Comparisons of Conventional CO WAG Injection Techniques ......Comparisons of Conventional CO2 WAG...

Comparisons of Conventional CO2WAG Injection Techniques used in the

Permian BasinDavid H. Merchant

CO2 Storage SolutionsWEB Site:

Merchant ConsultingEmail: www.CO2StorageSolutions.com [email protected]

Presented at the 15th Annual CO2 Flooding ConferenceDecember 10-11, 2009

Midland, Texas

Property of Merchant Consulting – Dec 2009

http://www.co2storagesolutions.com/

mailto:[email protected]

Conventional WAG CO2 Oil Recovery

Setting Up the Pieces Talk Objective

1. Tertiary Recovery Methods used today United States?

2. Where Conventional CO2 WAG is applied?

3. What makes Conventional CO2 WAG work?

4. Reservoir Model Comparison• Continuous Injection

• Constant WAG Injection

• Tapered WAG Injection

Property of Merchant Consulting- Dec 2009

CO2 Tertiary Flooding

“Conventional WAG CO2 Oil Recovery”

Primary Recovery Mechanism - Permian Basin


Permian Basin – History of “WAG”

1950’s – 150 Miscible and Immiscible Projects 1958 – Lab Experiments Caudle and Dyes

introduced water to decrease solvent mobility (Metcalfe – Amoco)

1972 – Sacroc Field (Constant WAG)1980’s - Early (Constant WAG)1986’s - Modelled (Amoco - Merchant)1989 - Amoco Implemented Tapered WAG in

Slaughter Field1990’s - Tapered WAG adopted most operators


Conventional WAG RecoveryWest Texas Ramp Sequence Reservoirs -(Poor Sweep can be detrimental) Gas Cycling is a big problem

Fast Zones

1.Tertiary Recovery – 10% to 20% OOIP

2.Total Slug Size – + 80% HCPV

3.WAG Necessary to Control Sweep

4.Recoverable Oil primarily in Fast Zones

5.Usually Run Miscible

6.Well Development: Pattern


CO2 Tertiary Flooding

What makes CO2 WAG Recovery Work?


What is WAG Management?• The Water Alternating Gas (WAG) process is a

cyclic method of injecting alternating cycles of CO2 followed by water and repeating this process over a number of cycles.

• The WAG process provides mobility control in the fast zones which extends CO2 project life and oil recovery.

Why CO2 WAG Optimization?• One element vital to the technical success of any CO2

flood is the Optimum Utilization of CO2 Injectant.

• WAG Optimization is widely recognized as a viable technique in controlling the Miscible Process.


Conventional CO2 WAG Recovery

Slaughter Estate Unit

Reservoir Model - WAG Example


Conventional WAG Injection

Reservoir Model Comparison

1. Base Waterflood Case

2. Constant Injection

3. Constant WAG

4. Tapered WAG


Thanks,

Now its your turn?

David H. Merchant

Merchant ConsultingEmail: [email protected]

CO2 Storage SolutionsWEB: www.CO2StorageSolutions.com

Houston, Texaso281-374-6330


mailto:[email protected]

http://www.co2storagesolutions.com/

Comparisons of Conventional CO WAG Injection Techniques ......Comparisons of Conventional CO2 WAG...

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