Compassionate Medical Cannabis: What It Means to the ......What Medical Marijuana is under Florida...

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Compassionate Medical Cannabis: What It Means to the Street Officer Garrett Berman, Assistant State Attorney Broward County (Florida) State Attorney s Office Detective Luis Lopez Jacksonville (Florida) Sheriff s Office

Transcript of Compassionate Medical Cannabis: What It Means to the ......What Medical Marijuana is under Florida...

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Compassionate Medical Cannabis:

What It Means to the Street Officer

Garrett Berman, Assistant State Attorney

Broward County (Florida) State Attorney s Office

Detective Luis Lopez

Jacksonville (Florida) Sheriff s Office

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Garett M. BermanAssistant State Attorney / Director of TrainingOffice of the State Attorney, 17th Judicial Circuit(954) [email protected] Officer Luis Lopez

Jacksonville Sheriff’s [email protected]

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This presentation may contain materials created by others.  Such materials may be copyrighted by the original artist/owner.  Such material is used under a claim of fair use pursuant to the Fair Use guidelines in face‐to‐face instructional education activities.

Other materials  may be copyrighted by this presentations author.  Additional use or distribution of any of the materials herein is prohibited.

The opinions and analyses expressed in and during this presentation are not necessarily those of all law enforcement agencies and SAOs within and outside of Florida.

Consult your local law enforcement agency or SAO regarding any issues of applicability in your jurisdiction

Special thanks for current Colorado TSRP Jennifer Knudsen and former Colorado TSRP Chris Halsor for providing some of the materials contained within this presentation

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Adult useMedicinalLimited Use (CBD oil, low THC)Illegal

Status of State Cannabis Laws as of January 8, 2018

Source: https://thecannabisindustry.org/state‐marijuana‐policies‐map/

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Legalized (recreational) states Washington, DC▪ Over 21, can grow or give it away; no recreational sales▪ Recently passed medical card reciprocity

Maine▪ Adults can grow, gift and possess▪ Not for sale until February 2018▪ Two cases where courts have ruled worker’s comp must pay for medical cannabis

Massachusetts▪ Adults can grow and use▪ Not for sale until 2018

Source: https://thecannabisindustry.org/state‐marijuana‐policies‐map/

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Legalized (recreational) states Alaska▪ Medical program limited to card registry for patients/caregivers▪ Municipalities can prohibit recreational cannabis licenses

Washington▪ Recreational purchases may be tax‐free▪ Current legislation to repeal cannabis use

Oregon▪ Tax‐free sales to registered cardholders▪ Workers must pass a state test and obtain a permit

Source: https://thecannabisindustry.org/state‐marijuana‐policies‐map/

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Legalized (recreational) states California▪ Medical cannabis tax‐free until 2018▪ Currently writing comprehensive medical and adult‐use regulations with compliance to being in 2018

Nevada▪ Adult‐use approved in November 2016; recreational in 2018▪ Allow out‐of‐state medical cardholders to purchase at in‐state dispensaries

Colorado▪ The bellwether example

Source: https://thecannabisindustry.org/state‐marijuana‐policies‐map/

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Illegal states Idaho Kansas Nebraska South Dakota Wisconsin Indiana

Source: https://thecannabisindustry.org/state‐marijuana‐policies‐map/

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State of Colorado Tax Revenue for Marijuana Taxes, Licenses and Fees $223,465,054 (FYTD 2016‐17) 156,701,018 (FYTD 2015‐2016)

Colorado Department of Revenue, Office of Research and Analysis, July 2017

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What does it mean to Law Enforcement?

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Compassionate Medical Cannabis Act Allow physicians to order low‐THC cannabis for patients diagnosed with:▪ Cancer▪ Epilepsy▪ Conditions that cause chronic seizures or muscle spasms

Low‐THC cannabis must contain very low amounts of the psychoactive ingredient THC Physicians may order medical cannabis for patients suffering from terminal conditions▪ Two physicians must certify a patient’s condition will be fatal within one year

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Office of Medical Marijuana Use Formerly known as the Office of Compassionate Use Created in 2014 Implements the Compassionate Medical Cannabis Act Licenses the State’s seven (7) dispensing organizations Maintains the Medical Marijuana Use Registry▪ formerly known as the Compassionate Use Registry

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Dispensing organizations Currently seven (7) with approval for an additional three (3) once 250,000 patients are enrolled in the Registry Allowed to grow, process, or dispense MJ in the State▪ They are the only entities within the State to do so

May dispense statewide and deliver to patients All dispensing must be done through the Registry

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Dispensing organizations CHT Medical (Northeast, Alachua) Grow Healthy Knox Medical (Central, Orange) Modern Health Concepts (Southeast, Miami‐Dade) SurterraTherapeutics (Southwest, Leon) The Green Solution (Northeast, Alachua) Trulieve (Northwest, Gadsen)

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The Green Solution Modern Health Concepts

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Knox Medical SurterraTherapeutics

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Trulieve CHT Medical

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Medical Marijuana Use Registry Accessible online Provides real‐time information to ordering physicians, law enforcement and dispensing organizations No “paper” prescriptions▪ All orders are recorded and dispensed via the Registry

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Medical Marijuana Use Registry By the numbers (as of February 2018)▪ 78,929 patients in the registry▪ 1,146 qualified physicians▪ 13 approved MMJ treatment centers▪ 27 approved retail dispensing locations▪ Application processing time▪ Paper applications: 26 days▪ Online applications: 18 days

▪ 52,619 approved ID card applications

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Medical Marijuana Use Registry The Department of Health  started issuing qualified patient identification cards after 2017.  An individual who is in possession of marijuana, whether a qualified patient or caregiver, must have an identification card in his or her possession. 

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MMJ Use Registry Identification Cards All patients and legal representatives are required to have a valid MMJ Use Registry identification card to obtain low‐THC cannabis, medical cannabis, or a cannabis delivery device To apply for a card, a patient must:▪ Be a Florida resident▪ Be a qualified patient in the MMJ Use Registry▪ Submit a completed application to the Office of Medical Marijuana Use

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MMJ Use Registry Identification Cards Once a card application is approved, the patient or legal representative may receive a temporary approval e‐mail from the OCU▪ Patients must have an approved card application prior to filling an order at a dispensing organization

▪ The temporary approval e‐mail may be used to fill orders while the physical card is being printed and mailed

ID cards remain active for one (1) year

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Office of Medical Marijuana Use Temporary E‐mail Verification

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Office of Medical Marijuana Use Registry Identification Card

FRONT

BACK

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What Medical Marijuana is under Florida law Article X, Section 29 ▪ (b)(4)▪ Marijuana▪ Low‐THC cannabis

▪ (b)(6)▪ Medical Use

Fla. Stat. 381.986

These are exceptions to Fla. Stat. 893▪ If possession, distribution, delivery, administration or use occur outside of these two provisions, it is a violation of Fla. Stat. 893

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What Medical Marijuana is under Florida law “Caregiver”▪ means a resident of this state who has agreed to assist with a qualified patient’s medical use of marijuana, has a caregiver identification card, and meets the requirements of subsection (6).

“Edibles”▪ means commercially produced food items made with marijuana oil, but no other form of marijuana, that are produced and dispensed by a medical marijuana treatment center.

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What Medical Marijuana is under Florida law “Qualified patient”▪ means a resident of this state who has been added to the medical marijuana use registry by a qualified physician to receive marijuana or a marijuana delivery device for a medical use and who has a qualified patient identification card.

“Qualified physician”▪ means a person who holds an active, unrestricted license as an allopathic physician under chapter 458 or as an osteopathic physician under chapter 459 and is in compliance with the physician education requirements of subsection (3).

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What Medical Marijuana is under Florida law “Marijuana” has the meaning given cannabis under Fla. Stat. 893.02(3)▪ All parts of any plant of the genus Cannabis▪ Growing or not, the seeds thereof, or resin extracted

Every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture or preparation of the plant, seeds, or resin which are dispensed from a MMJ treatment center For medical use only by a qualified patient Edibles▪ Only made with MJ oil and produced and dispensed by a MMJ treatment center

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What Medical Marijuana is under Florida law “Low‐THC cannabis” is defined in Fla. Stat. 381.986(1)(e)▪ a plant of the genus Cannabis, the dried flowers of which contain 0.8 percent or less of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and more than 10 percent of cannabidiol weight for weight; the seeds thereof; the resin extracted from any part of such plant; or any compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of such plant or its seeds or resin that is dispensed from a medical marijuana treatment center

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What Medical Marijuana is under Florida law “Medical Use”▪ means the acquisition, possession, use, delivery, transfer or administration of an amount of marijuana not in conflict with the Department rules or of related supplies by a qualifying patient or caregiver for use by the caregiver’s designated qualifying patient for the treatment of a debilitating medical condition

Constitutional amendments expanded the use of medical marijuana also includes all higher level THC products if the patient has a qualifying medical condition, not just for terminal patients

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What Medical Marijuana is under Florida law Medical use does not include:▪ MJ not purchased at MMJ treatment center▪ MJ in a form for smoking▪ Commercially produced food other than edibles▪ MJ seeds/flowers except those sealed in tamper‐proof receptacles for vaping

▪ Form/amount inconsistent with physician’s direction▪ Transfer to any unauthorized person

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What Medical Marijuana is under Florida law Marijuana remains a Schedule I drug under both Florida and Federal laws and its use, regardless of characterization as medical or recreational, remains prohibited under Federal law

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What Medical Marijuana is not under Florida law Smoking is not an approved route of administration for medical marijuana▪ Smoking means burning or igniting the substance and inhaling the smoke

▪ Smoking does not include the use of a vaporizer

Possession, by a patient or sale by a dispensing organization of whole marijuana flower is not permitted Medical marijuana is not permitted to be grown by any individual

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What Medical Marijuana is not under Florida law MMJ may not be used or administered in the following locations:▪ Any public place or transportation, except for low‐THC cannabis▪ Place of employment (if prohibited by the employer)▪ Correctional institutions or detention facilities▪ On the grounds of any place of education▪ On a school bus, vehicle, aircraft or motorboat, except for low‐THC cannabis

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What Medical Marijuana is not under Florida law MMJ cannot be mailed in the state There are no paper “prescriptions” for MMJ▪ All orders are created, dispensed and obtained through the Registry

▪ Only an order placed through the Registry constitutes a permitted recommendation for MMJ

▪ “Suggestions” or “recommendations” from a physician is not compliant with Fla. Stat 381.986 or Article X, Section 29

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Debilitating medical conditions Article X, Section 29(b)(1)▪ Cancer▪ Epilepsy▪ Glaucoma▪ HIV+▪ AIDS▪ PTSD▪ Amyotrophic lateralsclerosis (ALS)

▪ Crohn’s disease▪ Parkinson’s disease▪ Multiple sclerosis▪ Conditions of the same class or kind as above

▪ Terminal conditions as diagnosed by a physician

▪ Chronic non‐malignant pain

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Patients Patients cannot use and caregivers cannot administer MMJ in prohibited places Cannot transfer the product to anyone else Cannot falsely represent they are a qualified patient

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Caregivers Must be residents of Florida and at least 21 Register with MMJ registry and issued ID card Not a physician or have interest in MMJ treatment center or lab Complete caregiver certification course and pass background screening May only be caregiver to one patient Always have MMJ card on person when in possession of MMJ or MMJ device

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Penalties 1st degree misdemeanor▪ Doctor provides certification to patient without reasonable belief patient is suffering from a qualifying condition

▪ Person fraudulently represents they have a qualifying medical condition in order to be issued certification

▪ Patient who uses or caregiver who administers MMJ (except low‐THC) in plain view of or in place open to public, on school bus, vehicle, aircraft or boat or grounds of a school

▪ Purchase of MJ other than from MMJ treatment center may be punished pursuant to Fla. Stat. 893.13▪ May be misdemeanor or felony

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Penalties 2nd degree misdemeanor▪ Patient or caregiver failing/refusing to present MMJ card on request of law enforcement officer

▪ Caregiver who violates any of the rules▪ Subsequent violations are a 1st degree misdemeanor

▪ Person who transports MMJ who fails to provide their ID card▪ But, person can avoid conviction if before their court hearing or appearance, they provide in court or to the Clerk’s office a valid MMJ card which was valid at the time of their arrest

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Penalties 3rd degree felony▪ Manufacturing, distributing, selling, giving or possessing with intent to do the same for MJ or MJ delivery devices held out to have originated from a licensed MMJ facility▪ Counterfeit MMJ or MMJ devices

▪ Possession of fraudulent ID cards▪ Blank, stolen, fictitious, forged, counterfeit, etc.

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What can law enforcement officers do to assist in enforcement? Obtain access to the MMJ Use Registry Notify the Office of MMJ Use to coordinate licensure discipline with criminal enforcement when violations are discovered

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Changes in Florida DUI laws None!!! Can only obtain blood with warrant or exigent circumstances in a DUI manslaughter or SBI▪ However, be aware of the recent 4th DCA ruling in McGraw v. State (3/21/18) allowing for a forced blood draw on an unconscious defendant

Cannot obtain a warrant for blood due to bad caselaw▪ Can request consensual blood without any penalties

Can only request urine pursuant to implied consent▪ If subject refuses, refusal can be used in court, or second or subsequent refusals can be punished criminally

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Officer Luis LopezJacksonville Sheriff’s [email protected]

Garett M. BermanAssistant State Attorney / Director of TrainingOffice of the State Attorney, 17th Judicial Circuit(954) [email protected]