Comparing Windows NT Comparing Windows NT and Netware 4and Netware 4

Tony BrettTony Brett

IT Systems ManagerIT Systems Manager

Corpus Christi CollegeCorpus Christi College

Tel. 76695, Tel. 76695,

e-mail: tony.brett@ccc.ox.ac.uke-mail: tony.brett@ccc.ox.ac.uk

O.U.C.S. 25 & 26 November 1998O.U.C.S. 25 & 26 November 1998

Why this talk?Why this talk?

Corpus Christi CollegeCorpus Christi College Currently NT 4.0/3.51 systemCurrently NT 4.0/3.51 system 2 domains2 domains Moving to Netware 4.11Moving to Netware 4.11

What Users NeedWhat Users Need

A way to receive and A way to receive and send E-mailsend E-mail

A way to PrintA way to Print Somewhere to keep Somewhere to keep

files safefiles safe Access to the internetAccess to the internet Access to standard Access to standard

office-type office-type applicationsapplications

What IT Staff NeedWhat IT Staff Need

A system that is standard, and off-A system that is standard, and off-the shelfthe shelf

A system that can continue to be A system that can continue to be supported if staff changesupported if staff change

Public machines configured so they Public machines configured so they don’t need constant reconfigurationdon’t need constant reconfiguration

Reduced cost of ownershipReduced cost of ownership

Why are we moving ? (1)Why are we moving ? (1)

Many Institutions moving from Many Institutions moving from Netware to NT.Netware to NT.

Microsoft Marketing.Microsoft Marketing. Who buys NT for Domains?Who buys NT for Domains? Domains are not scalable, not Domains are not scalable, not

hierarchical, not distributed.hierarchical, not distributed. More sensible filing system - shares More sensible filing system - shares

are archaic!are archaic!

Why are we moving ? (2)Why are we moving ? (2)

Novell only produce Network Novell only produce Network software.software.

NT Server almost identical to NT NT Server almost identical to NT workstation. Minor changes.workstation. Minor changes.

No quota in NT!No quota in NT! Trust relationships rapidly become Trust relationships rapidly become

unmanageable.unmanageable. Directory Services is the answer!Directory Services is the answer!

Novell Directory Services.Novell Directory Services.

Heirarchical, reflecting College Structure.Heirarchical, reflecting College Structure. NDS based on X500 standardNDS based on X500 standard No one server is any more “the boss” No one server is any more “the boss”

than another.than another. Database is distributed and replicated.Database is distributed and replicated. Objects can exist for every entity on the Objects can exist for every entity on the

network.network. Single point of management - NWAdmin.Single point of management - NWAdmin.

Novell Directory ServicesNovell Directory Services

Established Established since early since early ‘90s‘90s

Solid and Solid and reliablereliable

No downtime No downtime in Medical in Medical School since School since late 1995late 1995

Microsoft’s Current Microsoft’s Current Offering: DomainsOffering: Domains

• Flat structureFlat structure• Four object typesFour object types

– UserUser– Global and local groupsGlobal and local groups– ComputerComputer

• Non-extensibleNon-extensible– Cannot define new object types or Cannot define new object types or

attributesattributes– SQL server, post office, applicationSQL server, post office, application– E-mail address, phone numberE-mail address, phone number

Domain AdministrationDomain Administration

Administration by object type, not Administration by object type, not individual objects or attributesindividual objects or attributes• Account operatorsAccount operators

– Manage all users of the domainManage all users of the domain

• Print operatorsPrint operators– Manage all printers of the domainManage all printers of the domain

• Server operatorsServer operators– Manage all servers of the domainManage all servers of the domain

Cannot assign individual administrative Cannot assign individual administrative rightsrights

Trust RelationshipsTrust Relationships

TRUST RELATIONSHIP

Domain B TRUSTS Domain A

Users in Domain A can be granted rights to use resources

in Domain B

Domain A Domain B

Microsoft’s Offering Microsoft’s Offering sometime in the future: sometime in the future: MADMAD

Moves some way towards NDSMoves some way towards NDS MAD O.U.s cannot:MAD O.U.s cannot:

• Grant rights to other MAD objectsGrant rights to other MAD objects– Users, other organizational units, groupsUsers, other organizational units, groups

• Grant rights to resourcesGrant rights to resources– PrintersPrinters– File system, SharesFile system, Shares

• Inherit services based on OUInherit services based on OU– ApplicationsApplications (NAL)(NAL)

When will it Appear?When will it Appear?

Sometime 1999?Sometime 1999? Rename to Windows2000Rename to Windows2000 Y2K issues?Y2K issues? Is it wise to move production servers Is it wise to move production servers

to a completely re-written OS before to a completely re-written OS before one or two service packs?one or two service packs?

All workstations will have to upgrade All workstations will have to upgrade to Win2000 to take advantageto Win2000 to take advantage

Analyst Reports—Windows Analyst Reports—Windows NTNT

“I think Microsoft has a lot of work left. I wouldn’t be surprised to see the [Windows] NT 5.0 deliverable list go from a dictionary to a pamphlet.”

Jon Oltsik, Forrester Research (As quoted in LAN Times, “Windows NT 5.0 stakeout,” R. Schott Raynovich, March 2, 1998)

“If people are looking to reduce costs [they] shouldn’t be waiting for [Windows] NT 5.0”

Mike Silver, Gartner Group Inc., (As quoted in LAN Times, “Microsoft must sharpen ZAW, R. Scott Raynovich, March 2, 1998)

Other Issues (1)Other Issues (1)

Workstation restrictionsWorkstation restrictions

NT - only 8 PC workstations

Netware - properly configurable

Other Issues (2)Other Issues (2)

Shares:Shares:• LAN Manager relic because no space in LAN Manager relic because no space in

FAT file system for permissions.FAT file system for permissions.• Access to files depends on which share Access to files depends on which share

you go through.you go through.• E.g. c:\winnt\system32\repl\import\E.g. c:\winnt\system32\repl\import\

scripts vs. NETLOGONscripts vs. NETLOGON Novell File system has no concept of Novell File system has no concept of

shares - permissions are on files.shares - permissions are on files.

Managing desktop MS Managing desktop MS Operating systemsOperating systems

Where NT Where NT isis useful useful

NT is brilliant as a desktop operating NT is brilliant as a desktop operating systemsystem• SecureSecure• ManageableManageable• FastFast• StableStable• True 32-bitTrue 32-bit

Novell ZEN works makes running all Novell ZEN works makes running all workstations simpleworkstations simple

Features of ZEN worksFeatures of ZEN works

Novell Application LauncherNovell Application Launcher

Novell Application Novell Application LauncherLauncher

Network - centric applicationsNetwork - centric applications Automatic install and repair of Automatic install and repair of

applicationsapplications

Workstation & User Workstation & User PoliciesPolicies

For Win 3.1, 95, 98 and NTFor Win 3.1, 95, 98 and NT Held in NDS - no more config.pol Held in NDS - no more config.pol

files!files!

Workstation inventoryWorkstation inventory

Remote ControlRemote Control

Can take over workstations, with or Can take over workstations, with or without users knowledge or without users knowledge or permissionpermission

Enables easy remote supportEnables easy remote support Can log in and out of NT Can log in and out of NT

workstationworkstation

Dynamic User AccountsDynamic User Accounts

snAppShotsnAppShot

snAppShotsnAppShot

Installing an ApplicationInstalling an Application• What changed?What changed?

– Files added, removed, changedFiles added, removed, changed– registry settingsregistry settings– text file changestext file changes

All data stored in NDSAll data stored in NDS Variables can be used to customiseVariables can be used to customise Use normall install program. Use normall install program.

snAppShot works out what changed.snAppShot works out what changed.

Microsoft’s OfferingMicrosoft’s Offering

Systems Management ServerSystems Management Server Offers hardware inventory and Offers hardware inventory and

remote controlremote control Used to offer Program Group Used to offer Program Group

Control for delivering applications Control for delivering applications but:but:It should be noted that shortly after the development of

CCCDesk, Microsoft announced that Program Group Control would not be continued in the next version of SMS.

-Matthew Dovey, Corpus Christi College Computer Network, Installation and Maintenance Manual, Volume 1, page 43

Questions?Questions?