Hawaiian *Subglacial Strombolian *Phreatic Vulcanian * Lava Dome Peléan Plinian Surtseyan Submarine.
Comparison of 14C and U-Th Ages of Two Holocene Phreatic Overgrow
-
Upload
jmvictoria6870 -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
Transcript of Comparison of 14C and U-Th Ages of Two Holocene Phreatic Overgrow
8/3/2019 Comparison of 14C and U-Th Ages of Two Holocene Phreatic Overgrow
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/comparison-of-14c-and-u-th-ages-of-two-holocene-phreatic-overgrow 1/8
,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI6SHOHRORJ\ 7DPSD)/86$ -DQXDU\
&RPSDULVRQRI
&DQG87KDJHVRIWZR+RORFHQHSKUHDWLFRYHUJURZWKVRQVSHOHRWKHPVIURP0DOORUFD:HVWHUQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQ(QYLURQPHQWDO
LPSOLFDWLRQV
,1752'8&7,21 7KH XVH RI UDGLRFDUERQ GDWLQJ LQ VSHOHRWKHP
FKURQRORJ\ LV FRQVLGHUHG SUREOHPDWLF SULQFLSDOO\
EHFDXVH RI SRWHQWLDO YDULDELOLW\ LQ WKH FRQWULEXWLRQ
RI ´GHDG FDUERQµ IURP WKH KRVW OLPHVWRQH +HQG\
3UHFLSLWDWLQJZDWHUVPD\FRQWDLQDSURSRUWLRQ
RIFDUERQ LQKHULWHG IURP WKH GLVVROXWLRQRI &IUHH
OLPHVWRQH WKURXJK WKH NDUVW V\VWHP WKDW YDULHV
DFFRUGLQJWRWKHH[WHQWRIRSHQV\VWHPFRQGLWLRQVDQG
LQFRQJUXHQWGLVVROXWLRQ:LJOH\HWDO:KHUH
VRLO RUJDQLF PDWWHU 620 WXUQRYHU UDWHV LV ORQJHU
WKDQ \HDUV VRLO &2 FDQQRW EH FRQVLGHUHG LQ
HTXLOLEULXPZLWKWKHDWPRVSKHUHDQGXQFRUUHFWHG&
'LSDUWLPHQWRGL6FLHQ]H*HRORJLFKH8QLYHUVLWj´5RPD7UHµ
/DUJR6DQ/HRQDUGR0XULDOGR5RPD,WDO\,QVWLWXW5R\DOGX3DWULPRLQH$UWLVWLTXH3DUFGX
&LQTXDQWHQDLUH%%UX[HOOHV%HOJLXP'HSDUWDPHQWGH&LqQFLHVGHOD7HUUD8QLYHUVLWDWGHOHV,OOHV
%DOHDUVFWUD9DOOGHPRVVDNP3DOPDGH0DOORUFD
6SDLQHPDLODJLQHVJUDFLD#\DKRRHV,QVWLWXWIU*HRORJLH8QLYHUVLWlW%HUQ%DOW]HUVWUDVVH
%HUQ6ZLW]HUODQG'LSDUWLPHQWRGL6FLHQ]H*HRORJLFKHH*HRWHFQRORJLH
8QLYHUVLWjGL0LODQR%LFRFFD3LD]]DGHOO·$WHQHR1XRYR
0LODQR,WDO\
3DROD7XFFLPHL0DUN9DQ6WU\GRQFN$QJHO*LQpV-RDTXtQ*LQpV0LFKHOH 6ROLJR ,JRU 09LOOD-RDQ-)RUQyV&RPSDULVRQ
RI&DQG87KDJHVRI WZR+RORFHQHSKUHDWLFRYHUJURZWKV RQVSHOHRWKHPVIURP0DOORUFD :HVWHUQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ(QYLURQPHQWDO
LPSOLFDWLRQV,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI6SHOHRORJ\7DPSD)/86$,661'2,;
7KLVLQYHVWLJDWLRQUHSRUWVRQWKHFRPSDULVRQEHWZHHQ,&30687KDQG$06
&DJHVRI3KUHDWLF2YHUJURZWKVRQ6SHOHRWKHPV326IURPWZRGLIIHUHQWFDYHVRQWKHLVODQGRI0DOORUFD6SDLQ7KHVHVSHOHRWKHPHQFUXVWDWLRQVIRUPDWWKHZDWHUWDEOHRIFRDVWDOFDYHVLQD
ORZDPSOLWXGHWLGHFRQWUROOHGPLFURHQYLURQPHQWDQGDUHXVHGWRUHFRQVWUXFWSDVWVHDOHYHOFKDQJHV7KHDLPRIWKLVVWXG\LVWRHYDOXDWH
LIWKLVSDUWLFXODUW\SHRIVSHOHRWKHPLVGDWDEOHXVLQJ&PHWKRGDQGWRLQYHVWLJDWHSRVVLEOHSUREOHPVFRQQHFWHGZLWKWKHLQFRUSRUDWLRQRI
GHDGFDUERQLQKHULWHGIURPWKHGLVVROXWLRQRI&IUHHOLPHVWRQH7KHUHVXOWVVKRZWKDW&DJHVDUHVWURQJO\VLWHGHSHQGHQWDQGDSSHDU
UHODWHGWRORFDOUHVLGHQFHWLPHRIZDWHULQ¿OWUDWLRQWKURXJKWKHVRLODQGHSLNDUVW:KHQVKRUWWUDQVLWWLPHDQGOLPLWHGLQWHUDFWLRQZLWKVRLO
DQGEHGURFNDVLQ&RYDGH&DOD9DUTXHV$WKHVRFDOOHG³UHVHUYRLU´HIIHFWLVQHJOLJLEOHDQG &DQG87KDJHVFRUUHVSRQGVZLWKLQWKH
HUURUUDQJH:KHQWKHUHVLGHQFHWLPHLVORQJHUDVLQ&RYDGHV3DVGH9DOOJRUQHUD &DJHVDUHVWHDGLO\\HDUVROGHUWKDQWKH
87KGDWDDVVKRZQE\WKHPHDQYDOXHRIHVWLPDWHGSHUFHQWGHDGFDUERQSURSRUWLRQVDQGE\KLJKHUDQGEHWWHUFRUUHODWHGFRQWHQWV
RIPDMRUDQGWUDFHHOHPHQWVLQWKHYDGRVHVXSSRUWRIWKLVVSHOHRWKHPHQFUXVWDWLRQ7KHSRWHQWLDOXVHRIWKLVPXOWLPHWKRGDSSURDFKWR
SDOHRHQYLURQPHQWDOVWXGLHVLVDOVRVXJJHVWHG
.H\ZRUGV&87KGDWLQJ+RORFHQHVSHOHRWKHPFRDVWDONDUVW0DOORUFD
5HFHLYHG-XQH5HYLVHG$XJXVW$FFHSWHG6HSWHPEHU
DJHV RYHUHVWLPDWHWKHWUXHDJH RIGHSRVLWLRQ *HQW\HW DO %HFDXVH RI WKHVHSUREOHPV UHODWLYHO\
IHZVSHOHRWKHPFKURQRORJLHVDUHEDVHGRQ &DJHV
+RZHYHUZKHUHLQGHSHQGHQWDJHVZHUHFDOFXODWHGWKH
GHDGFDUERQSURSRUWLRQGFSGXHWRWKHGLVVROXWLRQ
RIWKHOLPHVWRQHDQGWR´VORZµR[LGDWLRQRI620ZDV
IRXQGWRUDQJHEHWZHHQDQG%DVWLQ*HZHOW
+ROPJUHQHWDO*HQW\HWDO%HFN
HWDODOWKRXJKPXFKJUHDWHUYDOXHVZHUHDOVR
REVHUYHG9RJHO.URQIHOG
$QRWKHUSUREOHPFRXOGDULVHIURPWKHFRQWDPLQDWLRQ
RIVSHOHRWKHPVZLWK\RXQJHUFDUERQIURPVRLORUJDQLF
PDWWHU WKDW PLJKW EH GHSRVLWHG LQ WKH RULJLQDO
VWUXFWXUH RI SRURXV VSHOHRWKHPV DQG VXEVHTXHQWO\GHFD\ UHOHDVLQJ &2 WKDW FRXOG SUHFLSLWDWH DV
FDUERQDWH *RVODUHWDO ,QDGGLWLRQWR WKDW
ERPE&PD\DIIHFWPRGHUQVSHOHRWKHPVOHDGLQJWR
DQDSSDUHQWDJHWKDWLV\RXQJHUWKDQFRUUHVSRQGLQJ
87KDJH*HQW\HWDO
7KLV VWXG\ UHSRUWV RQ WKH FRPSDULVRQ EHWZHHQ
,QGXFWLYHO\ &RXSOHG 3ODVPD 0DVV 6SHFWURPHWU\
,&306 87K DQG $FFHOHUDWRU 0DVV 6SHFWURPHWU\
$06 &DJHVRI WZR+RORFHQH 326 IURP0DOORUFD
6SDLQ87KDJHV RI326 DUH LQFUHDVLQJO\ JDLQLQJ
DWWHQWLRQ IURP WKH VFLHQWLÀF FRPPXQLW\ EHFDXVH
WKH\ DOORZ WR SUHFLVHO\ FRQVWUDLQ VHDOHYHO FKDQJH
$YDLODEOHRQOLQHDWZZZLMVVSHOHRLWVFKRODUFRPPRQVXVIHGXLMV
,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI6SHOHRORJ\2IÀFLDO-RXUQDORI8QLRQ,QWHUQDWLRQDOHGH6SpOpRORJLH
$EVWUDFW
3DROD7XFFLPHL0DUN9DQ6WU\GRQFN$QJHO*LQpV-RDTXtQ*LQpV
0LFKHOH6ROLJR,JRU09LOOD-RDQ-)RUQyV
8/3/2019 Comparison of 14C and U-Th Ages of Two Holocene Phreatic Overgrow
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/comparison-of-14c-and-u-th-ages-of-two-holocene-phreatic-overgrow 2/8
GXULQJWKH+RORFHQH7XFFLPHLHWDODQG/DWH
3OHLVWRFHQH9HVLFDHWDO7XFFLPHLHWDO
'RUDOHHWDO7KHVHVSHOHRWKHPHQFUXVWDWLRQV
IRUP DEXON\EHOWOLNH EDQGGHSRVLWHG DW WKH ZDWHU
WDEOH RI FDYHV LQ XQLTXH NDUVWLF FRDVWDO VHWWLQJV
KDYLQJPRUSKRORJLHVWKDWFDQEHGLUHFWO\ UHODWHGWR
VHDOHYHODWWKHWLPHRIIRUPDWLRQVHHIRUGHWDLOV*LQpV
HWDO3RPDUHWDO9HVLFDHWDO
87KDJHVRIWKHVHVDPSOHVIRXQGDWFXUUHQWVHDOHYHO
LQWKHUDQJHRIWLGDOÁXFWXDWLRQKDYHEHHQUHFHQWO\UHSRUWHG E\ 7XFFLPHL HW DO 7KHVH
VWXGLHVGHPRQVWUDWHGWKDW326FDQUHDGLO\EHGDWHG
XVLQJ8VHULHVPHWKRGLIWKHFORVHGV\VWHPFRQGLWLRQ
FDQEHYHULÀHG7KHDLPRIWKLVVWXG\LVWRHVWLPDWH
LI+RORFHQH326 IURPWZR FRDVWDOFDYHVLQ0DOORUFD
DUHGDWDEOHXVLQJ&PHWKRGDQGWRDVVHVVSRWHQWLDO
SUREOHPVUHODWHGWRIXWXUHDSSOLFDWLRQRIUDGLRFDUERQ
GDWLQJ WR VSHOHRWKHP RYHUJURZWKV VWXGLHV )LQDOO\
WKLV LQYHVWLJDWLRQ KLJKOLJKWV VHYHUDO HQYLURQPHQWDO
LPSOLFDWLRQV FRQFHUQLQJ ZDWHUVRLOURFN LQWHUDFWLRQ
SURFHVVHVFOLPDWRORJ\DQGK\GURORJ\RIFRDVWDONDUVW
*(2/2*,&$/6(77,1*$1'6$03/(6'(6&5,37,21,QWKHFRQWH[WRIWKH:HVWHUQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQSODWH
WHFWRQLFV 0DOORUFD ZDV DIIHFWHG E\ WZR WHFWRQLF
SKDVHV WKH IRUPHU FRPSUHVVLYH DFWLQJ IURP
WKH 3DOHRJHQH WR WKH 0LGGOH 0LRFHQH WKH VHFRQG
H[WHQVLYH 8SSHU 0LRFHQH LQ DJH UHVXOWLQJ LQ D
VWUXFWXUHIRUPHGE\KRUVWVDQGJUDEHQV*HODEHUWHW
DOERXQGHGE\8SSHU0LRFHQHQRUPDOIDXOWV
%RWKWHFWRQLFSKDVHVDIIHFW DOOFDUERQDWH OLWKRORJLHV
RFFXUULQJ DOPRVW FRQWLQXRXVO\ VLQFH WKH 3HUPR
7ULDVVLF WR WKH SUHVHQW )RUQyV *HODEHUW
7KH KRUVWV FRUUHVSRQG WR WKH PRXQWDLQ UDQJHV
6HUUDGH7UDPXQWDQDDQG/OHYDQWDQGFRQVLVWRIDQ
LPEULFDWHWKUXVWVKHHWV\VWHPIDFLQJ1:7KHJUDEHQVFRUUHVSRQG WR WKH EDVLQV 3OD DQG 0LJMRUQ ÀOOHG
ZLWK WDEXODU SRVWRURJHQLF VHGLPHQWVPDLQO\8SSHU
0LRFHQHWR4XDWHUQDU\ LQDJH6HGLPHQWVGHSRVLWHG
DIWHUWKH0LGGOH0LRFHQHDUHFRQVLGHUHGSRVWRURJHQLF
DQGGR QRWSUHVHQWHYLGHQWFRPSUHVVLYHVWUXFWXUHV
&RQVHTXHQWO\ 0DOORUFD PXVW EH FRQVLGHUHG VWDEOH
VLQFHWKH8SSHU0LRFHQH)LJ
7KH WZRVSHOHRWKHPVFKRVHQ IRUWKLV LQYHVWLJDWLRQ
DUH 9$' DQG 9/' IURP WZR FRDVWDO FDYHV LQ
0DOORUFD6SDLQ&RYDGH&DOD9DUTXHV$DQG&RYD
GHV 3DV GH 9DOOJRUQHUD UHVSHFWLYHO\ )LJ %RWK
FDYHVDUHGHYHORSHGZLWKLQYHU\SRURXVFDOFDUHQLWHVRI
WKH8SSHU0LRFHQH5HHI&RPSOH[)RUQyV*HODEHUW7KHÀUVWRQHLVORFDWHGZLWKLQPIURPWKH
FRDVWOLQHZKHUHDVWKHODWWHURQHDWVHYHUDOKXQGUHGV
PHWHUVLQODQG
&RYDGH&DOD9DUTXHV$LVORFDWHGRQO\IHZPHWUHV
IURP WKH HDVWHUQ FRDVW RI0DOORUFD DQG EHORQJV WR
D V\VWHP RI WKUHH QHLJKERXU FDYHV LQWHUFRQQHFWHG
WKURXJKXQGHUZDWHUSDVVDJHV7KHSUHVHQFHRIEXON\
FDOFLWH RYHUJURZWKV DORQJ WKH PDUJLQV RI H[WHQVLYH
EUDFNLVKZDWHUSRROVLVQRWHZRUWK\)LJD
&RYDGHV3DVGH9DOOJRUQHUDLVWKHODUJHVWFDYHLQ
0DOORUFDZLWK DSDVVDJHGHYHORSPHQW H[FHHGLQJ
NP)RUQyVHWDO,WFRQVLVWVRIDQLPSUHVVLYH
3DROD7XFFLPHL0DUN9DQ6WU\GRQFN$QJHO*LQpV-RDTXtQ*LQpV0LFKHOH6ROLJR,JRU09LOODDQG-RDQ-)RUQyV
,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI6SHOHRORJ\7DPSD)/86$-DQXDU\
)LJ*HRORJLFDOPDSRI0DOORUFD,VODQG:HVWHUQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQZLWKWKH
ORFDWLRQRIWKHVWXGLHGFDYHV
)LJ&DUERQDWHFU\VWDOOLVDWLRQVDWWKHZDWHUWDEOHRIFRDVWDOFDYHVD
FDOFLWHEHOWRI326LQ&RYDGH&DOD9DUTXHV$0DQDFRUZKLWHDUURZV
HPSKDVLVHZDWHUWDEOHSRVLWLRQZKHQWKHSLFWXUHZDVWDNHQZKLFKZDV
VOLJKWO\KLJKHUWKDQSUHVHQWPHDQVHDOHYHO3KRWR%32QDFEDUDJRQLWH
EHOWRI326IURP&RYDGHV3DVGH9DOOJRUQHUD/OXFPDMRUWKHWKLFNHVWSDUW
RIWKHRYHUJURZWKEDQGFRUUHVSRQGVWRWKHPHDQVHDOHYHOZKLWHDUURZV
HPSKDVLVHZDWHUWDEOHSRVLWLRQZKHQWKHSLFWXUHZDVWDNHQ3KRWR$
0HULQR
8/3/2019 Comparison of 14C and U-Th Ages of Two Holocene Phreatic Overgrow
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/comparison-of-14c-and-u-th-ages-of-two-holocene-phreatic-overgrow 3/8
,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI6SHOHRORJ\7DPSD)/86$-DQXDU\
&RPSDULVRQRI &DQG87KDJHVRIWZR+RORFHQHSKUHDWLFRYHUJURZWKVRQVSHOHRWKHPVIURP0DOORUFD:HVWHUQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQ(QYLURQPHQWDOLPSOLFDWLRQV
PD]H RI SDVVDJHV DQGFKDPEHUV GHYHORSHG URXJKO\
RQWZRPDLQOHYHOV*LQpVHWDORIZKLFKWKH
ORZHULVSDUWLDOO\GURZQHGE\EUDFNLVKZDWHUV$PRQJ
WKHPDQ\FDUERQDWH SUHFLSLWDWHVIRXQG LQ WKHFDYH
WKHUH DUH DEXQGDQW DUDJRQLWH GHSRVLWV IRUPHG DW
WKHVXUIDFHRIWKHVXEWHUUDQHDQSRROV7KH\LQFOXGH
DEXQGDQW GHOLFDWH VWDODFWLWHV ZLWK WLSV FRDWHG E\
VPRRWK\HOORZLVKDUDJRQLWHRYHUJURZWKV)LJE
6SHOHRWKHP 9$' LV D VWDODFWLWH HQFUXVWHG E\ D
JOREXODUSKUHDWLFSUHFLSLWDWH RI ²FPWKLFNQHVVFRQVLVWLQJ RI PPVFDOH HORQJDWHG UKRPERKHGUDO
FDOFLWH FU\VWDOV 6SHOHRWKHP 9/' LV D YDGRVH
VWDODFWLWHFRYHUHGE\DJOREXODUSKUHDWLFRYHUJURZWK
ZLWKD WKLFNQHVVRI² FP ,WLV FRPSRVHGRI
PZLGHDQGPPORQJDFLFXODUDUDJRQLWHFU\VWDOV
ZLWK ÁDW RUWKRUKRPELF WHUPLQDWLRQV DUUDQJHG LQ
²PPWKLFNVXFFHVVLYHJURZWKEDQGVRIUDGLDOIDQ
FU\VWDOV7XFFLPHLHWDO
0(7+2'66DPSOLQJ
)LYHVDPSOHVZHUHVHOHFWHGIURPVSHOHRWKHP9$'
&RYDGH&DOD9DUTXHV$RQHIURPWKHLQQHUYDGRVHVXSSRUWVXEVDPSOHDQGIRXUVXEVDPSOHV
DQGIURPWKHSKUHDWLFRYHUJURZWKDORQJDWUDQVHFW
SDUDOOHO WR WKHJURZWK D[LV LQ FRUUHVSRQGHQFHZLWK
WKHODUJHUWKLFNQHVVRIWKHRYHUJURZWK)LJ
7KUHHRWKHUVDPSOHVVXEVDPSOHVDQGZHUH
REWDLQHG IURP VSHOHRWKHP9/' &RYD GHV 3DV GH
9DOOJRUQHUD DORQJ D WUDQVHFW SDUDOOHOWR WKHJURZWK
D[LV)LJ)LQDOO\WKLQVHFWLRQVZHUHFXWIURPERWK
VSHOHRWKHPV DORQJ KRUL]RQWDO SODQHV SHUSHQGLFXODU
WRWKHLQQHUYDGRVHVXSSRUWIRUHOHFWURQPLFURSUREH
DQDO\VHV
5DGLRFDUERQGDWLQJ
&2ZDVH[WUDFWHGIURPWKHVDPSOHVZLWKSKRVSKRULFDFLGZLWKRXWDQ\SUHWUHDWPHQW3DUWRI WKHUHOHDVHG
&2ZDVXVHGIRUVWDEOHLVRWRSHPHDVXUHPHQWVb&
XVLQJ D )LQQLJDQ0DWb 7KH UHVXOWV DUH H[SUHVVHG
LQÆYV93'% 7KH UHPDLQLQJ&2ZDVXVHGIRU
WKHJUDSKLWL]DWLRQ ZLWK + RYHU D)HFDWDO\VW 9DQ
6WU\GRQFN9DQGHU%RUJDQGSUHSDUDWLRQ
RI DQ $06 WDUJHW & FRQWHQW RI WKH JUDSKLWHZDV
PHDVXUHG XVLQJ D 0(9 7DQGHWURQ $06
PDFKLQH +LJK 9ROWDJH (QJLQHHULQJ 1DGHDX HW DO
5DGLRFDUERQDJHVDQGb&YDOXHVDUHUHSRUWHG
LQ7DEOH(UURUVDVVRFLDWHGWRWKHDJHVDUHTXRWHGDV
mDFFRUGLQJWR6WXLYHU3RODFK
87KGDWLQJ
&DUERQDWH VDPSOHV ZHUH VSLNHG ZLWK D PL[HG8² 7K WUDFHU DQG GLVVROYHG LQ FRQFHQWUDWHG
GLVWLOOHG+&O7KHGULHGFKORULGHZDVWKHQFRQYHUWHG
WRQLWUDWH8DQG7KZHUHVHSDUDWHGRQPLQLDWXUL]HG
37)( FROXPQV FRQWDLQLQJ 87(9$ UHVLQ XVLQJ
+12DQG+&O$VWKH7KHOXDWHLVVWURQJO\ERXQGWR
UDWKHUYRODWLOHRUJDQLFPDWWHUZDVKHGIURPWKHUHVLQ
WKH 7K IUDFWLRQ ZDV HYDSRUDWHG DW & WR DYRLG
ORVVE\HYDSRUDWLRQ2UJDQLFPROHFXOHVZHUHR[LGLVHG
DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH SURWRFRO GHVFULEHG LQ 7XFFLPHL HW
DO$IWHUR[LGDWLRQ8VDPSOHVZHUHGLVVROYHG
)LJ/RFDWLRQRIVXEVDPSOHVIURPVSHOHRWKHP9$'&RYDGH&DOD
9DUTXHV$DQDO\VHGIRU87KDQG&GDWLQJDVZHOODVWUDFHHOHPHQWVDQG
FDOFLXPSUR¿OHVLQFOXGHGLQ)LJ
)LJ/RFDWLRQRIVXEVDPSOHVIURPVSHOHRWKHP9/'&RYDGHV3DVGH
9DOOJRUQHUDDQDO\VHGIRU87KDQG &GDWLQJDVZHOODVWUDFHHOHPHQWVDQG
FDOFLXPSUR¿OHVLQFOXGHGLQ)LJ
8/3/2019 Comparison of 14C and U-Th Ages of Two Holocene Phreatic Overgrow
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/comparison-of-14c-and-u-th-ages-of-two-holocene-phreatic-overgrow 4/8
6DPSOHQDPH87KDJH
\HDUV%3
&DJH
\HDUV%3
D&DWPPHDV
S0&
D&PHDV
S0&
GFS
&
93'%Å
9$'
9$'
9$'
9$'
9$'
9/'
9/'
9/'
&DWPPHDV
&DFWLYLWLHVRIWKHDWPRVSKHUHREWDLQHGE\FRQYHUWLQJWKH87KDJHLQWRD&DFWLYLW\E\PHDQVRIWKHFDOLEUDWLRQFXUYHLQW&DO
5HLPHUHWDOD&
PHDVPHDVXUHG&DFWLYLWLHV
GFSGHDGFDUERQSURSRUWLRQV&YDOXHVDUHUHIHUUHGWRWKHVWDQGDUG93'%&DFWLYLWLHVDUHH[SUHVVHGDVS0&SHUFHQWPRGHUQFDUERQ)RU9$'DQG9/'VXEVDPSOHORFDWLRQVVHH)LJXUHVDQGUHVSHFWLYHO\$OO
HUURUVTXRWHGDVm
LQ PRO/ +127K VDPSOHVLQ PRO/ +&O
DQGPHDVXUHGRQD1X,QVWUXPHQWVPXOWLFROOHFWRU
SODVPDVRXUFHPDVVVSHFWURPHWHUHTXLSSHGZLWKDQ
$3(;GHVROYDWLQJQHEXOL]HU0HDVXUHPHQWSURWRFROV
DUHDVGHVFULEHGE\)OHLWPDQQHWDO$FWLYLW\
UDWLRVIRU,&306GDWDZHUHFDOFXODWHGZLWKWKHGHFD\
FRQVWDQWVGHVFULEHGLQ&KHQJHWDO7KHDJHV
RIDOOVDPSOHVZHUHFDOFXODWHGE\PHDQVRI,VRSORW
([ YHUVLRQ D SORWWLQJDQGUHJUHVVLRQSURJUDP
GHVLJQHG E\ /XGZLJ IRU UDGLRJHQLFLVRWRSH
GDWD8VHULHVGDWDUHSRUWHGE\7XFFLPHLHWDO
DUHOLVWHGLQ7DEOHHUURUVDUHTXRWHGDVm
LQWKHRULJLQDOSXEOLFDWLRQDQGDVmLQWKHSUHVHQWVWXG\
LQRUGHUWRHDVHWKHFRPSDULVRQZLWKWKH&GDWD
(OHFWURQPLFURSUREHDQDO\VHV
7KLQVHFWLRQVZHUHDQDO\VHGXVLQJD-(2/-;$
HOHFWURQ PLFURSUREH HTXLSSHG ZLWK ÀYH ZDYHOHQJWK
GLVSHUVLYHVSHFWURPHWHUVDWDQDYHUDJHVSDWLDOUHVROXWLRQ
RI²P7KHPHDVXUHPHQWVZHUHIRFXVHGRQ
FDOFLXPPDJQHVLXPVWURQWLXPVRGLXPDQGSKRVSKRUXV
DEXQGDQFHVRIWKHYDGRVHVXSSRUWRIERWKVSHOHRWKHPV
LQRUGHUWRLQIHUWKHLQWHUDFWLRQRIWKHSHUFRODWLQJZDWHU
DVLWSDVVHVWKURXJKWKHVRLODQGHSLNDUVW
5(68/76$1'',6&866,21&GDWDZHUHQRWFDOLEUDWHGEHFDXVHWKHVRXUFHRI
FDUERQLVXQNQRZQSRVVLEO\EHLQJDPL[WXUHRIFDUERQ
IURP GLIIHUHQW UHVHUYRLUV DLU GLVVROYHG URFN 620
DQGSODQWV,QDGGLWLRQPRWKHUVROXWLRQVDUHSKUHDWLF
EUDFNLVK ZDWHUV UHVXOWLQJ IURP DPL[WXUH RI IUHVK
JURXQGZDWHUDQGVHDZDWHUWKHPL[LQJSURSRUWLRQDW
&RYDGH&DOD9DUTXHV $ LVa 7XFFLPHL HWDO
DQGSRVVLEO\GLIIHUHQWUDWLRDW&RYDGHV3DVGH
9DOOJRUQHUD$JHGDWDDUHUHSRUWHGLQ7DEOHDORQJ
ZLWKGHDGFDUERQSURSRUWLRQDQGb&YDOXHV
87K DJHV RIVXEVDPSOHV IURPVSHOHRWKHP9$' ZHUHFRUUHFWHGIRUWKHSUHVHQFHRIDGHWULWDOFRPSRQHQW
FRQWDLQLQJLQKHULWHG 7KDFFRUGLQJWRD'LVRFKURQ
DSSURDFK DV VKRZQ LQ 7XFFLPHL HW DO
PHDVXUHG 7K 7K DFWLYLW\ UDWLR UDQJHG EHWZHHQ
DQG 87KDJHVRIVXEVDPSOHV IURP9/'
VSHOHRWKHPDIIHFWHGE\DYHU\PLQRUFRQWDPLQDWLRQ
ZHUHFRUUHFWHGIRUDQLQLWLDO 7K 7KDFWLYLW\UDWLR
RIXSSHUFUXVWYDOXH:HGHSRKO,Q
WKLVFDVHPHDVXUHGYDOXHVRI 7K 7KDFWLYLW\UDWLR
UDQJHGEHWZHHQDQG7XFFLPHLHWDO
2OGHU VDPSOHV IURP &RYD GH &DOD 9DUTXHV $
VSHOHRWKHPHQFUXVWDWLRQ9$'9$'DQG9$
3DROD7XFFLPHL0DUN9DQ6WU\GRQFN$QJHO*LQpV-RDTXtQ*LQpV0LFKHOH6ROLJR,JRU09LOODDQG-RDQ-)RUQyV
,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI6SHOHRORJ\7DPSD)/86$-DQXDU\
7DEOH87K&DJHVDQGGHDGFDUERQSURSRUWLRQUHVXOWVRQ9$'DQG9/'VSHOHRWKHPV
8/3/2019 Comparison of 14C and U-Th Ages of Two Holocene Phreatic Overgrow
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/comparison-of-14c-and-u-th-ages-of-two-holocene-phreatic-overgrow 5/8
' SURYLGHG UHDVRQDEO\ FRQVLVWHQW87K DQG &DJHVLQFOXGLQJWKHYDGRVHVXSSRUWVDPSOH9$'
87KDJHVDUHJHQHUDOO\VOLJKWO\\RXQJHUWKDQUHODWHG&DJHVZKLOHWKH\RXQJHVWSRUWLRQRIWKHSKUHDWLF
RYHUJURZWK9$'GLVSOD\VD &DJH\RXQJHUWKDQ
WKDWREWDLQHGE\87KPHWKRG,QSULQFLSOHWKLVFRXOG
EHGXH WRFRQWDPLQDWLRQZLWKPRGHUQFDUERQ IURP
YHU\ \RXQJRUJDQLFPDWWHUGHSRVLWHG LQWKHRULJLQDO
VWUXFWXUH RI SRURXV VSHOHRWKHP DQG GHJUDGHG E\
WKHPLFURELDODFWLYLW\EXWLWVb&FRPSRVLWLRQGRHV
QRW UHFRUG DQ\ VLJQLÀFDQW FKDQJH ZKHQ FRPSDUHG
WRRWKHU VXEVDPSOHV IURPWKHRYHUJURZWK$FWXDOO\
WKH b& YDOXHVRIDOO VXEVDPSOHV IURP326 9$'
DUHTXLWHFRQVWDQWIURPWRÆ93'%VKRZLQJWKDWWKHFDUERQDWHZDVGHSRVLWHGXQGHUWKH
VDPH FRQGLWLRQV RYHU WLPH DQG DVVXPLQJ WKDW WKH
HQYLURQPHQW FDQEH FRQVLGHUHG VWDEOH )LQDOO\ WKH
FDUERQ LVRWRSLF FRPSRVLWLRQ RI WKH YDGRVH VXSSRUW
Æ93'%LVPRUHQHJDWLYHWKDQWKDWRI326
LQGLFDWLQJLWVPHWHRULFRULJLQ
7KHVSHOHRWKHPIURP&RYDGHV3DVGH9DOOJRUQHUD
9/'9/'9/'GLVSOD\VV\VWHPDWLFDOO\
ROGHU & DJHV WKDW DUH VWHDGLO\ DERXW
\HDUVROGHUWKDQ87KGDWD7KHFRQVWDQWGLIIHUHQFH
VXJJHVWV WKDWWKHV\VWHPZDVVWDEOHRYHU WKHHQWLUH
SHULRGRIVSHOHRWKHPSUHFLSLWDWLRQ7KHWHPSRUDOVKLIW
EHWZHHQWKHWZRGDWDVHWFRXOGEHGXHWRWKHVRFDOOHG´UHVHUYRLUHIIHFWµDFFRUGLQJ WRZKLFKWKHVSHOHRWKHP
SUHFLSLWDWHVIURPDVROXWLRQFRQWDLQLQJPRUH &IUHH
FDUERQIURPOHDFKHGFDUERQDWHURFNVRUROG620
7KLV REVHUYDWLRQ LV FRQÀUPHG E\ PDJQHVLXP
VWURQWLXPVRGLXPDQGSKRVSKRUXVFRQWHQWVRIFDOFLWH
YDGRVH VXSSRUWV RI 9$' DQG 9/' VSHOHRWKHPV
)LJZKLFKUHÁHFWDEXQGDQFHVRI WKHVHHOHPHQWV
LQWKHPRWKHUVROXWLRQVDQGWKXVDQHVWLPDWHRIWKH
LQWHUDFWLRQZLWKWKHVRLODQGEHGURFN
9/' VSHOHRWKHP LV FKDUDFWHULVHG E\ KLJKHU
FRQFHQWUDWLRQ RI PDJQHVLXP DQG VRGLXP DQG
PDUNHGO\ OHVV VWURQWLXPDQGSKRVSKRUXVFRPSDUHG
WR9$'7KHÁXFWXDWLRQVRIDOOWKHVHHOHPHQWVDORQJJURZWKSURÀOHVDUHHYLGHQWO\FRUUHODWHGIRU9/'DQG
DSSDUHQWO\UDQGRPIRU9$'7KHVHÀQGLQJVDUJXH
IRUDKLJKHUUHVLGHQFH WLPH LQWKHVRLO DQGHSLNDUVW
DERYH&RYDGHV3DVGH9DOOJRUQHUD9/'WKDQDERYH
&RYDGH&DOD9DUTXHV$9$'7KLVLVVREHFDXVHLQ
WHPSHUDWHUHJLRQVVROXWHDFTXLVLWLRQE\NDUVWZDWHUV
JHQHUDOO\GHSHQGVRQZDWHUUHVLGHQFHWLPHDQGWHQGV
WRLQFUHDVHGXULQJGULHUSHULRGVZKHQUHVLGHQFHWLPHV
DUHORQJHU)DLUFKLOGHWDO7KLVVHHPVWREH
WUXHIRU&RYDGHV3DVGH9DOOJRUQHUDZKLFKLVORFDWHG
IDUWKHU LQODQG XQGHU D EXVK0HGLWHUUDQHDQ VFUXE
FRYHUDOWHUQDWLQJZLWKFXOWLYDWHGJUDVVODQGZKHUHDV
$!
"
"
"
"
$!
"
"
$!
"
"
$!
"
"
$!
"
"
# #
# #
# #
)LJ0DMRU&D0J1DDQGWUDFHHOHPHQWV6U3SUR¿OHVDFURVVWKHYDGRVHVXSSRUWVRI9$'DQG9/'VSHOHRWKHPV$OO<D[HVDUHVLPLODUWREHWWHU
LOOXVWUDWHGLIIHUHQWDEXQGDQFHVDQGFKDQJHV3UR¿OHORFDWLRQVDUHVKRZQLQ)LJXUHVDQG
&RPSDULVRQRI &DQG87KDJHVRIWZR+RORFHQHSKUHDWLFRYHUJURZWKVRQVSHOHRWKHPVIURP0DOORUFD:HVWHUQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQ(QYLURQPHQWDOLPSOLFDWLRQV
,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI6SHOHRORJ\7DPSD)/86$-DQXDU\
8/3/2019 Comparison of 14C and U-Th Ages of Two Holocene Phreatic Overgrow
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/comparison-of-14c-and-u-th-ages-of-two-holocene-phreatic-overgrow 6/8
&RYDGH&DOD9DUTXHV$RSHQVYHU\FORVHWRWKHFRDVW
OLQHEHQHDWKDURFN\VXSUDOLWWRUDONDUUHQÀHOGFRYHUHG
E\ D GLVFRQWLQXRXV DQG WKLQ VRLO ZLWK YHU\ VFDUFH
QDWXUDO YHJHWDWLRQ )XUWKHUPRUH WKH WKLFNQHVV
RIWKH URFNFRYHULV JUHDWHU DERYH&RYDGHV3DV GH
9DOOJRUQHUD DSSUR[LPDWHO\PFRPSDUHGWR&RYD
GH&DOD9DUTXHV$ZKHUHRQO\UHDFKHVDIHZPHWUHV
)LQDOO\ORRNLQJDWWKHFDUERQLVRWRSLFFRPSRVLWLRQRI
9/'326LWLVSRVVLEOHWRREVHUYHWKDWLWLVVOLJKWO\
PRUHQHJDWLYHIURPWRÆ93'%WKDQWKDWRI&RYDGH&DOD9DUTXHV$EXWIDLUO\KRPRJHQHRXV
,IDORQJUHVLGHQFHWLPHLQWKHVRLODQGHSLNDUVWRI
&RYD GHV 3DV GH9DOOJRUQHUD DQG D VKRUWHU RQH DW
&RYDGH&DOD9DUTXHV$DUHLQIHUUHGWKHUHODWLYHGHDG
FDUERQ SURSRUWLRQ GFS LQ DOO VXEVDPSOHV FDQ EH
FDOFXODWHGIURPWKHIROORZLQJHTXDWLRQE\*HQW\HWDO
GFS
ZKHUHD
&LQLWLVWKHLQLWLDO
&DFWLYLW\RIWKHFDOFLWHDQGD&DWPÃLQLW
LVWKHDWPRVSKHULF &DFWLYLW\DWWLPH
RIGHSRVLWLRQ
6LQFHWKHLQLWLDO&DFWLYLW\RIFDOFLWHLVHTXDOWR
ZKHUHD&PHDV
LVWKHPHDVXUHGUDGLRFDUERQDFWLYLW\
FRUUHFWHGIRULVRWRSLFIUDFWLRQDWLRQhLVWKH&GHFD\
FRQVWDQWFDOFXODWHGIURPWKH/LEE\KDOIOLIHDQGWLV
WLPHDQGWKHLQLWLDO &DFWLYLW\RIWKHDWPRVSKHUHLV
JLYHQE\WKHIROORZLQJHTXDWLRQ
ZKHUHD &DWPPHDV
UHSUHVHQWVWKH&DFWLYLW\ RI WKH
DWPRVSKHUH REWDLQHG E\ FRQYHUWLQJ WKH 87K DJH
LQWRD&DFWLYLW\E\PHDQVRIWKHFDOLEUDWLRQFXUYH
LQW&DO5HLPHUHWDOWKHQWKHÀUVWHTXDWLRQ
EHFRPHV
GFS
&DOFXODWHG GHDG FDUERQ SURSRUWLRQ YDOXHV DUHUHSRUWHGLQ7DEOHDQGGLVSOD\HGLQ)LJ7DEOHDOVR
UHSRUWVD &DWPPHDV
DQGD &PHDV
GDWDXVHGWRFDOFXODWH
WKHYDOXHVRIGFS
7KHSRROHGPHDQRISHUFHQWGFSYDOXHVFDOFXODWHG
IRU VXEVDPSOHV IURP WKH SKUHDWLF RYHUJURZWK RI
&RYDGH&DOD9DUTXHV$LVmDQGWKHUH
LV SUREDELOLW\ WKDW DOO RI WKHP UHSUHVHQW WKH
VDPHWUXHYDOXHWWHVW7KHSRROHGPHDQWDNHVLQWR
DFFRXQW WKH SUHFLVLRQ RI GDWD VWDQGDUG GHYLDWLRQ
DQG FRQVHTXHQWO\ WKH ZHLJKW RI GFS FDOFXODWHG IRU
VXEVDPSOHV9$'DQG9$'LVORZEHFDXVHRI
WKHODUJHXQFHUWDLQWLHV7KLVKLJKOLJKWVWKHQHJOLJLEOH
HIIHFWRIZDWHUVRLOURFNLQWHUDFWLRQKDVRQ&GDWDRI
WKHFDUERQDWHHQFUXVWDWLRQVXEVDPSOHVDQG
7KHQHJDWLYHSURSRUWLRQRIGHDGFDUERQUHFRUGHGE\
VXEVDPSOHLVQRWVWDWLVWLFDOO\GLIIHUHQWIURPWKDWRI
RWKHUVXEVDPSOHV&RQVHTXHQWO\QRFRQVLGHUDWLRQRQWKHDGGLWLRQRIPRGHUQ FDUERQIURPRUJDQLFPDWWHU
WR WKH SRURXV VWUXFWXUH RIRXWHUPRVW OD\HUV RI WKLV
RYHUJURZWKFDQEHDGYDQFHGDQGGRFXPHQWHG
9DOXHVRISHUFHQWGHDGFDUERQSURSRUWLRQFDOFXODWHG
IURPVSHOHRWKHPV9/'DUHYHU\ FRQVWDQWDQG WKH
SRROHG PHDQ LV 7KLV PHDQ YDOXH LV
VLJQLÀFDQWO\KLJKHUWKDQ WKDWREWDLQHG IRU3269$
'2XUUHVXOWVDSSURDFKWKHUDQJHLQGFSRI
UHSRUWHGE\%DVWLQ*HZHOW+ROPJUHQHWDO
*HQW\HWDODQG%HFNHWDOIRU
+RORFHQHDQG3OHLVWRFHQHVSHOHRWKHPVIURPGLIIHUHQW
SDUWVRIWKHZRUOG
7KH YDOXHV RI GFS FRQÀUPD VWURQJHUZDWHUVRLO
URFN LQWHUDFWLRQ RI SUHFLSLWDWLQJ ZDWHU LQ&RYD GHV3DVGH9DOOJRUQHUDFRPSDUHGWR&RYDGH&DOD9DUTXHV
$$ORQJHUUHVLGHQFHWLPHRISHUFRODWLRQZDWHULVLQ
WXUQUHODWHGWRDVWURQJHUVROXWHDFTXLVLWLRQE\NDUVW
ZDWHUV WKDW SUHVXPDEO\ IDYRXUHG WKH SUHFLSLWDWLRQ
RI DUDJRQLWH LQVWHDG RI FDOFLWH DW &RYD GHV 3DV GH
9DOOJRUQHUD $FWXDOO\ WKHSUHFLSLWDWLRQ RI DUDJRQLWH
ZDV SUREDEO\ SURPRWHG E\ WKH KLJK PDJQHVLXP
FRQWHQW RI SUHFLSLWDWLQJ ZDWHUV DV FOHDUO\ LQIHUUHG
IURP WKH HOHFWURQ PLFURSUREH DQDO\VHV RI 9/'
YDGRVHVXSSRUW )LJ7KHLQWHQVHZDWHUVRLOURFN
LQWHUDFWLRQFDXVHGDVWURQJHQULFKPHQWLQPDJQHVLXP
ZKLFKPD\KDYHLQKLELWHGFDOFLWHSUHFLSLWDWLRQRYHUWKH
YDGRVHVXSSRUW7KLVK\SRWKHVLVDJUHHVZLWK%HUQHU·V H[SHULPHQWV ZKHUH GLVVROYHG PDJQHVLXP
DSSHDUVWRGHFUHDVHWKHUDWHRIFDOFLWHFU\VWDOJURZWK
EXWKDYHQRHIIHFWRQDUDJRQLWHFU\VWDOOL]DWLRQ
&21&/86,21687KDJHVRISKUHDWLFRYHUJURZWKVRQVSHOHRWKHPV
IURPFRDVWDOFDYHVRI0DOORUFD6SDLQDUHLQFUHDVLQJO\
JDLQLQJ DWWHQWLRQ IURP WKH VFLHQWLÀF FRPPXQLW\
EHFDXVHWKH\DOORZWRSUHFLVHO\FRQVWUDLQLQJVHDOHYHO
FKDQJHVGXULQJWKH+RORFHQH7XFFLPHLHWDO
DQG/DWH3OHLVWRFHQH9HVLFDHWDO7XFFLPHLHW
DO'RUDOHHWDO
3DROD7XFFLPHL0DUN9DQ6WU\GRQFN$QJHO*LQpV-RDTXtQ*LQpV0LFKHOH6ROLJR,JRU09LOODDQG-RDQ-)RUQyV
,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI6SHOHRORJ\7DPSD)/86$-DQXDU\
)LJ'HDGFDUERQSURSRUWLRQVGFSRIGDWHGVXEVDPSOHVIURP9$'
DQG9/'VSHOHRWKHPV
8/3/2019 Comparison of 14C and U-Th Ages of Two Holocene Phreatic Overgrow
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/comparison-of-14c-and-u-th-ages-of-two-holocene-phreatic-overgrow 7/8
+HUHZHLQYHVWLJDWHWKHSRWHQWLDORIWKHVHVSHOHRWKHP
HQFUXVWDWLRQV WR EH & GDWHG E\ FRPSDULQJ
UDGLRFDUERQDJHUHVXOWVRI+RORFHQHVSHOHRWKHPVZLWK
8VHULHVGDWD&GDWDZHUHQRWFDOLEUDWHGEHFDXVHWKH
VRXUFHRIFDUERQLVXQNQRZQSRVVLEO\UHSUHVHQWLQJD
PL[WXUHRIFDUERQIURPGLIIHUHQWUHVHUYRLUV
7KHRXWFRPHVRI&DJHVDUHVWURQJO\VLWHGHSHQGHQW
DQGDSSHDUUHODWHGWRWKHORFDOUHVLGHQFHWLPHRIZDWHU
LQÀOWUDWLRQWKURXJKWKHVRLODQGHSLNDUVW:KHQ WKH
ZDWHUWUDQVLWLVIDVWDQGKDVOLPLWHGLQWHUDFWLRQZLWKVRLODQGEHGURFNDVVHHPWREHWKHFDVHDW&RYDGH
&DOD 9DUTXHV $ WKH VRFDOOHG ´UHVHUYRLUµ HIIHFW LV
QHJOLJLEOHDQG&DQG87KDJHVFRUUHVSRQGVZLWKLQ
WKH HUURU UDQJH +RZHYHU ZKHQ WKH UHVLGHQFH WLPH
LV ORQJHU DV SUREDEO\ RFFXUV LQ &RYD GHV 3DV GH
9DOOJRUQHUD&DJHVDUHVLJQLÀFDQWO\ROGHUDVVKRZQ
E\WKHKLJKYDOXHVRIGFSWKHVHGDWDDVZHOO
DVWKHb&FRPSRVLWLRQRIVSHOHRWKHPVUHVXOWTXLWH
FRQVWDQWGHPRQVWUDWLQJWKHVWDELOLW\RIWKHVHFKHPLFDO
V\VWHPVRYHUWKHODVW\HDUV7KLVLQYHVWLJDWLRQ
SURYLGHV D ÀUVW FRQWULEXWLRQ WR DVVHVV SRWHQWLDO
SUREOHPVUHODWHGWRIXWXUHDSSOLFDWLRQRIUDGLRFDUERQ
GDWLQJ WR VSHOHRWKHP RYHUJURZWKV 326 VWXGLHV(QYLURQPHQWDO LPSOLFDWLRQV FRQFHUQLQJ ZDWHUVRLO
URFNLQWHUDFWLRQSURFHVVHVFOLPDWRORJ\DQGK\GURORJ\
LQFRDVWDONDUVWV\VWHPVDUHVXJJHVWHG
,QFRQFOXVLRQLWLVZRUWKQRWLQJWKDWVWXGLHVRQ326
FKURQRORJ\EDVHGRQ&GDWLQJVKRXOGEHLQWHJUDWHG
ZLWK LQYHVWLJDWLRQ RQ WUDFH HOHPHQWV GLVWULEXWLRQ
DORQJ JURZWK SURÀOHV RI YDGRVH VXSSRUWV LQ RUGHU
WRFROOHFWLQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKHLQWHUDFWLRQDPRQJ WKH
IUHVKZDWHUFRPSRQHQWRISUHFLSLWDWLQJVROXWLRQVWKH
VRLO DQGWKHHSLNDUVW$EXQGDQFHVDQGFRUUHODWLRQV
DPRQJ HOHPHQWV FRXOG SURYLGH IXUWKHU HYLGHQFH RI
ORQJHU UHVLGHQFH WLPH DQGSRVVLEOHLQFRUSRUDWLRQRI
GHDGFDUERQ
7KLVVWXG\VKRZVWKDWWKHXVHRIUDGLRFDUERQGDWLQJLQ JHQHUDWLQJ 326 FKURQRORJLHV LV SURPLVLQJ EXW
LQ VRPH VLWXDWLRQV VWLOO SUREOHPDWLFZKHUHDV 87K
GDWLQJ UHPDLQV WKH EHVW DSSURDFK WR VWXG\ WKHVH
VSHOHRWKHPHQFUXVWDWLRQV
$&.12:/('*(0(176 7KLVZRUNZDVVXSSRUWHGE\ WKHUHVHDUFK IXQGRI
0,&,11)('(5 3URMHFW &*/&
DQG0,&,113URMHFW&*/RIWKH6SDQLVK
*RYHUQPHQW --)$QGUHD&DYDOORDQG6LOYLR0ROOR
DUH WKDQNHG IRU (03 DQDO\VHV %RJGDQ 2QDF LV
DOVR WKDQNHG IRU KLV LPSURYHPHQWV RQ WKH IRUPHU
PDQXVFULSW
5()(5(1&(6%DVWLQ % *HZHOW 0 $QDO\VH SROOLQLTXH HW
GDWDWLRQ&GHVFRQFUpWLRQVVWDODJPLWLTXHV+RORFqQHV
$SSRUWV FRPSOHPHQWDLUHV GHV GHX[ PpWKRGHV
*pRJUDSKLH3K\VLTXHHW4XDWHUQDLUH
%HFN -: 5LFKDUGV '$ (GZDUGV 5/ 6LOYHUPDQ
%: 6PDUW 3/ 'RQDKXH '- +HUHUUD2VWHUKHOG
6%XUU*6&DOVR\DV/-XOO$-7%LGGXOSK'
([WUHPHO\ ODUJH YDULDWLRQV RIDWPRVSKHULF &
FRQFHQWUDWLRQ GXULQJ WKH ODVW JODFLDO SHULRG 6FLHQFH
%HUQHU 5$ 7KH UROH RI PDJQHVLXP LQ WKH
FU\VWDOJURZWKRIFDOFLWHDQGDUDJRQLWHIURPVHDZDWHU
*HRFKLPLFDHW&RVPRFKLPLFD$FWD
&KHQJ+(GZDUGV5/+RII-*DOOXS&'5LFKDUGV
'$$VPHUR<7KHKDOIOLYHVRIXUDQLXP
DQGWKRULXP &KHPLFDO*HRORJ\
'RUDOH-$2QDF%3)RUQyV--*LQpV-*LQpV$
7XFFLPHL33HDWH':6HDOHYHOKLJKVWDQG
\HDUVDJRLQ0DOORUFD 6FLHQFH
)DLUFKLOG,-%RUVDWR$7RRWK$)ULVLD6+DZNHVZRUWK
&-<LPLQJ+0F'HUPRWW)6SLUR%&RQWURO
RQWUDFHHOHPHQW6U0JFRPSRVLWLRQVRIFDUERQDWHFDYH
ZDWHU LPSOLFDWLRQV IRU VSHOHRWKHP FOLPDWLF UHFRUGV
&KHPLFDO*HRORJ\
)OHLWPDQQ ' %XUQV 6- 0DQJLQL $ 0XGHOVHH 0
.UDPHUV-9LOOD,01HII8$O6XEEDU\$$%XHWWQHU
$+LSSOHU'0DWWHU$+RORFHQH,7&=DQG
,QGLDQ PRQVRRQ G\QDPLFV UHFRUGHG LQ VWDODJPLWHV
IURP2PDQDQG<HPHQ6RFRWUD 4XDWHUQDU\6FLHQFH
5HYLHZV
)RUQyV--*HODEHUW%/LWKRORJ\DQGWHFWRQLFV
RIWKH0DOORUFDQNDUVW ,Q*LQpV$*LQpV-(GV
.DUVWDQG&DYHVRI0DOORUFD (QGLQV)RUQyV--*LQpV$*LQpV - *UjFLD )0HULQR$
&LIUH-+LHUUR ) +\SRJHQHVSHOHRJHQHWLF
HYLGHQFHV LQ WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI &RYD GHV 3DV GH
9DOOJRUQHUD 0DOORUFD LVODQGZHVWHUQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQ
,Q$QGUHR%&DUUDVFR)'XUiQ--/D0RUHDX[
-: (GV $GYDQFHV LQ5HVHDUFK LQ.DUVW0HGLD
6SULQJHU9HUODJ
*HODEHUW%6jEDW)5RGUtJXH]3HUHD$$Q
VWUXFWXUDORXWOLQHRIWKH6HUUDGH7UDPXQWDQDRI0DOORUFD
%DOHDULF,VODQGV 7HFWRQRSK\VLFV
*HQW\'9RNDO%2EHOLF%0DVVDXOW0 %RPE &WLPHKLVWRU\UHFRUGHGLQWZRPRGHUQVWDODJPLWHV²
LPSRUWDQFHIRUVRLORUJDQLFPDWWHUG\QDPLFVDQGERPE
&GLVWULEXWLRQRYHUFRQWLQHQWV (DUWK3ODQHWDU\6FLHQFH/HWWHUV
*HQW\'0DVVDXOW0*LOPRXU0%DNHU$9HUKH\GHQ
6.HSSHQV(&DOFXODWLRQRISDVWGHDGFDUERQ
SURSRUWLRQ DQG YDULDELOLW\ E\ WKH FRPSDULVRQ RI$06 &DQG7,0687KDJHVRQWZR+RORFHQHVWDODJPLWHV
5DGLRFDUERQ
*LQpV-*LQpV$)RUQyV--0HULQR$*UjFLD)
2QWKHUROHRIK\SRJHQHVSHOHRJHQHVLVLQVKDSLQJ
WKH FRDVWDO HQGRNDUVW RI VRXWKHUQ 0DOORUFD :HVWHUQ
0HGLWHUUDQHDQ ,Q.OLPFKRXN$%)RUG'&(GV
+\SRJHQH6SHOHRJHQHVLVDQG.DUVW+\GURJHRORJ\RI
$UWHVLDQ%DVLQV 8NUDLQLDQ,QVWLWXWHRI6SHOHRORJ\DQG
.DUVWRORJ\6SHFLDO3DSHU*LQpV - *LQpV $ 3RPDU / 0RUSKRORJLFDO
DQG PLQHUDORJLFDO IHDWXUHV RI SKUHDWLF VSHOHRWKHPV
RFFXUULQJLQFRDVWDOFDYHVRI0DMRUFD6SDLQ 3URFRIWK
,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQJUHVVRI6SHOHRORJ\%RZOLQJ*UHHQ
86$
*RVODU7+HUFPDQ+3D]GXU$ &RPSDULVRQ
RI 8VHULHV DQG UDGLRFDUERQ GDWHV RI VSHOHRWKHPV
5DGLRFDUERQ
+HQG\&+7KHXVHRI &LQWKHVWXG\RIFDYH
SURFHVVHV 7ZHOIWK6\PSRVLXP5DGLRFDUERQ9DULDWLRQV
DQG $EVROXWH &KURQRORJ\ $OPTYLVW DQG :LNVHOO
6WRFNKROPDQG:LOH\DQG6RQV1HZ<RUN
&RPSDULVRQRI &DQG87KDJHVRIWZR+RORFHQHSKUHDWLFRYHUJURZWKVRQVSHOHRWKHPVIURP0DOORUFD:HVWHUQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQ(QYLURQPHQWDOLPSOLFDWLRQV
,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI6SHOHRORJ\7DPSD)/86$-DQXDU\
8/3/2019 Comparison of 14C and U-Th Ages of Two Holocene Phreatic Overgrow
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/comparison-of-14c-and-u-th-ages-of-two-holocene-phreatic-overgrow 8/8
+ROPJUHQ . /DXULW]HQ 6( 3RVVQHUW * 7K 8DQG &GDWLQJRID/DWH3OHLVWRFHQHVWDODJPLWH
LQ /REDWVH ,, &DYH %RWVZDQD 4XDWHUQDU\ 6FLHQFH
5HYLHZV
/XGZLJ .5 8VLQJ ,VRSORW([ YHUVLRQ $
JHRFKURQRORJLFDO WRRONLW IRU 0LFURVRIW ([FHO %HUNHOH\
*HRFKURQRORJ\&WU6SHF3XE
1DGHDX0-*URRWHV306FKOLHFKHU0+DVVHOEHUJ
35LHFN$%LWWHUOLQJ06DPSOHWKURXJKSXW
DQG GDWD TXDOLW\ DW WKH /HLEQL]/DERU $06 IDFLOLW\
5DGLRFDUERQ
3RPDU / *LQpV $ *LQpV - 0RUIRORJtD
HVWUXFWXUD\ RULJHQGH ORVHVSHOHRWHPDVHSLDFXiWLFRV
(QGLQV
5HLPHU3- %DLOOLH0*/ %DUG( %D\OLVV$ %HFN
-: %ODFNZHOO 3* %URQN5DPVH\ & %XFN &(
%XUU*6(GZDUGV5/)ULHGULFK0*URRWHV30
*XLOGHUVRQ 73 +DMGDV , +HDWRQ 7- +RJJ $*
+XJKHQ.$.DLVHU.).URPHU%0F&RUPDF)*
0DQQLQJ6:5HLPHU5:5LFKDUGV'$ 6RXWKRQ
-5 7DODPR6 7XUQH\ &60 YDQ GHU 3OLFKW -
:H\KHQPH\HU &( ,QW&DO DQG 0DULQH
UDGLRFDUERQDJHFDOLEUDWLRQFXUYHV²\HDUVFDO%3 5DGLRFDUERQ
6WXLYHU 0 3RODFK + 5HSRUWLQJ & GDWD
5DGLRFDUERQ
7XFFLPHL3*LQpV-'HOLWDOD0&*LQpV$*UDFLD)
)RUQyV-- 7DGGHXFFL $ /DVW LQWHUJODFLDO
VHD OHYHO FKDQJHV LQ 0DOORUFD LVODQG :HVWHUQ
0HGLWHUUDQHDQ +LJK SUHFLVLRQ 8VHULHV GDWD IURP
SKUHDWLF RYHUJURZWK RQ VSHOHRWKHPV =HLWVFKULIW IU
*HRPRUSKRORJLH
7XFFLPHL36ROLJR0)RUQyV--*LQpV$*LQpV-
2QDF%39LOOD,03UHFLSLWDWLRQRISKUHDWLF
RYHUJURZWKV DW WKH ZDWHU WDEOH RI PHWHRULFPDULQH
PL[LQJ]RQHVLQFRDVWDOFDYHV\VWHPVDXVHIXOWRROLQ
VHDOHYHOFKDQJHUHFRQVWUXFWLRQ ,Q:KLWH:%(G
3URF RI WK ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQJUHVV RI 6SHOHRORJ\
.HUUYLOOH86$V\PSRVLDSDUW
7XFFLPHL 36ROLJR 0 *LQpV-*LQpV$ )RUQyV-
.UDPHUV-9LOOD,0&RQVWUDLQLQJ+RORFHQH
VHDOHYHOVXVLQJ87K DJHVRI SKUHDWLFRYHUJURZWKRQ
VSHOHRWKHPV IURP FRDVWDO FDYHV LQ0DOORUFD :HVWHUQ
0HGLWHUUDQHDQ (DUWK 6XUIDFH 3URFHVVHV DQG
/DQGIRUPV
9DQ6WU\GRQFN09DQ GHU %RUJ. 7KH
FRQVWUXFWLRQRIDSUHSDUDWLRQOLQHIRU$06WDUJHWVDWWKH
5R\DO,QVWLWXWHIRU&XOWXUDO+HULWDJH%UXVVHOV %XOOHWLQ
.RQ,QVWYK.XQVWSDWULPRQLXP
9HVLFD37XFFLPHL37XUL%)RUQyV--*LQpV$
*LQpV - /DWH 3OHLVWRFHQH SDOHRFOLPDWHVDQG
VHDOHYHOFKDQJHLQWKH0HGLWHUUDQHDQDVLQIHUUHGIURP
VWDEOHLVRWRSHDQG8VHULHVVWXGLHVRIRYHUJURZWKVRQ
VSHOHRWKHPV 0DOORUFD 6SDLQ 4XDWHUQDU\ 6FLHQFH
5HYLHZV9RJHO-&.URQIHOG-&DOLEUDWLRQRIUDGLRFDUERQ
GDWHV IRU WKH ODWH 3OHLVWRFHQH XVLQJ 87K GDWHV RQ
VWDODJPLWHV 5DGLRFDUERQ
:HGHSRKO.+7KHFRPSRVLWLRQRIWKHFRQWLQHQWDO
FUXVW *HRFKLPLFD&RVPRFKLPLFD$FWD
:LJOH\70/3OXPPHU/13HDUVRQ)-0DVV
WUDQVIHUDQGFDUERQLVRWRSHHYROXWLRQLQQDWXUDOZDWHUV
V\VWHPV *HRFKLPLFD&RVPRFKLPLFD $FWD
,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI6SHOHRORJ\7DPSD)/86$-DQXDU\
3DROD7XFFLPHL0DUN9DQ6WU\GRQFN$QJHO*LQpV-RDTXtQ*LQpV0LFKHOH6ROLJR,JRU09LOODDQG-RDQ-)RUQyV