Comparisons

Chapter 9: Comparisons

9-1 MAKING COMPARISONS WITH AS… AS

(a) The boots and shoes are size 11. The boots are as large as the shoes.


(b) The chef cuts the onion as finely as he can.

Making Comparisons with as…as

used to say that two parts of a comparison are equal or the same in some way

Form:as + adjective + asas + adverb + as

Examples: Tina is as old as Sam. (They are the same age.)Mike came as quickly as he could. (He went the speed

equal to his capability.)

Note: Use the base form of the adjective or adverb. Don’t

change it.

Make a sentence about each situation. Use as…as.

John can run a mile in 5 minutes. Lisa can run a mile in 5 minutes.

Ben is 5 years old. Tina is 5 years old.

Jerry’s house is 1200 square feet. Nancy’s house is 1200 square feet.

John can run as fast as Lisa. / Lisa can run as fast as John.

Ben is as old as Tina. / Tina is as old as Ben.

Jerry’s house is as big as Nancy’s. / Nancy’s house is as big as Jerry’s.


(c) Annapurna is not as high as Everest.(d) Annapurna isn’t quite as high as Everest.

Annapurna – 8,091 m.Everest - 8,848 m.


(e) Fuji isn’t nearly as high as Everest.

Everest - 8,848 m. Fuji – 3,776 m.

Making Comparisons with not as…as

used to show that two things are not equal (one is less and one is more)

used with quite and nearlynot quite as…as (small difference)not nearly as…as (big difference)

Examples:Ted is not as old as Tina. (Ted is younger than Tina.)Ted isn’t quite as old as Tina. (Ted is a bit younger than

Tina.)Amy isn’t nearly as old as Tina. (Amy is much younger.)

Make sentences about these people. Use not as…as (and quite or nearly)

Tina17

Pedro12

Mark18

Possible Answers:• Tina isn’t quite as old as Mark.• Pedro isn’t nearly as old as Tina.• Pedro isn’t nearly as old as Mark.

Making Comparisons with as…as and just, nearly, almost

used to modify the comparisonjust = exactly

Sam is just as old as Tina. (They are exactly the same age.)

nearly/almost = very close, but still lessTed is nearly as old as Tina. Ted is almost as old as Tina.(Ted is slightly younger than Tina.)

9-1 LET’S PRACTICE

Cheetah 95 kph

Antelope 95 kph

An antelope can run ___ fast ___ a cheetah.as as


A leopard can run ______ ___ fast ___ a cheetah.

as asnearly

Leopard 90 kph

Cheetah 95 kph


A leopard can’t run _______ ___ fast ___ a cheetah.

asasquite

Leopard 90 kph

Cheetah 95 kph

Exercise 2, page 249

Complete the sentences with one of the following:just as…asalmost as…asnot quite as…asnot nearly as…asas…as

Let’s Check…

2. not nearly as

3. just as

4. almost as / not quite as

5. not nearly as

6. just as

7. almost as / not quite as

Complete the sentences with your own words. (Tell your partner.)

…just as important as……just as good as……almost as good as……just as nutritious as……not as easy as it looks.

Share with the class when you

are finished.

Exercise 3, page 249 - 250

Use the given words, complete the sentences with as…as

Use a negative if appropriate.

Let’s Check

3. A lake isn’t (nearly) as big as an ocean.

4. Honey is just as sweet as sugar.

5. Money isn’t (nearly) as important as good health.

6. Children usually aren’t as…adults.

7. A solar system isn’t (nearly) as…a galaxy.

8. People aren’t (nearly) as…monkeys.

9. reading a novel is just as / isn’t nearly as…listening to music

Close your books. Put your pens down.

Take turns with your partner completing the sentences.

Examples:I need you right away! Please come ____________

We can’t go any farther. This is _______________.

as fast as you can

as far as we can go

I can’t work any faster. I’m working ___________________.as fast as I can

An orange is sweeter than a lemon. In other words, an orange is not _____________________.not as sour as a

lemon

A stream is usually much narrower than a river. In other words, a stream isn’t ________________________.

as wide as a river

I had expected the test to be difficult, and it was. In other words, the test was just_____________________.

as difficult as I expected

It’s important to use your English every day. You should practice speaking English

________________.as often as you can

You’re only old if you feel old. You are _______________young ____________.as as you feel

You might think it’s easy to do, but it’s not quite ____________________.as easy as you think

It takes an hour to drive to the airport. It takes an hour to fly to Chicago. In other words, it takes _________________________.just as long to fly as to

drive

What do you think?

Which food is…?more deliciousbetterworsehealthiercheaper

Which food is…?the most deliciousthe most expensivethe cheapestthe bestthe worstthe healthiestthe least healthy

What do you think?

Compare these apples…

1

2

Compare these people…

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PREVIEW

0

10

20

30

40

1 2 3 4

short/tall bars

BAR 1 is taller than BAR 3.

BAR 3 is taller than BAR 2.

_____ is the shortest one of all.BAR 2

BAR 1 is shorter than _____.BAR 4

Number your paper from 1 to 30

The teacher will say an adjective.

Write the comparative and superlative for each adjective.

For example: “strong”stronger the strongest

Open your books to page 247

Exercise 1Use the given words to make

comparisons1. short/long lines2. happy/sad look on his face3. large/small country4. easy/difficult questions5. good/bad handwriting

Discuss these and

make sentences with your

partner/small group. No

writing please!

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9-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE

A feather is lighter than a brick.

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(b) Bricks are lighter than horses. (c) Horses are more beautiful than trucks.

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(a) A feather is lighter than a brick.

(b) Feathers are lighter than horses.

(c) A horse is more beautiful than a truck.

comparative + than

Comparative Adjectives:comparing only 2 things

1 syllable add –erbig bigger

2 syllables, ends with y add –ierfriendly friendlier

2 syllables more + adj.famous more famous

3 syllables or more more + adj.exciting more exciting

irregular see chart in book (better, worse)

What’s the comparative?

oldbigprettyhealthynutritiousbeautifulgenerousbadgood

olderbiggerprettierhealthiermore nutritiousmore beautifulmore generousworsebetter

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(d) The purple box is the longest of all the boxes.

superlative one of a group (3 or more)

(e) The brown box is the biggest box in the group.

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Everest - 8,848 m.

(f) Everest is the most massive mountain in the world.

-est or most

the + superlative

superlative

Superlative Adjectives:comparing 3 or more things

1 syllable the –estbig the biggest

2 syllables, ends in y the –iestfriendly the friendliest

2 syllables the most + adj.famous the most famous

3 syllables or more the most + adj.exciting the most exciting

irregular see chart in book (the worst, the best)

What’s the superlative?

oldbigprettyhealthynutritiousbeautifulgenerousbadgood

the oldestthe biggestthe prettiestthe healthiestthe most nutritiousthe most beautifulthe most generousthe worstthe best

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Jazz is the more beautiful music in New Orleans.

CORRECT YESNO

?

most

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The most famous jazz in the world is from New Orleans.

CORRECT YESNO

?

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I like jazz more better than rap or salsa.

CORRECT YESNO

?

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Greta

Oscar

Greta is messy, but

Oscar is even _______.messier

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The market is four miles from

Rosa’s house and five miles

from my house. I live _______________

from the market than Rosa does.

farther (or further)

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I have many pleasant

memories from childhood.

The _____ _________

memory is going to the

zoo with my grandfather.

most pleasant

Close your books.Pens down.

Look at each sentence with your partner.

Figure out what’s wrong. Where’s the mistake?

Alaska is larger than Texas.

Alaska is large than Texas.

Alaska is the largest state in the United States.

Alaska is largest state in the United States.

Texas is larger than France in land area.

Texas is the larger than France in land area.

Old shoes are usually more comfortable than new shoes.

Old shoes are usually more comfortable to new shoes.

I like Chinese food better than French food.

I like Chinese food more better than French food.

A pillow is softer than a rock.

A pillow is more soft from a rock.

I am younger than my brother. My sister is the youngest person in our family.

My brother is 22. I am 20. My sister is 18. I am the youngest than my brother. My sister is the younger person in our family.

Use comparatives/superlatives

Look around the classroom to make comparative and superlative sentences with these adjectives:big/smalllight/heavycheap/expensive


Review comparative and superlative forms

Let’s Check…

1. higher, the highest

2. better, the best

3. lazier, the laziest

4. hotter, the hottest

5. neater, the neatest

6. later, the latest

7. happier, the happiest

8. more dangerous, the most dangerous

9. more slowly, the most slowly

10. more common, the most common

11. friendlier, the friendliest

12. more careful, the most careful

13. worse, the worst

14. farther/further, the farthest/the furthest


Complete each sentence with the correct comparative form (-er / more).

Farther or Further?

farther and further physical distance comparisonI walked farther/further than my friend.

further additionalI need further information.I need farther information. (XXX wrong XXX)


farther or further

Some can use both.Some can only use further.

Let’s check…

3. farther/further

4. further

5. farther/further

6. further

Ask/Answer questions…

A: Is a mouse big?B: Not really, but at least it’s bigger than a flea.

A: Is this room large?B: Not really, but at least…

A: Is your desk comfortable?B: Not really, but at least…

A: Is an elephant intelligent?B: Not really, but at least…

A: Was the last exercise easy?B: Not really, but at least…

A: Is the floor clean?B: Not really, but at least…

A: Is a pen expensive?B: Not really, but at least…

A: Is this book heavy?B: Not really, but at least…

A: Is blue a bright color?B: Not really, but at least…

Ask your partner…

How much taller/shorter are you than the teacher?a little tallera lot taller

a little bit shortermuch shorter

Modifying Comparatives

verymucha lotfara littlea little bit

Tom is very old.

(modifies old)

Ann drives very carefully.

(modifies carefully)

Note: Very is NOT used to modify comparative

adjectives.

Ex: Tom is very older than I am.

much / a lot / far: modify comparatives

Tom is much older than I am.

Tom is a lot older than I am.

Ann drives far more carefully than I do.

a little / a little bit: modify comparatives

Ben is a little older than I am.

Ben is a little bit older than I am.

Modify these sentences…

It’s hot today.

It’s hotter today than yesterday.

It’s very hot today.

It’s much hotter today than yesterday.

An airplane is very fast.

An airplane is fast.

Taking an airplane is much faster than driving.

Taking an airplane is faster than driving.

Learning a second language is very difficult for many people.

Learning a second language is difficult for many people.

Learning a second language is a lot more difficult than learning chemistry formulas.

Learning a second language is more difficult than learning chemistry formulas.

Ask your partner…

What is one of the largest cities you know?

Who is the most generous person you have ever known?

What was the least difficult class in school?

What is one of the nicest restaurants in Houston?

Using Superlatives

superlative + noun + in a place the largest city in the world

superlative + noun + present perfect the most generous person I have ever known

superlative + noun + of all the best book of all

the least + adjective (opposite of the most) the least difficult

one of + superlative + plural noun + singular verb One of the best students in this class is Ali.

Tokyo is the largest city in the world.My grandfather was the most generous

person I have ever known.I read four books this summer. Harry Potter

was the best book of all.I had three tests last week. The math test

was the least difficult.Seoul, Korea is one of the largest cities in

the world.

Chart on p. 256

Remember: Superlatives are only used to compare 3

or more things. (not 2)

Close your books.

Try to complete each sentence with your partner.

Jack is lazy. He is _____________________

student _______ the class.

the laziest

in

Mike and Julie were nervous, but Amanda was

________________________ all.the most nervous of

Costa Rica is beautiful. It is one of

________________________ countries ________

the world.

the most beautiful in

Scott got a bad score on the test. It was one of

_____________________ scores ___________

the whole school.

the worst in


Complete:3 – 10

We’ll check as a class.

Let’s Check…

3. the most beautiful…in

4. the worst…in

5. the farthest/furthest …in

6. the best…of

7. the biggest…in

8. the oldest…in

9. the most comfortable…in

10. the most exhausted runner of

Ask your partner…

Ask each question.Then switch.

Answer with a superlative.

Example:Q: There are many beautiful countries in the world. What

is one of them?A: One of the most beautiful countries in the world is

Italy.

Questions…

There are many famous people in the world. Who is one of the most famous?

What is one of the best movies you’ve seen recently?

What is one of the most exciting things you’ve ever done?

There are a lot of interesting animals in the world. What is one of them?

Who is one of the most important people in the history of your country?

Comparisons

Technology

Transcript of Comparisons