040510 Butter Netherlands 46.33

France 12.24

Germany 12.17 N/A

040210 Milk and cream in solid forms (powder, granules, etc.), ≤1.5% fat content by weight

Germany 37.05

France 27.43

Netherlands 27.31 N/A

040150 Milk and cream with >10% fat content by weight, not concentrated or sweetened

Netherlands 61.85

France 16.63

Germany 10.08 N/A

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2. EDIBLE FRUIT AND NUTS

Belgium’s Top Ten Suppliers of Edible Fruit and Nuts, C$ Millions

Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 CAGR % 2010-14

World 3,506.77 3,645.13 3,497.58 3,860.61 4,245.94 4.90 Colombia 629.06 634.05 549.52 513.19 552.66 -3.19 Netherlands 327.82 353.53 368.87 452.04 498.10 11.03 Spain 317.12 313.63 339.48 394.21 396.34 5.73 Costa Rica 405.05 392.52 324.90 303.92 391.46 -0.85 Ecuador 352.23 365.37 332.62 306.72 326.44 -1.88 France 193.41 203.51 218.47 250.58 265.30 8.22 New Zealand 157.86 187.15 156.17 168.82 221.45 8.83 Germany 79.45 95.52 139.23 188.14 192.16 24.71 United States 106.63 129.80 127.96 144.29 166.82 11.84 Cameroon 61.55 80.17 73.59 105.19 141.29 23.09 (31) Canada 7.36 14.62 17.74 13.74 12.10 13.23

Belgium’s Top Ten Suppliers of Edible Fruit and Nuts, % Share

Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 PP Change 2010-14

Colombia 17.94 17.39 15.71 13.29 13.02 -4.92 Netherlands 9.35 9.70 10.55 11.71 11.73 2.38 Spain 9.04 8.60 9.71 10.21 9.33 0.29 Costa Rica 11.55 10.77 9.29 7.87 9.22 -2.33 Ecuador 10.04 10.02 9.51 7.94 7.69 -2.35 France 5.52 5.58 6.25 6.49 6.25 0.73 New Zealand 4.50 5.13 4.47 4.37 5.22 0.72 Germany 2.27 2.62 3.98 4.87 4.53 2.26 United States 3.04 3.56 3.66 3.74 3.93 0.89 Cameroon 1.76 2.20 2.10 2.72 3.33 1.57 (31) Canada 0.21 0.40 0.51 0.36 0.29 0.08

Edible Fruit and Nuts Supply Gap, C$ Millions

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 CAGR % 2010-14

Belgium’s imports from the world 3,506.77 3,645.13 3,497.58 3,860.61 4,245.94 4.90

Belgium’s imports from Canada 7.36 14.62 17.74 13.74 12.10 13.23

Supply gap 3,499.41 3,630.51 3,479.84 3,846.87 4,233.84 4.88

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Belgium’s Top Five Edible Fruit and Nut Product Imports, C$ Millions

HS Code Product Description 2012 2013 2014 CAGR %

2012-14

080390 Fresh/dried bananas 1,386.58 1,452.71 1,625.42 8.27

081050 Fresh kiwi fruit (Chinese gooseberries) 155.23 171.36 223.50 19.99

080810 Fresh apples 158.82 193.36 169.36 3.27

080430 Fresh/dried pineapples 146.97 142.68 155.04 2.71

080212 Fresh/dried shelled almonds 77.03 112.89 152.67 40.79

Belgium’s Top Five Edible Fruit and Nut Product Imports and Top Supplying Countries, 2014

HS

Code Product Description Market Share % Canada’s

% Share 1 2 3

080390 Fresh/dried bananas Colombia 32.80

Ecuador 19.09

Costa Rica 16.86 N/A

081050 Fresh kiwi fruit (Chinese gooseberries)

New Zealand 74.98

Italy 10.33

France 7.04 N/A

080810 Fresh apples New Zealand 31.59

France 31.48

Netherlands 18.64 N/A

080430 Fresh/dried pineapples Costa Rica 70.50

Netherlands 8.62

Côte d'Ivoire 6.89 N/A

080212 Fresh/dried shelled almonds United States 56.24

Spain 19.73

Netherlands 9.94 N/A

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3. BEVERAGES *does not include juices

Belgium’s Top Ten Suppliers of Beverages, C$ Millions

Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 CAGR % 2010-14

World 2,765.11 2,996.31 3,111.83 3,274.44 3,653.44 7.21 France 1,329.62 1,464.02 1,463.14 1,439.09 1,692.39 6.22 Netherlands 286.22 277.11 289.14 336.01 389.67 8.02 Germany 320.48 350.54 314.05 329.79 363.34 3.19 Spain 140.66 149.22 150.95 178.68 220.79 11.93 United Kingdom 139.29 163.56 284.71 334.09 220.66 12.19 Italy 125.12 138.02 162.01 186.88 207.41 13.47 Austria 72.56 84.91 117.91 128.79 158.10 21.49 Portugal 61.18 62.17 57.68 62.36 68.08 2.71 Luxembourg 40.71 40.56 37.98 47.51 56.55 8.56 United States 17.26 26.79 29.92 28.44 39.63 23.10 (45) Canada 0.15 0.62 0.32 0.31 0.31 19.33

Belgium’s Top Ten Suppliers of Beverages, % Share

Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 PP Change 2010-14

France 48.09 48.86 47.02 43.95 46.32 -1.77 Netherlands 10.35 9.25 9.29 10.26 10.67 0.32 Germany 11.59 11.70 10.09 10.07 9.95 -1.64 Spain 5.09 4.98 4.85 5.46 6.04 0.95 United Kingdom 5.04 5.46 9.15 10.20 6.04 1.00 Italy 4.53 4.61 5.21 5.71 5.68 1.15 Austria 2.62 2.83 3.79 3.93 4.33 1.71 Portugal 2.21 2.07 1.85 1.90 1.86 -0.35 Luxembourg 1.47 1.35 1.22 1.45 1.55 0.08 United States 0.62 0.89 0.96 0.87 1.08 0.46 (45) Canada 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00

Beverages Supply Gap, C$ Millions

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 CAGR % 2010-14

Belgium’s imports from the world 2,765.11 2,996.31 3,111.83 3,274.44 3,653.44 7.21

Belgium’s imports from Canada 0.15 0.62 0.32 0.31 0.31 19.33

Supply gap 2,764.96 2,995.70 3,111.51 3,274.13 3,653.13 7.21

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Belgium’s Top Five Beverage Product Imports, C$ Millions

HS Code Product Description 2012 2013 2014 CAGR %

2012-14

220421 Wine of fresh grapes, other than sparkling, ≤2 litres 797.38 850.80 913.72 7.05

220210 Sweetened or flavoured waters, including mineral and aerated 605.79 510.61 714.00 8.56

220410 Sparkling wine of fresh grapes 327.48 370.77 390.29 9.17

220110 Natural or artificial mineral and aerated waters, not sweetened or flavoured

198.95 265.34 332.05 29.19

220300 Beer made from malt 363.99 354.70 277.53 -12.68

Belgium’s Top Five Beverage Product Imports and Top Supplying Countries, 2014

HS

Code Product Description Market Share % Canada’s

% Share 1 2 3

220421 Wine of fresh grapes, other than sparkling, ≤2 litres

France 57.07

Italy 9.01

Portugal 6.79 <0.01

220210 Sweetened or flavoured waters, including mineral and aerated

France 46.69

Austria 21.10

Netherlands 17.12 <0.01

220410 Sparkling wine of fresh grapes France 56.02

Spain 23.90

Italy 8.28 <0.01

220110 Natural or artificial mineral and aerated waters, not sweetened or flavoured

France 87.72

Italy 4.23

Germany 3.58 N/A

220300 Beer made from malt France 24.72

Netherlands 24.37

United Kingdom 19.58 <0.01

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4. PRESERVED FOOD

Belgium’s Top Ten Suppliers of Preserved Food, C$ Millions

Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 CAGR % 2010-14

World 1,781.06 2,049.04 1,945.10 2,388.01 2,817.20 12.15 Brazil 446.07 494.56 475.01 769.99 1,079.51 24.73 Netherlands 307.83 332.01 328.24 363.58 439.13 9.29 France 309.44 357.41 347.64 375.99 355.42 3.52 Germany 216.52 244.74 234.02 262.29 282.05 6.83 Italy 110.40 108.33 104.33 122.52 132.17 4.60 United States 50.05 109.18 72.97 97.47 95.99 17.68 Turkey 59.81 85.17 71.62 64.99 88.68 10.35 Spain 49.55 56.55 52.26 64.07 62.24 5.87 Greece 19.84 19.43 23.45 23.98 29.31 10.25 Hungary 28.96 25.84 28.35 24.83 27.33 -1.44 (32) Canada 0.78 2.06 1.31 1.75 2.19 29.46

Belgium’s Top Ten Suppliers of Preserved Food, % Share

Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 PP Change 2010-14

Brazil 25.05 24.14 24.42 32.24 38.32 13.27 Netherlands 17.28 16.20 16.87 15.23 15.59 -1.69 France 17.37 17.44 17.87 15.74 12.62 -4.75 Germany 12.16 11.94 12.03 10.98 10.01 -2.15 Italy 6.20 5.29 5.36 5.13 4.69 -1.51 United States 2.81 5.33 3.75 4.08 3.41 0.60 Turkey 3.36 4.16 3.68 2.72 3.15 -0.21 Spain 2.78 2.76 2.69 2.68 2.21 -0.57 Greece 1.11 0.95 1.21 1.00 1.04 -0.07 Hungary 1.63 1.26 1.46 1.04 0.97 -0.66 (32) Canada 0.04 0.10 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.04

Preserved Food Supply Gap, C$ Millions

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 CAGR % 2010-14

Belgium’s imports from the world 1,781.06 2,049.04 1,945.10 2,388.01 2,817.20 12.15

Belgium’s imports from Canada 0.78 2.06 1.31 1.75 2.19 29.46

Supply gap 1,780.28 2,046.98 1,943.79 2,386.26 2,815.01 12.14

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Belgium’s Top Five Preserved Food Product Imports, C$ Millions

HS Code Product Description 2012 2013 2014 CAGR %

2012-14

200919 Orange juice (not frozen), with a brix value between 20 and 67 372.12 548.58 725.35 39.62

200912 Orange juice (not frozen), with a brix value <20 267.23 412.51 565.47 45.47

200819 Prepared/preserved nuts and seeds (excluding peanuts), including mixtures

107.29 116.84 137.37 13.15

200410 Prepared/preserved frozen potatoes, including French fries 102.36 101.73 112.19 4.69

200599 Prepared/preserved vegetables and vegetable mixtures (not frozen)

92.32 100.15 106.79 7.55

Belgium’s Top Five Preserved Food Product Imports and Top Supplying Countries, 2014

HS

Code Product Description Market Share % Canada’s

% Share 1 2 3

200919 Orange juice (not frozen), with a brix value between 20 and 67

Brazil 89.77

Netherlands 3.93

Germany 2.07 N/A

200912 Orange juice (not frozen), with a brix value <20

Brazil 75.61

United States 12.17

Germany 6.46 N/A

200819 Prepared/preserved nuts and seeds (excluding peanuts), including mixtures

Turkey 35.24

Germany 21.09

Italy 11.28 <0.01

200410 Prepared/preserved frozen potatoes, including French fries

Netherlands 74.78

France 16.07

Germany 5.44 <0.01

200599 Prepared/preserved vegetables and vegetable mixtures (not frozen)

France 47.60

Netherlands 28.18

Germany 6.38 N/A

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5. COCOA AND COCOA PREPARATIONS

Belgium’s Top Ten Suppliers of Cocoa and Cocoa Preparations, C$ Millions

Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 CAGR % 2010-14

World 1,756.38 1,999.97 1,746.30 2,034.43 2,768.22 12.05 Netherlands 448.66 518.66 444.18 517.23 759.75 14.07 Côte d’Ivoire 205.70 227.04 267.98 369.16 470.85 23.00 Germany 162.43 210.91 216.36 308.78 387.20 24.26 France 340.29 330.79 251.85 265.24 322.93 -1.30 Ghana 165.39 227.89 165.93 152.33 216.05 6.91 Italy 68.74 77.79 79.77 88.27 97.94 9.25 United Kingdom 32.55 44.23 38.49 50.37 60.56 16.79 Spain 44.81 50.74 47.84 44.62 53.75 4.65 Cameroon 2.44 5.14 0.68 6.61 51.27 114.02 Dominican Republic 21.84 29.33 14.65 25.77 36.62 13.79 (43) Canada 0.07 0.06 0.56 0.17 0.99 94.47

Belgium’s Top Ten Suppliers of Cocoa and Cocoa Preparations, % Share

Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 PP Change 2010-14

Netherlands 25.54 25.93 25.44 25.42 27.45 1.91 Côte d’Ivoire 11.71 11.35 15.35 18.15 17.01 5.30 Germany 9.25 10.55 12.39 15.18 13.99 4.74 France 19.37 16.54 14.42 13.04 11.67 -7.70 Ghana 9.42 11.39 9.50 7.49 7.80 -1.62 Italy 3.91 3.89 4.57 4.34 3.54 -0.37 United Kingdom 1.85 2.21 2.20 2.48 2.19 0.34 Spain 2.55 2.54 2.74 2.19 1.94 -0.61 Cameroon 0.14 0.26 0.04 0.32 1.85 1.71 Dominican Republic 1.24 1.47 0.84 1.27 1.32 0.08 (43) Canada <0.01 <0.01 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.03

Cocoa and Cocoa Preparations Supply Gap, C$ Millions

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 CAGR % 2010-14

Belgium’s imports from the world 1,756.38 1,999.97 1,746.30 2,034.43 2,768.22 12.05

Belgium’s imports from Canada 0.07 0.06 0.56 0.17 0.99 94.47

Supply gap 1,756.31 1,999.91 1,745.74 2,034.25 2,767.23 12.04

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Belgium’s Top Five Cocoa and Cocoa Preparations Product Imports, C$ Millions

HS Code Product Description 2012 2013 2014 CAGR %

2012-14

180100 Raw or roasted cocoa beans 596.27 659.98 960.54 26.92

180400 Cocoa butter, fat and oil 255.01 343.29 624.59 56.50

180690 Cocoa preparations, not in bulk form, not elsewhere specified 258.42 319.74 361.85 18.33

180310 Cocoa paste, not defatted 171.60 190.84 257.13 22.41

180620 Bulk chocolate and other food preparations containing cocoa (blocks, bars, slabs etc.) >2 kg

189.14 219.63 248.25 14.56

Belgium’s Top Five Cocoa and Cocoa Preparations Product Imports and Top Supplying Countries, 2014

HS

Code Product Description Market Share % Canada’s

% Share 1 2 3

180100 Raw or roasted cocoa beans Côte d’Ivoire 48.61

Ghana 22.18

Cameroon 5.34 N/A

180400 Cocoa butter, fat and oil Netherlands 52.84

France 21.40

Germany 18.79 N/A

180690 Cocoa preparations, not in bulk form, not elsewhere specified

Netherlands 27.83

France 23.40

Germany 22.04 0.01

180310 Cocoa paste, not defatted Netherlands 68.36

Germany 18.49

France 8.21 N/A

180620 Bulk chocolate and other food preparations containing cocoa (blocks, bars, slabs etc.) >2 kg

Italy 31.01

France 19.13

Netherlands 18.77 0.38

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6. CEREALS

Belgium’s Top Ten Suppliers of Cereals, C$ Millions

Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 CAGR % 2010-14

World 1,723.72 2,269.55 2,584.76 2,662.11 2,550.48 10.29 France 821.69 1,086.78 1,234.29 1,441.94 1,169.57 9.23 Germany 296.98 340.13 458.10 409.84 416.72 8.84 Netherlands 163.45 215.58 165.70 198.01 221.55 7.90 Canada 75.04 86.32 120.43 126.26 160.46 20.92 Ukraine 2.00 10.97 62.99 84.55 124.90 181.24 Spain 74.23 84.97 59.94 75.51 63.16 -3.96 United Kingdom 36.48 33.71 28.59 31.64 60.91 13.67 Italy 46.27 52.35 51.11 41.73 47.80 0.82 Pakistan 25.86 22.69 4.20 21.94 40.93 12.17 India 15.91 13.23 37.24 26.80 40.31 26.17

Belgium’s Top Ten Suppliers of Cereals, % Share

Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 PP Change 2010-14

France 47.67 47.89 47.75 54.17 45.86 -1.81 Germany 17.23 14.99 17.72 15.40 16.34 -0.89 Netherlands 9.48 9.50 6.41 7.44 8.69 -0.79 Canada 4.35 3.80 4.66 4.74 6.29 1.94 Ukraine 0.12 0.48 2.44 3.18 4.90 4.78 Spain 4.31 3.74 2.32 2.84 2.48 -1.83 United Kingdom 2.12 1.49 1.11 1.19 2.39 0.27 Italy 2.68 2.31 1.98 1.57 1.87 -0.81 Pakistan 1.50 1.00 0.16 0.82 1.60 0.10 India 0.92 0.58 1.44 1.01 1.58 0.66

Cereals Supply Gap, C$ Millions

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 CAGR % 2010-14

Belgium’s imports from the world 1,723.72 2,269.55 2,584.76 2,662.11 2,550.48 10.29

Belgium’s imports from Canada 75.04 86.32 120.43 126.26 160.46 20.92

Supply gap 1,648.67 2,183.22 2,464.33 2,535.85 2,390.02 9.73

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Belgium’s Top Five Cereal Product Imports, C$ Millions

HS Code Product Description 2012 2013 2014 CAGR %

2012-14

100199 Non-durum wheat and meslin, other than seed 695.79 643.39 607.67 -6.55

100390 Barley, other than seed 519.28 545.37 481.96 -3.66

100590 Corn (maize), other than seed 449.13 441.84 432.88 -1.83

100191 Non-durum wheat and meslin seed 327.05 347.34 317.26 -1.51

100119 Durum wheat, other than seed 172.50 153.59 184.43 3.40

Belgium’s Top Five Cereal Product Imports and Top Supplying Countries, 2014

HS

Code Product Description Market Share % Canada’s

% Share 1 2 3

100199 Non-durum wheat and meslin, other than seed

France 51.44

Germany 40.01

Netherlands 4.78 2.08

100390 Barley, other than seed France 76.22

United Kingdom 8.05

Germany 6.12 N/A

100590 Corn (maize), other than seed France 49.18

Ukraine 28.55

Netherlands 14.76 <0.01

100191 Non-durum wheat and meslin seed

France 51.68

Germany 36.50

Netherlands 8.59 <0.01

100119 Durum wheat, other than seed Canada 70.79

France 14.26

Netherlands 10.19 70.79

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7. FOOD WASTE AND ANIMAL FEED

Belgium’s Top Ten Suppliers of Food Waste and Animal Feed, C$ Millions

Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 CAGR % 2010-14

World 1,736.91 1,997.80 2,024.59 2,300.42 2,521.12 9.76 Netherlands 962.87 1,119.53 1,094.37 1,358.77 1,452.70 10.83 France 281.88 327.64 364.93 437.56 459.74 13.01 Germany 178.54 197.08 136.99 156.84 160.77 -2.59 United States 38.31 42.54 48.84 65.35 89.73 23.71 Argentina 88.95 81.94 118.43 27.61 73.56 -4.64 India 4.07 33.05 29.96 25.40 34.30 70.34 Italy 20.67 24.02 19.61 32.50 30.40 10.12 United Kingdom 26.70 38.16 29.54 32.31 28.87 1.97 Canada 12.83 6.68 10.02 17.00 21.56 13.84 Czech Republic 4.47 9.33 8.83 15.28 21.51 48.06

Belgium’s Top Ten Suppliers of Food Waste and Animal Feed, % Share

Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 PP Change 2010-14

Netherlands 55.44 56.04 54.05 59.07 57.62 2.18 France 16.23 16.40 18.02 19.02 18.24 2.01 Germany 10.28 9.87 6.77 6.82 6.38 -3.90 United States 2.21 2.13 2.41 2.84 3.56 1.35 Argentina 5.12 4.10 5.85 1.20 2.92 -2.20 India 0.23 1.65 1.48 1.10 1.36 1.13 Italy 1.19 1.20 0.97 1.41 1.21 0.02 United Kingdom 1.54 1.91 1.46 1.40 1.15 -0.39 Canada 0.74 0.33 0.49 0.74 0.86 0.12 Czech Republic 0.26 0.47 0.44 0.66 0.85 0.59

Food Waste and Animal Feed Supply Gap, C$ Millions

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 CAGR % 2010-14

Belgium’s imports from the world 1,736.91 1,997.80 2,024.59 2,300.42 2,521.12 9.76

Belgium’s imports from Canada 12.83 6.68 10.02 17.00 21.56 13.84

Supply gap 1,724.08 1,991.12 2,014.57 2,283.42 2,499.56 9.73

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Belgium’s Top Five Food Waste and Animal Feed Product Imports, C$ Millions

HS Code Product Description 2012 2013 2014 CAGR %

2012-14

230990 Animal feed preparations, except dog and cat food put up for retail sale

550.11 692.75 725.59 14.85

230400 Soybean oilcake and other solid residue, whether or not ground or pelletized

631.63 597.85 696.38 5.00

230910 Dog and cat food put up for retail sale 465.26 552.22 636.55 16.97

230310 Residues of starch manufacture and similar residues, whether or not pelletized

64.63 86.47 92.79 19.82

230320 Beet-pulp, bagasse and other waste of sugar manufacture, whether or not pelletized

71.33 79.82 85.02 9.17

Belgium’s Top Five Food Waste and Animal Feed Product Imports and Top Supplying Countries, 2014

HS

Code Product Description Market Share % Canada’s

% Share 1 2 3

230990 Animal feed preparations, except dog and cat food put up for retail sale

Netherlands 69.43

France 16.75

Italy 3.17 0.45

230400 Soybean oilcake and other solid residue, whether or not ground or pelletized

Netherlands 73.16

Argentina 9.94

India 4.81 N/A

230910 Dog and cat food put up for retail sale

Netherlands 45.06

France 21.52

Germany 13.28 2.72

230310 Residues of starch manufacture and similar residues, whether or not pelletized

France 76.10

Netherlands 20.02

Germany 1.36 N/A

230320 Beet-pulp, bagasse and other waste of sugar manufacture, whether or not pelletized

France 85.49

Netherlands 8.81

Belarus 2.84 N/A

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8. OILSEEDS *including seeds for sowing and fodder

Belgium’s Top Ten Suppliers of Oilseeds, C$ Millions

Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 CAGR % 2010-14

World 1,862.10 2,356.24 2,376.27 2,169.73 2,518.03 7.84 France 421.27 611.03 481.53 258.14 552.53 7.02 Australia 137.04 221.93 555.63 537.67 418.99 32.23 Netherlands 251.82 260.48 207.53 414.74 338.34 7.66 Ukraine 153.08 108.44 149.02 123.16 212.39 8.53 Canada 243.75 242.09 148.34 183.80 208.45 -3.84 Kazakhstan 14.10 39.92 83.74 42.57 121.12 71.19 Russia 35.34 78.71 144.17 131.46 113.48 33.86 Germany 44.94 87.10 59.09 41.31 103.15 23.08 United Kingdom 89.93 149.60 201.31 56.48 75.25 -4.36 Poland 1.79 2.85 2.01 41.28 61.56 142.13

Belgium’s Top Ten Suppliers of Oilseeds, % Share

Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 PP Change 2010-14

France 22.62 25.93 20.26 11.90 21.94 -0.68 Australia 7.36 9.42 23.38 24.78 16.64 9.28 Netherlands 13.52 11.05 8.73 19.11 13.44 -0.08 Ukraine 8.22 4.60 6.27 5.68 8.43 0.21 Canada 13.09 10.27 6.24 8.47 8.28 -4.81 Kazakhstan 0.76 1.69 3.52 1.96 4.81 4.05 Russia 1.90 3.34 6.07 6.06 4.51 2.61 Germany 2.41 3.70 2.49 1.90 4.10 1.69 United Kingdom 4.83 6.35 8.47 2.60 2.99 -1.84 Poland 0.10 0.12 0.08 1.90 2.44 2.34

Oilseeds Supply Gap, C$ Millions

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 CAGR % 2010-14

Belgium’s imports from the world 1,862.10 2,356.24 2,376.27 2,169.73 2,518.03 7.84

Belgium’s imports from Canada 243.75 242.09 148.34 183.80 208.45 -3.84

Supply gap 1,618.35 2,114.15 2,227.93 1,985.94 2,309.58 9.30

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Belgium’s Top Five Oilseed Product Imports, C$ Millions

HS Code Product Description 2012 2013 2014 CAGR %

2012-14

120510 Canola seeds 1,446.86 1,223.83 1,454.33 0.26

120400 Flaxseed (linseed) 282.96 304.03 378.92 15.72

120190 Soybeans, other than seed 251.61 167.51 194.59 -12.06

120910 Sugar beet seeds for sowing 54.02 60.57 66.84 11.23

120600 Sunflower seeds 40.51 95.91 64.61 26.29

Belgium’s Top Five Oilseed Product Imports and Top Supplying Countries, 2014

HS

Code Product Description Market Share % Canada’s

% Share 1 2 3

120510 Canola seeds France 30.68

Australia 28.67

Ukraine 14.50 0.72

120400 Flaxseed (linseed) Kazakhstan 30.40

Russia 29.52

Canada 29.29 29.29

120190 Soybeans, other than seed Netherlands 44.07

Canada 39.76

Brazil 4.52 39.76

120910 Sugar beet seeds for sowing United Kingdom 32.32

France 21.10

Italy 19.54 N/A

120600 Sunflower seeds France 49.70

Hungary 23.39

Netherlands 8.52 N/A

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9. FATS AND OILS

Belgium’s Top Ten Suppliers of Fats and Oils, C$ Millions

Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 CAGR % 2010-14

World 1,869.73 2,766.50 2,303.11 2,525.19 2,454.52 7.04 Netherlands 981.62 1,482.37 1,251.01 1,266.93 1,203.22 5.22 France 392.30 629.23 418.13 452.90 443.56 3.12 Germany 160.22 209.41 208.92 329.27 316.71 18.57 United Kingdom 44.26 58.27 45.47 28.17 64.05 9.68 Malaysia 19.12 29.14 24.83 37.28 48.20 26.01 Spain 31.27 37.18 41.87 49.29 44.86 9.44 Italy 31.37 39.55 38.34 42.53 43.58 8.56 Papua New Guinea 20.70 20.15 27.51 25.14 28.45 8.27 Hungary 0.34 37.05 16.42 22.60 28.08 201.85 Indonesia 36.42 39.07 34.84 80.00 26.34 -7.78 (46) Canada 0.63 9.22 0.96 0.49 0.39 -11.37

Belgium’s Top Ten Suppliers of Fats and Oils, % Share

Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 PP Change 2010-14

Netherlands 52.50 53.58 54.32 50.17 49.02 -3.48 France 20.98 22.74 18.15 17.94 18.07 -2.91 Germany 8.57 7.57 9.07 13.04 12.90 4.33 United Kingdom 2.37 2.11 1.97 1.12 2.61 0.24 Malaysia 1.02 1.05 1.08 1.48 1.96 0.94 Spain 1.67 1.34 1.82 1.95 1.83 0.16 Italy 1.68 1.43 1.66 1.68 1.78 0.10 Papua New Guinea 1.11 0.73 1.19 1.00 1.16 0.05 Hungary 0.02 1.34 0.71 0.90 1.14 1.12 Indonesia 1.95 1.41 1.51 3.17 1.07 -0.88 (46) Canada 0.03 0.33 0.04 0.02 0.02 -0.01

Fats and Oils Supply Gap, C$ Millions

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 CAGR % 2010-14

Belgium’s imports from the world 1,869.73 2,766.50 2,303.11 2,525.19 2,454.52 7.04

Belgium’s imports from Canada 0.63 9.22 0.96 0.49 0.39 -11.37

Supply gap 1,869.11 2,757.28 2,302.14 2,524.70 2,454.14 7.04

Page | 21

Belgium’s Top Five Fat and Oil Product Imports, C$ Millions

HS Code Product Description 2012 2013 2014 CAGR %

2012-14

151190 Refined palm oil, not chemically modified 400.95 440.68 362.42 -4.93

151419 Canola oil and its fractions, not chemically modified 132.97 238.45 234.45 32.78

151219 Refined sunflower-seed oil or safflower oil and their fractions, not chemically modified,

239.84 276.47 224.97 -3.15

151411 Crude canola oil and its fractions, not chemically modified 266.93 166.44 222.05 -8.79

151211 Crude sunflower-seed oil or safflower oil and their fractions, not chemically modified

242.26 270.47 195.65 -10.13

Belgium’s Top Five Fat and Oil Product Imports and Top Supplying Countries, 2014

HS

Code Product Description Market Share % Canada’s

% Share 1 2 3

151190 Refined palm oil, not chemically modified

Netherlands 83.98

Malaysia 5.78

Papua New Guinea

4.12 N/A

151419 Canola oil and its fractions, not chemically modified

Germany 71.41

Netherlands 25.90

United Kingdom 1.84 N/A

151219 Refined sunflower-seed oil or safflower oil and their fractions, not chemically modified,

Netherlands 52.51

France 21.77

Hungary 10.88 N/A

151411 Crude canola oil and its fractions, not chemically modified

France 44.68

Netherlands 37.09

Germany 6.18 N/A

151211 Crude sunflower-seed oil or safflower oil and their fractions, not chemically modified

France 62.31

Netherlands 29.14

Argentina 4.06 N/A

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10. VEGETABLES *including pulses

Belgium’s Top Ten Suppliers of Vegetables, C$ Millions

Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 CAGR % 2010-14

World 1,653.90 1,801.92 1,803.96 2,184.44 2,155.34 6.84 Netherlands 594.39 636.97 633.98 743.63 725.18 5.10 France 390.71 466.08 498.33 633.08 608.52 11.71 Spain 206.01 199.78 192.81 219.20 232.09 3.03 Germany 102.55 112.18 130.21 175.67 127.50 5.59 Portugal 21.71 29.48 35.77 41.11 57.38 27.50 Poland 33.14 31.51 43.58 52.72 46.97 9.11 China 44.20 54.52 40.96 42.94 42.01 -1.27 Italy 35.00 30.01 27.45 33.15 32.40 -1.91 Hungary 10.33 11.32 12.91 8.59 22.39 21.34 India 10.93 12.89 14.30 18.32 21.27 18.11 (11) Canada 4.77 4.94 8.67 16.38 21.04 44.91

Belgium’s Top Ten Suppliers of Vegetables, % Share

Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 PP Change 2010-14

Netherlands 35.94 35.35 35.14 34.04 33.65 -2.29 France 23.62 25.87 27.62 28.98 28.23 4.61 Spain 12.46 11.09 10.69 10.03 10.77 -1.69 Germany 6.20 6.23 7.22 8.04 5.92 -0.28 Portugal 1.31 1.64 1.98 1.88 2.66 1.35 Poland 2.00 1.75 2.42 2.41 2.18 0.18 China 2.67 3.03 2.27 1.97 1.95 -0.72 Italy 2.12 1.67 1.52 1.52 1.50 -0.62 Hungary 0.62 0.63 0.72 0.39 1.04 0.42 India 0.66 0.72 0.79 0.84 0.99 0.33 (11) Canada 0.29 0.27 0.48 0.75 0.98 0.69

Vegetables Supply Gap, C$ Millions

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 CAGR % 2010-14

Belgium’s imports from the world 1,653.90 1,801.92 1,803.96 2,184.44 2,155.34 6.84

Belgium’s imports from Canada 4.77 4.94 8.67 16.38 21.04 44.91

Supply gap 1,649.13 1,796.98 1,795.29 2,168.06 2,134.30 6.66

Page | 23

Belgium’s Top Five Vegetable Product Imports, C$ Millions

HS Code Product Description 2012 2013 2014 CAGR %

2012-14

070190 Fresh/chilled potatoes (not for seed), not elsewhere specified 290.25 427.14 299.59 1.60

071080 Frozen vegetables (raw, steamed or boiled) 256.80 263.62 290.34 6.33

070200 Fresh/chilled tomatoes 150.84 171.73 189.35 12.04

070310 Fresh/chilled onions and shallots 67.53 89.29 94.85 18.51

070960 Fresh/chilled peppers 66.70 81.75 87.24 14.37

Belgium’s Top Five Vegetable Product Imports and Top Supplying Countries, 2014

HS

Code Product Description Market Share % Canada’s

% Share 1 2 3

070190 Fresh/chilled potatoes (not for seed), not elsewhere specified

France 58.66

Netherlands 21.09

Germany 10.39 N/A

071080 Frozen vegetables (raw, steamed or boiled)

Spain 21.67

Portugal 18.00

France 17.85 N/A

070200 Fresh/chilled tomatoes Netherlands 42.22

France 28.08

Spain 20.99 N/A

070310 Fresh/chilled onions and shallots Netherlands 47.83

France 20.32

Australia 9.75 N/A

070960 Fresh/chilled peppers Netherlands 59.19

Spain 22.42

Germany 11.22 N/A

Page | 24

CONCLUSION Belgium is a mature market, and the world’s ninth-largest importer of agri-food and seafood products. Canada ranked as its 12th-largest supplier in 2014, having registered a slight increase in import value since 2010. While Belgium’s imports from Canada have been growing, they remain relatively marginal compared to other partners, and imports from the world have been growing at a faster rate. This has created a significant supply gap between Belgium and Canada that has been widening at a rate almost identical to Belgium’s overall import growth in recent years. As well, while Belgium sources agri-food and seafood products from a large number of countries, among many commodities the vast majority of imports come from the top two or three suppliers, and primary trading partners are other European Union members. This leaves just marginal market share for others. Among Belgium’s top ten import commodities, Canada’s highest supplier ranking was in cereals, where it landed as fourth with 6.3% of the market; however, even as the fourth-largest supplier, Canada’s proportion of the market remains small compared to other key players. As well, Canada holds less than 1.0% market share in eight of Belgium’s top ten import commodities, and falls outside of the top ten suppliers among seven of these. Despite this, over the last five years, Belgian imports from Canada have increased in value across eight of the top commodities (dairy, eggs and honey; edible fruit and nuts, beverages; preserved food; cocoa and cocoa preparations; cereals; food waste and animal feed; and vegetables). With the exception of dairy, eggs and honey, growth in imports from Canada outpaced growth in imports form the world in all of these eight commodities, which may indicate further opportunities to lessen the gap. Furthermore, Canada’s performance relative to non-European Union suppliers is expected to improve as a result of CETA, particularly since Belgium is used as an important entry hub into the broader EU market. FOR MORE INFORMATION International Trade Commissioners can provide Canadian industry with on-the-ground expertise regarding market potential, current conditions and local business contacts, and are an excellent point of contact for export advice.

• Overview of Trade Commissioner Services in Belgium http://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/eng/office.jsp?oid=140&cid=111

• Find a Trade Commissioner www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/eng/find-trade-contacts.jsp

For additional intelligence on this and other markets, the complete library of Global Analysis reports can be found under Statistics and Market Information at the following link, arranged by sector and region of interest:

• ats-sea.agr.gc.ca RESOURCES Global Trade Atlas (June 2015). ANNEX: ABBREVIATIONS CAGR - compound annual growth rate N/A - not applicable N/C - not calculable PP - percentage point (difference between two percentage values)

Page | 25

Competitive Trade Analysis: Belgium Global Analysis Report Prepared by: Shannon Fraser, Market Analyst © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food (2015). Photo Credits All photographs reproduced in this publication are used by permission of the rights holders. All images, unless otherwise noted, are copyright Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. For additional copies, to request an alternate format, and for all other inquiries regarding this publication, please contact: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Global Analysis 1341 Baseline Road, Tower 5, 3rd floor Ottawa, ON Canada K1A 0C5 E-mail: infoservice@agr.gc.ca The Government of Canada has prepared this report based on primary and secondary sources of information. Although every effort has been made to ensure that the information is accurate, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) assumes no liability for any actions taken based on the information contained herein. Reproduction or redistribution of this document, in whole or in part, must include acknowledgement of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada as the owner of the copyright in the document, through a reference citing AAFC, the title of the document and the year. Where the reproduction or redistribution includes data from this document, it must also include an acknowledgement of the specific data source(s), as noted in this document. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada provides this document and other report services to agriculture and food industry clients free of charge.