Under the hood of satellite empirical chlorophyll a algorithms
Comparison of algorithms to estimate chlorophyll-a in ...
Transcript of Comparison of algorithms to estimate chlorophyll-a in ...
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Comparison of algorithms to
estimate chlorophyll-a in
inland and coastal waters of
Brazil
Milton Kampel, Dr.
Head of Remote Sensing Division
National Institute for Space Research (INPE)
Brazil
1st CoastColour User Consultation Meeting, Frascati 2010
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WHO WE ARE
Main civilian organization for space activities in Brazil
Staff of ~2500
49 years in 2010
INPE headquaters, 2004, São José dos Campos, SP
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MISSION
Fostering science and technology in earth and space context and
be able to offer products and regular services in benefit of Brazil.
VISION
Become a National and international reference in both space and
earth environment fostering knowledge and attending and
anticipating demands on Brazilian society life quality progress.
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Facilities
São Luís MA
Eusébio CE
Atibaia SP
CRAAM SP
Cuiabá MT
Santa Maria RS
Brasília DF
Alcântara MA
Sao Jose dos Campos SP
Headquarters
Cachoeira Paulista SP
CPTEC
Natal RN
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Role of Remote Sensing
Long-term:
Time-series
Change detection
Identify anthropogenic contributions
Cal/Val models
Short-term:
High quality information
Support for operational services
oceanography
land cover/change
planning
desasters
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GEOSS: Social benefits
http://earthobservations.org/
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GEOSS: Social benefits
http://earthobservations.org/
ChloroGIN/Antares
Inland/Coastal RS WG
SAFARI
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CEOS Virtual Constellations
Athmospheric Chemistry Air quality, CO2
Land Imaging (Brazil: CBERS, Amazonia-1)
Ocean Surface Topography Climatic variability
Precipitation (Brazil: GPM-BR)
Ocean Colour (Brazil: SABIA-MAR)
Ocean Surface Winds
Common requirements, independent satellites, comparable data (CEOS – Committee on Earth Observation Systems)
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INPE´s ground systems
Satellite control center (São José)
Cuiaba image reception station
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Oil spill from a ship
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ASAR Campos Basin Brazil
Brazil Current
Oil seep
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Study Area
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Conceptual display of Water Masses-Currents with
mesoscale features for SW South Atlantic
AVHRR SST
Cape São
Tomé
V
ST CF
V – Vitória Eddy
ST – São Tomé Eddy
CF – Cabo Frio Eddy
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FITOSAT I Cruise - Bathymetry & Stations
Kampel et al., 2009
São Tomé Cape
Brazil Current Frontal Eddy
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In situ - Fluorometry
2 L surface water samples with Niskin bottles
18 stations, 21-25/NOV/2004
Turner Designs TD-700 (Parsons et al. 1984)
0,077 a 0,197 mg m-3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
-1.19 -0.99 -0.78 -0.36 -0.15 0.06 Mais
Log [CSM insitu ]
Fre
qü
ên
cia
(%
)
CSM insitu = 0.121 (±0.039)
N = 18
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In situ – Above-water Radiometry
29 stations
Hyperspectral Spectron SE590 radiometer
375-1075 nm 400-800 nm (5 nm)
Protocol suggested by Fougnie et al. (1999) with
polarizer
SeaWiFS and MODIS bands were simulated integrating
the radiometric data by the trapezoidal rule.
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In situ - Above-water Radiometry
Remote sensiong reflectance
OC2v4
OC4v4
OC3M
)(
)()(
d
wRS
E
LR
cd fLE )()(
Eq.1
Eq.2
071,0)135,0879,0336,2319,0( 32
2220,10 SSS RRR
aC490
555102 log RR S
)532,1649,0930,1067,3366,0( 44
34
2440,10 SSSS RRRR
aC max104 log RR S
)403,1659,0457,1753,2283,0( 43
33
2330,10 MMMM RRRR
aC max103 log RR M
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In situ - Above-water Radiometry
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In situ - Above-water Radiometry
0
20
40
60
80
100
-1.19 -0.99 -0.78 -0.57 -0.36 -0.15 Mais
Log [Clorofila-a ]
Fre
qü
ên
cia
(%
)
OC4 RAD = 0,222 (±0,098)
0
20
40
60
80
100
-1.19 -0.99 -0.78 -0.57 -0.36 -0.15 Mais
Log [Clorofila-a ]
Fre
qü
ên
cia
(%
)
O3MRAD = 0,226 (±0,103)
0
20
40
60
80
100
-1.19 -0.99 -0.78 -0.57 -0.36 -0.15 Mais
Log [Clorofila-a ]
Fre
qü
ên
cia
(%
)
OC2 RAD = 0,293 (±0,116)
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LIDAR
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Cl* Cloro Lab Ist 1-5-8-12-16 2-xoil-9-13-17 3-6-10-14 4-7-11-15
175,0)(*9,4 clLIDAR ICSM
CSMLIDAR = 0,124 (±0,04)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
-1.19 -0.99 -0.78 -0.57 -0.36 -0.15 0.06 Mais
Log [CSM LIDAR ]
Fre
qü
ên
cia
(%
)
CSMLIDAR = 0.14 (±0.04)
N = 31
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MODIS/Aqua
OC3M GSM01 Carder
St. Tome
Cape
St. Tome
Cape
St. Tome
Cape
0
20
40
60
80
100
-1.1
9-0
.99
-0.7
8-0
.57
-0.3
6-0
.15
0.06
Mais
Log [GSM01sat]
Freq
uenc
ia (%
)
GSM01sat = 0.11 (±0.02)
N = 21
0
20
40
60
80
100
-1.1
9-0
.99
-0.7
8-0
.57
-0.3
6-0
.15
0.06
Mais
Log [Cardersat]
Freq
uenc
ia (%
)
Cardersat = 0.28 (±0.06)
N = 21
0
20
40
60
80
100
-1.19 -0.99 -0.78 -0.57 -0.36 -0.15 0.06 Mais
Log [OC3Msat]
Fre
qu
enci
a (%
)
OC3Msat = 0.14 (±0.02)
N = 21
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Comparisons
Algorithm/LIDAR rmse-L rmse
OC2v4RAD
1,36 0,40
OC4v4RAD
0,93 0,28
OC3MRAD
0,93 0,28
OC3MSAT
0,36 0,11
GSM01SAT
0,28 0,08
CarderSAT
1,14 0,34
CSMLIDAR
0,48 0,14
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Comparisons
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RADARSAT – Banda C
Res: 50 m ASTER b1 (0,5-0,6 µm)
Res: 15 m
CBERS-2 2r1g1b
b1 (0,63-0,69 µm)
b2 (0,77-0,89 µm)
Res: 260 m
Oil Seepage
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MODIS – MERIS - AVHRR
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MERIS x In situ Chl Comparisons
y = 0,0871x + 0,1012R² = 0,0745
y = 0,1751x + 0,063R² = 0,4659
0,00
0,05
0,10
0,15
0,20
0,25
0,30
0,35
0,40
0,45
0,50
0,00 0,05 0,10 0,15 0,20 0,25 0,30 0,35 0,40 0,45 0,50
ch
l in
situ
MERIS chl
algal_1
algal_2
Linear (algal_1)
Linear (algal_2)
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DEPROAS Project
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DEPROAS Project
OC4 OC2
GSM NN
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
-1.6 -1.2 -0.8 -0.4 0 0.4 Mais
Log Cinsitu (mg.m-3
)
Fre
qü
ên
cia
re
lati
va
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Kampel et al. 2009 - XIV SBSR - Natal
RESULTADOS – CSM Médias Mensais
Tempo (07/2002-09/2007)
jan fev mar abr mai jun jul ago set out nov dez
Clo
rofila
(m
g.m
-3)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
#1 SW
#1 MOD
#2 SW
#2 MOD
#3 SW
#3 MOD
#4 SW
#4 MOD
#5 SW
#5 MOD
#6 SW
#6 MOD
#7 SW
#7 MOD
#8 SW
#8 MOD
#1 – SW=0,99 MOD=0,79 mg.m-3
#5 – SW=0,34 MOD=0,30 mg.m-3
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
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Kampel et al. 2009 - XIV SBSR - Natal
RESULTADOS
Jul-02 Jul-03 Jul-04 Jul-05 Jul-06 Jul-07
Clo
rofil
a (
mg
.m-3
)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
#1 SW
#1 MOD
Jul-02 Jul-03 Jul-04 Jul-05 Jul-06 Jul-07
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
#2 SW
#2 MOD
Jul-02 Jul-03 Jul-04 Jul-05 Jul-06 Jul-07
Clo
rofil
a (
mg
.m-3
)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
#3 SW
#3 MOD
Jul-02 Jul-03 Jul-04 Jul-05 Jul-06 Jul-07
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
#4 SW
#4 MOD
Jul-02 Jul-03 Jul-04 Jul-05 Jul-06 Jul-07
Clo
rofil
a (
mg
.m-3
)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
#5 SW
#5 MOD
Jul-02 Jul-03 Jul-04 Jul-05 Jul-06 Jul-07
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
#6 SW
#6 MOD
Tempo (07/2002-09/2007)
Jul-02 Jul-03 Jul-04 Jul-05 Jul-06 Jul-07
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
#8 SW
#8 MOD
Tempo (07/2002-09/2007)
Jul-02 Jul-03 Jul-04 Jul-05 Jul-06 Jul-07
Clo
rofil
a (
mg
.m-3
)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
#7 SW
#7 MOD
Caixas rmse-L RDP r2 Declividade Intersecção N
#1 0,41 -19,47 0.83 0.78 0.02 63
#2 0,24 -9,07 0.86 0.93 -0.01 63
#3 0,26 -12,93 0.83 0.84 0.00 63
#4 0,28 -10,13 0.89 0.96 -0.01 63
#5 0,27 -9,49 0.83 0.81 0.03 63
#6 0,27 -8,92 0.80 0.95 -0.01 63
#7 0,28 -13,68 0.85 0.99 -0.02 63
#8 0,24 -11,28 0.88 0.88 0.00 63
N=63
#2
#2
SeaWifs - MODIS
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MODIS x in situ
Clorofila-a estimada por satélite (mg m-3
)
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
Clo
rofila
-a in
situ (
mg m
-3)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
CARDER
GSM01
OC3M
Algoritmo rmse rmse-L RDP r2 Declividade Intersecção N
OC3M 0,23 0,76 1,32 0,82 3,38 -0,71 31
CARDER 0,29 0,97 32,29 0,82 4,05 -0,82 30
GSM01 0,25 0,82 -22,19 0,81 1,62 -0,24 30
Chl = 0,14 e 2,55 mg.m-3
, avg=0,49 (± 0,46) mg.m-3
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MERIS x In situ
y = -0,0466x + 0,5027R² = 0,0287
y = -0,1892x + 0,5359R² = 0,0083
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0
ch
l in
situ
MERIS chl
algal_1
algal_2
Linear (algal_1)
Linear (algal_2)
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38
ANTARES-Ubatuba TST
23o44’S
45o00’W
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Above-water radiometry
0,000
0,001
0,002
0,003
0,004
0,005
0,006
0,007
0,008
0,009
0,010
400 450 500 550 600 650 700
Comprimento de onda (nm)
Rrs
(sr-1
)
Ub01
Ub02
Ub03
Ub04
Ub05
Ub07
Ub08
Ub09
Ub10
Ub11
Ub12
Ub13
Ub14
Ub01
Ub12
Ub02
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Empirical algorithms comparison
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
-0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6
Log10 [Clorofila in situ] (mg m-3)
Fre
qü
ên
cia
(%
)
0.1
1.0
10.0
0.1 1.0 10.0
Clorofila-a in situ (mg m-3)
Clo
rofi
la-a
Alg
ori
tmo
OC
2 (
mg
m-3
)
0.1
1.0
10.0
0.1 1.0 10.0
Clorofila-a in situ (mg m-3)
Clo
rofi
la-a
Alg
ori
mo
OC
4 (
mg
m-3
)
0.1
1.0
10.0
0.1 1.0 10.0
Chlorophyll-a in situ (mg m-3)
Clo
rofi
la-a
Alg
ori
tmo
OC
3M
(m
g m
-3)
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Satellite x in situ
11/11/05
29/0
9/0
5
16/1
0/0
5
6/1
2/0
511/0
8/0
5
13/0
7/0
5
08/0
6/0
5
25/0
5/0
5
06/0
5/0
5
29/0
3/0
5
17/0
2/0
5
01/02/05
11/1
2/0
4
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
4 13 1 1 15 28 8 23 31 7 12 18 1 6 15 27 3 8 13 26 4 15 30 4 11 22 21 5 14 3 23 7 14 22
Dias (Dez./2004 a Jan./2006)
Clo
rofi
la a
(m
gm
3)
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Variability analisis
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MODIS – MERIS – SeaWiFS - AVHRR
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MERIS (ENVISAT) in Amazon River Mouth
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Reflectance in the Amazon region
Rrs_agua
0.000
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.010
0.012400
420
440
460
480
500
520
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
rad_1rad_212_rad_a12_rad_b13_rad16_radrad_320_rad21_rad24_rad25_rad
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Inland waters
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Itumbiara reservoir
barragem
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Sampling
Field campaigns
• May 2009
• September 2009
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Hidrological cycle
Precipitation and air temperature
Fonte: INMET
Water Level.
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Data and Methods
Dados in situ
Dados de Rrs
Dados limnológicos
POIs
Análise espacial - krigeagem
Diagrama triangular
Análise derivativa
K-médias
Análise de variância
Razão de bandas
Dados satélite
Dados satélite
K-médias MODIS
Processadores MERIS
Spectral unmixing
Dados de Rrs
Razão de bandas
Dados in situ PL2
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MERIS processors
BOREAL
EUTROPHIC
C2R (Case 2 Regional)
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Total C Total C
DOC DOC
DIC DIC
May Sep
mg/L
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Turbidity
NTU
Temperature
ºC
May Sep
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Detritos - maio
0.00
0.04
0.08
0.12
0.16
0.20
300 400 500 600 700
Comprimento de onda (nm)
ad (m
-1)
CDOM - maio
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
300 400 500 600 700
Comprimento de onda (nm)
aCD
OM (
m-1
)
Fitoplâncton - setembro
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
300 400 500 600 700
Comprimento de onda (nm)
aph (
m-1
)
Detritos - setembro
0.00
0.04
0.08
0.12
0.16
0.20
300 400 500 600 700
Comprimento de onda (nm)
ad (
m-1
)
CDOM - setembro
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
300 400 500 600 700
Comprimento de onda (nm)
aC
DO
M (
m-1
)
0,00
0,01
0,02
0,03
0,04
0,05
300 400 500 600 700
aph(m
-1)
Comprimento de onda (nm)
Fitoplâncton - maio
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maio
setembro
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maio
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
400 500 600 700 800
Comprimento de onda (nm)
Rrs (
sr-1
)
setembro
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
400 500 600 700 800
Comprimento de onda (nm)
Rrs (
sr-1
)
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maio
P11
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
400 500 600 700 800
Comprimento de onda (nm)
Rrs (
sr-1
)
IN SITUC2R
BOREUL
P23
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
400 500 600 700 800
Comprimento de onda (nm)
Rrs (
sr-1
)
IN SITU
BOR
C2R
EUL
P12
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
400 500 600 700 800
Comprimento de onda (nm)
Rrs (
sr-1
)
IN SITU
C2R
BOR
EUL
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setembro
P23
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
400 500 600 700 800
Comprimento de onda (nm)
Rrs (
sr-1
)
IN SITU
C2R
BOREAL
EUT
P5
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
400 500 600 700 800
Comprimento de onda (nm)
Rrs (
sr-1
)
IN SITU
C2R
BOREAL
EUT
P17
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
400 500 600 700 800
Comprimento de onda (nm)
Rrs (
sr-1
)
IN SITU
C2R
BOREAL
EUT
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MERIS – 07/05/2009 MERIS – 12/09/2009
MODIS – 10/05/2009 MODIS – 10/09/2009
K-médias
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bbp – 470 nm bbp – 470 nm
m-1
maio setembro
0
4
8
12
16
20
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12
Bbp (470 nm)
Pro
fundid
ade (
m)
0
4
8
12
16
20
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12
Bbp (470 nm)Pro
fundid
ade (
m)
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Sediments
Chl Organic matter
Clear water
May
Spectral unmixing
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Chl Organic matter
sediments Clear water
Sep
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Open access data polices will enable the Global
Earth Observation System of Systems to succeed