Comparison_DNP_60870_61850

2002-02-02 © SCC 2002 of 20

Comparison of IEC 60870-5-101/-103/-104, DNP3,

and IEC 60870-6-TASE.2 with IEC 618501

Karlheinz Schwarz, [email protected]

www.scc-online.de February 02, 2002

1 Executive SummarySCADA protocols have traditionally been designed to optimize bandwidth (num-ber of bytes on the wire) and hardware utilization (processor speeds, RAM andROM space). IEC 60870-5 and DNP3 emerged from a broad family of proprietaryprotocols for Data Acquisition (Data Collection) to provide a first level of DataAcquisition Interoperability.

Increased number of points implies higher costs for maintaining databases, com-missioning costs in verifying points. More applications are accessing the data andthe complexity of the applications has increased. Deregulation will only add to thecomplexity through increased information sharing. With traditional SCADA proto-cols the meaning of the points is located in various places: configuration of RTUand/or IED, configuration of databases, and configuration of applications. TheManagement of this complex information (definition, validation, interpretation, anduse) is costly and time-consuming. Easier Management and Integration of theInformation has become a crucial requirement. Technology advancements inhardware, software, and communications has shifted the focus in SCADA appli-cations from Data Acquisition to Information Management.

IEC 618502 meets the requirements for an integrated Information Management,providing the user with consistent Knowledge of the System on-line – ratherthan just Gigabytes of raw data values. IEC 61850 defines standardized Informa-tion Models across vendors. Self-description and Meta-Data allow for on-lineValidation. Objects are accessed by name, rather than user/vendor/model specificpoint numbers. Thus Database Validation can become highly automated, withoutvendor configuration files.

1 This is the 2nd version of the comparison; the first (2001-08-28) has been revised and enhanced (DNP3).2 IEC 61850 is mainly based on UCA™ (IEEE TR 1550). For the purpose of this comparison, UCA is understood asa synonym of IEC 61850. UCA is a Trademark of EPRI, Palo Alto (CA)/USA.

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.scc-online.de/

2002-02-02 © SCC 2002 of 20

Standardized Information Models, a set of appropriate real-time SCADA Serv-ices, and the application of advanced communication systems allow for a highlevel Application Interoperability providing application domain specific informa-tion models (semantic of data) rather than interoperable data exchange services. Inthis regard, IEC 61850 goes far beyond the traditional SCADA protocols.

The specific definitions in IEC 61850 provide Information Models for substationsand feeder applications. The common parts are used as a base standard in otherapplication domains, e.g. distributed Energy systems (IEC TC 88 - Wind powerplants; IEC 61400-25).

IEC 61850 will very likely become the solution for a single IEC TC 57 SeamlessTelecontrol Communication Architecture (sTCA). SCC expects that this willcause most new substations to be specified with IEC 61850.

2 MotivationUsers and vendors of IEC standard and DNP compliant power system productsask more frequently why the IEC TC 57 (Power systems control and associatedcommunication) will publish a new International Standard for real-time commu-nication (IEC 61850) soon.

Many experts guess that IEC 61850 is just another IEC SCADA protocol. It seemsto be crucial to show the commonalties and what distinguishes IEC 61850 fromthe traditional approach.

3 ObjectiveThe objective of this analysis is to provide a comprehensive comparison of theavailable IEC standards and DNP3 specification with the new standard IEC 61850(see chapter 4 for full titles):

— IEC 60870-5-101 Companion standard for basic telecontrol tasks

— IEC 60870-5-103 Companion standard for the informative interface of protec-tion equipment

— IEC 60870-5-104 Network access for IEC 60870-5-101 using standard trans-port profiles

— DNP3 Distributed Network Protocol (DNP)

— IEC 60870-6 Telecontrol equipment and systems - TASE.2 (synonymICCP – Inter-control center communications protocol)

— IEC 61850 Communication networks and systems in substations(UCA™)

2002-02-02 © SCC 2002 of 20

The comparison in chapter 6 shows what the solutions have in common, how theydistinguish, and what the main benefits and advantages of each solution are.The analysis addresses seven areas of interest:

1. General issues (Table 1)2. Process data description (Table 2)3. Operational services (Table 3)4. Selfdescription services (Table 4)5. Online configuration (Table 5)6. Offline configuration (Table 6)7. Integration into Applications (Table 7)8. Architecture and communication stacks (Table 8)

Chapter 7 provides a summary.

Acknowledgement

The analysis is based on the experience and background information of well knownexperts (convenors and other working group members) that are involved in severalIEC TC 57 projects, UCA™, and DNP for many years.

I would like to thank

— Wolfgang Brodt, Convenor IEC TC 57 WG 03; (SAT, Vienna/Austria), — Christoph Brunner, Convenor IEC TC 57 WG 12; (ABB, Zurich/Switzerland), — Grand Gilchrist, Secretary, DNP User’s Group Technical Committee and Mem-

ber of IEC TC57 WG 10,11,12 and 15; (GE Energy Services, Calgary/Canada),— Wolfgang Maerz, speaker of German delegation of IEC TC 57; (RWE, Dort-

mund/Germany), and— George Schimmel, Convenor IEC TC 57 WG 11; (Tamarack, Ann Arbor

(MI)/USA),

for their review that made this comparison possible.

2002-02-02 © SCC 2002 of 20

4 ReferencesThe following documents – among others – have been considered.

— IEC 60870-5-101 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 5-101: Transmis-sion protocols - Companion standard for basic telecontroltasks

— IEC 60870-5-103 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 5-103: Transmis-sion protocols - Companion standard for the informative in-terface of protection equipment

— IEC 60870-5-104 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 5-104: Transmis-sion protocols - Network access for IEC 60870-5-101 usingstandard transport profiles

— IEC 60870-6-503 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 6: Telecontrolprotocols compatible with ISO standards and ITU-T recom-mendations - Section 503: TASE.2 Services and protocol

— IEC 60870-6-802 Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 6: Telecontrolprotocols compatible with ISO standards and ITU-T recom-mendations - Section 802: TASE.2 Object models

— IEC 61850-7-1 Communication networks and systems in substations - Part7-1: Basic communication structure for substations andfeeder equipment - Principles and models

— IEC 61850-7-2 Communication networks and systems in substations - Part7-2: Basic communication structure for substations andfeeder equipment - Abstract communication service interface(ACSI)

— IEC 61850-7-3 Communication networks and systems in substations - Part7-3: Basic communication structure for substations andfeeder equipment - Common data classes

— IEC 61850-7-4 Communication networks and systems in substations - Part7-4: Basic communication structure for substations andfeeder equipment - Compatible logical node and data objectaddressing

— IEC 61850-8-1 Communication networks and systems in substations - Part8-1: Specific communication service mapping (SCSM) -Mapping to MMS (ISO/IEC 9506 Part 1 and Part 2)

2002-02-02 © SCC 2002 of 20

— DNP3 Distributed Network Protocol (DNP) – V3.0 Basic DocumentSet- DNP V3.0 Data Link Layer- DNP V3.0 Transport Functions- DNP V3.0 Application Layer Specification- DNP V3.0 Data Object Library

— DNP3 Distributed Network Protocol (DNP) – Subset DefinitionsDocument (Level 1, 2, & 3)

— IEEE 1379-2000 IEEE Recommended Practice for Data CommunicationsBetween Remote Terminal Units and Intelligent ElectronicDevices in a Substation (referencing DNP3 and IEC 60870-5-101)

5 WebsitesThe following websites provide further information.

IEC TC 57 related standards

— IEC TC 57 POWER SYSTEM CONTROL AND ASSOCIATED COMMUNICA-TIONS dashboardhttp://www.iec.ch/cgi-bin/procgi.pl/www/iecwww.p?wwwlang=E&wwwprog=TCboard.p&committee=SC&TC=57

— TECHNICAL COMMITTEE N° 57 – General informationhttp://www.iec.ch/cgi-bin/procgi.pl/www/iecwww.p?wwwlang=e&wwwprog=dirdet.p&committee=TC&number=57

— List of publications of all projects of IEC TC 57http://www.iec.ch/cgi-bin/procgi.pl/www/iecwww.p?wwwlang=e&wwwprog=sea1122.p&class=&refno=&search=committee&committee=57&pubno=&part=&se=&header=IEC&pcomm=&dcom=&dclass=&dref=&searchfor=

DNP

— DNP users group: www.dnp.org

http://www.iec.ch/cgi-bin/procgi.pl/www/iecwww.p?wwwlang=E&wwwprog=TCboard.p&committee=SC&TC=57



http://www.iec.ch/cgi-bin/procgi.pl/www/iecwww.p?wwwlang=e&wwwprog=dirdet.p&committee=TC&number=57



http://www.iec.ch/cgi-bin/procgi.pl/www/iecwww.p?wwwlang=e&wwwprog=sea1122.p&class=&refno=&search=committee&committee=57&pubno=&part=&se=&header=IEC&pcomm=&dcom=&dclass=&dref=&searchfor=




http://www.dnp.org/

2002-02-02 © SCC 2002 of 20

6 Detailed AnalysisThe following tables list the details of the analysis. The yellow fields represent support of a specific feature. The "+" signs indicate atendency of difference in the quantity : "++" means that this solution provides more (functions, comfort, ...) than the other with "+".

Table 1 General issue

Feature 60870-5-101 60870-5-104 60870-5-103 DNP3 60870-6-TASE.2 61850

Application domain Telecontrol(SCADA)

Telecontrol(SCADA), intra-substation and

control-center tosubstation

Protection Telecontrol(SCADA), intra-substation and

control-center tosubstation

Control-center tocontrol-center

Substation andfeeder automation(open for other do-

mains)

Main coverage Application Layer(Services and Pro-

tocol)

Application Layer(Services and Pro-

tocol)


tocol) and basicApplication Se-

mantic


tocol)


tocol) and basicApplication Se-

mantic

Application Se-mantic (models ofdevices and appli-

cations), Substationconfiguration lan-guage, and Appli-

cation Layer(Services and Pro-

tocol)

Standardization IEC Standard(1995)

Amendments (2000,2001)

IEC Standard(2000)

IEC Standard (1997)

Open IndustrySpecification(1993), IEEE

1379 Recom-mended Prac-

tice (2000)

IEC Standard(1997)

Some parts are IECFinal Draft Interna-

tional Standard(FDIS), other areDIS, CDV, CD (as

per 2001-12)

2002-02-02 © SCC 2002 of 20

Feature 60870-5-101 60870-5-104 60870-5-103 DNP3 60870-6-TASE.2 61850

Standardisation Or-ganization

IEC TC 57 WG 03 IEC TC 57 WG 03 IEC TC 57 WG 03 DNP Users Group(took the specifica-tion over in 1993);

IEEE

IEC TC 57 WG 07 IEC TC 57 WG 10,11, and 12

Use in other organiza-tions as base standard

Considered forstandardization byAustralian waterutility industry.

Project 25 of IECTC 88 (Wind Tur-

bine Systems) usesIEC 61850 as base

standard for IEC61400-25

Crucial design ruleused for the develop-ment process of thestandard

Optimize use ofBandwidth and

hardware


hardware


hardware


hardware

Simplify device(data) engineering

and integration

Simplify device(data) engineeringand integration; re-

use models

Further design rules Merge the featuresof earlier proprie-

tary protocols,Push the intelli-gence in the net-work toward theremote device

Merge the featuresof earlier proprie-

tary protocols,Push the intelli-gence in the net-work toward theremote device

Merge the featuresof earlier proprie-tary protocols, Push the intelli-gence in the net-work toward theremote device

Merge the featuresof earlier proprie-tary protocols, Push the intelli-gence in the net-work toward theremote device

Use standardcommunication

protocols.Push the intelli-gence in the net-work toward theremote device

Use standardcommunication

protocols.Push the intelli-gence in the net-work toward theremote device

Crucial Paradigm Exchange of num-bered lists of sim-

ple data points

Exchange of num-bered lists of sim-

ple data points


ple data points


ple data points

Exchange ofnamed lists of

simple and com-plex data points

Modeling of appli-cation objects and

exchange of I/Oand Meta data

(Data Management)

2002-02-02 © SCC 2002 of 20

Feature 60870-5-101 60870-5-104 60870-5-103 DNP3 60870-6-TASE.2 61850

Application specific in-formation models

A few (3) applica-tion specific data

types

A few (3) applica-tion specific data

types

Someapplication spe-cific data types

(protection)

Permits vendors tocreate application-

specific exten-sions

Some (10+) appli-cation specificcomplex data

types;Permits vendors tocreate application-


Some 100 logicalnode classes with

2000+ dataclasses;

Permits vendors tocreate application-


Object-oriented mod-eling

Under develop-ment

Permits object-oriented naming

Supports inheri-tance, encapsula-tion, hierarchical

models, ...

Data Objects and mes-sages independent ofeach other?

No No No Yes Yes Yes

Common applicationlayer / encoding inde-pendent of data defini-tion

+ ++ ++

Implementations avail-able

+++ ++ +++ +++ ++ +

Implementation for em-bedded devices

+++ + ++ +++ + +++

Dominant market Europe (SouthAmerica, Australia,

China)

Europe (SouthAmerica, Australia,

China)

Europe (SouthAmerica, Australia,

China)

North America(South America,Australia, China)

All over All over*

Market penetration(2000)*

+++ + +++ +++ +++

2002-02-02 © SCC 2002 of 20

Feature 60870-5-101 60870-5-104 60870-5-103 DNP3 60870-6-TASE.2 61850


++ ++ ++ +++ +++ +


++ + + +++ ++ +++

* estimated

Table 2 Process data description

Feature 60870-5-101 60870-5-104 60870-5-103 DNP3 60870-6-TASE.2 61850

supported data types Fixed Fixed Fixed Fexible Flexible Flexible, easily ex-tendable

Address/Identification Index(commAddr: 8,16

bitsinfoObj: 8/16/24

bits)

Index(commAddr:16 bits

infoObj: 32 bits)

Index(commAddr: 8Bits

function type: 8 bitsinfoObj: 8 bits)

Index(commAddr: 16 bitsPoint Index: 8, 16 or

32 bitsNaming under de-

velopment.

Names32/32 characters

HierarchicalNames

(e.g., AB.E1.Q1/XCBR4.ST.Pos)

Index for reporting

Quality + + + + + +

Timestamp + + + + + +

Cause of transmission + + + + + +

> 1 values in one mes-sage (data groups, datasets)

A few of same typeand same COT



Several of any type Many of any type Many of any type

2002-02-02 © SCC 2002 of 20

Feature 60870-5-101 60870-5-104 60870-5-103 DNP3 60870-6-TASE.2 61850

Semantic of data(meaning of domain spe-cific data like”time overcurrent”, “PhsA”, “Posi-tion of Circuit Breaker”, ...)

Some(protection)

Some 2000 classes(LN, Data, Data Attr.– for several appli-

cation domains)

Selfdescription of data(for online retrieval)

Some Many Data name, type,functional charac-teristic, reporting

trigger option,deadband, valuerange, ... for any

data class definedand accessible

Open for additionalmodels

Flexible; any newlogical node , data,and common dataclass can be de-

fined for other ap-plication areas

(e.g., wind powerplants)

2002-02-02 © SCC 2002 of 20

Table 3 Operational services

Feature 60870-5-101 60870-5-104 60870-5-103 DNP3 60870-6-TASE.2 61850

Cyclic transmission + + +Permitted, but in-terval cannot be

remotely adjusted+ +

Spontaneous transmis-sion + + + + Flexible Flexible

Read Single Single Single Many Many Many

Write Single Single Single Many Many Many

(device) interrogation + + + + + +

Clock synchronisation + + + +

Control commands + + + + + +

Exchange integratedtotals + + + + +

Remote substitution(online) +

Substitution indication Quality indication Quality indication Quality indication Quality indication Quality indication

Time series data + + + + + Any data(report and logging)

Sequence of events + + + + Status data(report and logging)

Report data values + + + + + Any data(with filter)

2002-02-02 © SCC 2002 of 20

Feature 60870-5-101 60870-5-104 60870-5-103 DNP3 60870-6-TASE.2 61850

Log and retrieve se-lected data values (his-torical) at any time

Any data(with remote filtering

control and othercontrol)

Parameter setting con-trol

Few(measurands)

Few(measurands)

Change pre-defined protectionsetting group only

Change somecommunicationrelated parame-ters; more under

development

Change of somecommunication

related parameterspossible

Flexible(define, change, and

edit)

Substation event Ex-change (GOOSE, ...) +

Sampled value ex-change (for CT and VT) +

File transfer + + + + + +

2002-02-02 © SCC 2002 of 20

Table 4 Selfdescription services

Feature 60870-5-101 60870-5-104 60870-5-103 DNP3 60870-6-TASE.2 61850

Get Directory of AllObjects (Names andtypes of Data of LogicalNodes, ...)

Limited(generic services

only)+

(only flat point lists)

++

(complete informa-tion hierarchy)

Get Definition of opera-tional Objects (Name,Type, range, unit, dead-band for reporting, scale,description, ... of proc-ess data)

+

(deadbands only)

+

(deadbands only)

+

(generic servicesonly)

+

(deadbands only,more under devel-

opment)

++ +++

Get Definition of com-munication service re-lated objects (Report/logcontrol attributes, Controlattributes, Setting groupattributes, ...)

+ + + + ++ +++

2002-02-02 © SCC 2002 of 20

Table 5 Online configuration

Feature 60870-5-101 60870-5-104 60870-5-103 DNP3 60870-6-TASE.2 61850

Define groups of data + + +

Select data for report-ing + + ++

Enable/disable com-muni-cation controlobjects

+ + + ++ +++

Change report-ing/logging behavior + + + ++ +++

Load configuration + + + + +

2002-02-02 © SCC 2002 of 20

Table 6 Offline configuration

Feature 60870-5-101 60870-5-104 60870-5-103 DNP3 60870-6-TASE.2 61850

Complete descriptionof device configuration

Paper documentonly

Paper documentonly

Paper documentonly

Paper documentonly;

Online Documentunder Development

Paper documentonly

XML / XML DTDspecifies the se-mantic of devices,

logical devices, logi-cal nodes, data inthe context of the

real substation (de-scribing the optionalinformation and pri-

vate information)

Support for vendor in-dependent engineeringsystems

Supports the devel-opment of vendorindependent engi-neering tools basedon the comprehen-sive list of classesfor LNs. Data, and

CDC

Location of configura-tion

Configuration ofRTU and/or IED,configuration of da-tabases, and con-figuration of appli-cations



Configuration ofRTU and/or IED,

configuration of da-tabases, and con-figuration of appli-

cations

Configuration ofRTU and/or IED,

configuration of da-tabases, and con-figuration of appli-

cations

The complete con-figuration is in theIED at any time

consistent; addition-ally in the XML fileof the configuration.

2002-02-02 © SCC 2002 of 20

Feature 60870-5-101 60870-5-104 60870-5-103 DNP3 60870-6-TASE.2 61850

Automatic verificationof online and offlineconfiguration

The complete in-formation modelcan be retrievedonline and auto-matically com-

pared with the off-line configuration

XML file

Table 7 Integration into Applications

Feature 60870-5-101 60870-5-104 60870-5-103 DNP3 60870-6-TASE.2 61850

Data integration Mapping (1) of in-dexed communica-tion objects to ap-plication objects

and (2) applicationobjects to the vari-ables of the apppli-cation database or

programs

Mapping (1) of in-dexed communica-tion objects to ap-plication objects


programs



programs



programs

Direct mapping ofnamed objects to

the variables of theapplication data-

base or programs.

Direct mapping ofnamed STANDARDobjects to the vari-ables of the appli-cation database or

programs.

Application Program-mers Interface (API) No standard API No standard API No standard API No standard API No standard API No standard API

2002-02-02 © SCC 2002 of 20

Table 8 Architecture and communication stacks

Feature 60870-5-101 60870-5-104 60870-5-103 DNP3 60870-6-TASE.2 61850

Data model independ-ent of services

+ + +

Services independentof communication net-works

+

Communication sys-tems supported

V.24/V.28 orX.24/X.27

TCP/IP overEthernet 802.3 or

X.21

RS 485/Fiber V.24/V.28 orX.24/X.27;

TCP/IP overEthernet 802.3 or

X.21

TCP/IP and OSIover Ethernet802.3 or X.21

TCP/IP and OSIover Ethernet

802.3 or X.21serial

Layering 3 layer 7 layer (TCP/IP) 3 layer (PHL, DLL,AL)

4 layer (serial) or 7layer (TCP/IP or

UDP/IP

7 layerand Object Library

7 layer (TCP/IP andOSI) and LogicalNode (Data andCommon Data)

and object Library;3 layer possible

Mode (Un)balanced Balanced (Un)balanced Balanced Full duplex Full duplex

Routing IP IP if TCP/IP or UDPis supported

IP, OSI NP IP, OSI NP

Transport protocol TCP Pseudo Transportover serial.

Pseudo Transport,encapsulated DataLink Layer, and ei-ther TCP or UDP

over IP

TCP, OSI TP TCP, OSI TP

2002-02-02 © SCC 2002 of 20

Feature 60870-5-101 60870-5-104 60870-5-103 DNP3 60870-6-TASE.2 61850

Addressing Link: 0, 1, or 2 oc-tet

AL: 2 to 5 octets

Stack specific(several address

fields for DLL, Net-work, Transport, ...);

AL: 5 octets fixed

Link: 0, 1, or 2 oc-tet

AL: 3 octets fixed

Source and desti-nation 16-bit overserial. Add stack-specific addressesfor each layer of IP

implementation.TCP/UDP port re-served and fixed.


fields for DLL, Net-work, Transport, ...);application objects

are named (... 64char) or bit mapped

in some cases


fields for DLL, Net-work, Transport, ...);application objects

are named (... 64char) or bit mapped

in some cases

Configuration of com-munication stack

Several attributes Some attributes ofeach layer

Several attributes A few attributes Some attributes ofeach layer

Some attributes ofeach layer

Open for other encod-ing solutions (e.g.,XML)

Under Develop-ment” for DNP3.

+(products are avail-

able that provideHTML and XML

coded messages)

Open for future service(middle ware) systems(HTTP, CORBA, SOAP,...)

+

2002-02-02 © SCC 2002 of 20

7 Summary

The following list gives a brief interpretation of the comparison.

— All solutions provide services to exchange the basic real-time information(e.g., single point status and control, cyclic and spontaneous reports, interro-gation) for SCADA related requirements,

— One provides the real-time information exchange for sampled values and tripcommands (61850).

— Most have mainly fixed functionality (101, 103, 104, DNP, TASE.2), onesupports broad applicability covering data modeling, self-descriptionservices, configuration service, and advanced communication modelsand services (61850),

— Some are available in many products and applied all over (101, 103, DNP,TASE.2), products are available (104), or under development (61850),

— Some use many main-road technologies (61850, TASE.2, 104/DNP partly)or use proven (restricted) solutions (101, 103, 104/DNP partly),

— DNP3 and IEC 60870-5-101/104 have basically the same functionality.

— All solutions provide a first level of Data Acquisition Interoperability

— One (61850) will probably become the preferred IEC solution within the fu-ture IEC TC 57 seamless Telecontrol Communication Architecture (sTCA),applications of the other solutions will migrate to the use of 61850 step bystep; (TC 57 SPAG decision with regard to the use of 61850 as preferred ex-pected in spring 2002).

— One (61850) has the potential to be used as an integrated Information Man-agement in almost all utility applications domains (electric, distributed electric,gas, water), providing the user with consistent Knowledge of the Systemon-line.

— One (61850) allows for a high level Application Interoperability providingapplication domain specific information models (semantic of data) rather thaninteroperable data exchange services only.

2002-02-02 © SCC 2002 of 20

Additional information

1. 'Use of the standard IEC 61850 outside the areas of Electrical Utilities'www.scc-online.de/download/IEC_TC57/UCA-IEC61850_in-non-Utility-areas.zip

2. Client/Server Demo Software and Tutorial for IEC 61850 / IEC 61400-25 /UCA™ / MMS (with Web / XML support)www.nettedautomation.com/solutions/demo/20020114/index.html

3. Version 1 of this comparison (without DNP3) – 2001-08-28www.nettedautomation.com/news/n_44.html

I would appreciate receiving your comments.

Best Regards,

Karlheinz Schwarz, M. Sc.Member of IEC TC 57 WG 11 and TC 88 PT 25Editor of IEC 61850-7-1 (7-2 ) and IEC 61400-25Schwarz Consulting Company, SCCIm Eichbaeumle 108D-76139 KarlsruheGermany

Phone +49-721-684844Fax +49-721-679387

Email [email protected] URL www.scc-online.de URL www.nettedautomation.comURL www.dispowergen.com

http://www.scc-online.de/download/IEC_TC57/UCA-IEC61850_in-non-Utility-areas.zip

http://www.nettedautomation.com/solutions/demo/20020114/index.html

http://www.nettedautomation.com/news/n_44.html

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.scc-online.de/

http://www.nettedautomation.com/

http://www.dispowergen.com/

Comparison_DNP_60870_61850

Documents

Transcript of Comparison_DNP_60870_61850