Comparative Political Systems Russia Mrs. VanWart.
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Transcript of Comparative Political Systems Russia Mrs. VanWart.
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Comparative Political SystemsComparative Political Systems
RussiaRussia
Mrs. VanWartMrs. VanWart
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RussiaRussia
Official name: The Russian Federation (1991)
Capital: Moscow
Population: Approx. 145M
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RussiaRussia
http://historysshadow.wordpress.com/tag/stalin/
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RussiaRussia
early political history
•Ivan the Terrible 1547 first tsar
•Romanov dynasty (1613-1917) --Michael I thru Nicholas II
•Peter the Great 1721 --began modernization•Catherine the Great (1762-96) -- “golden age”
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RussiaRussia
Bolshevik Revolution (1917)
•March 1917: --Nicholas II abdicates (later assassinated) --Alexander Kerensky (prov. govt)
•Nov 1917: --Vladimir Lenin & Communists come to power --Soviet Union (USSR) established (1922-1991)
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RussiaRussia
Vladimir Lenin
Bolshevik leader
1st Premier of Soviet Union
Influenced by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
Power grab after his death (1924)
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RussiaRussia
Karl Marx
“The history of all … society is the history of class struggle”
Advocated overthrow of capitalism (socialism, then pure communism)
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RussiaRussia
Joseph Stalin (“man of steel”)
•Took power after Lenin’s death (1924)
•Eliminated opposition through purges
•Modernized USSR; military superpower -- forced collectivization of farms -- rapid industrialization
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RussiaRussia
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RussiaRussia
USSR – Post WWII
•Controlled much of Eastern Europe -- installed Communist govts -- promise of democratic govts not fulfilled -- “iron curtain” divided east & west Europe
•Cold War – tensions with US; no direct fighting (1947-1991) --US policy of “containment”
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“iron curtain” separating Europe (Churchill)
Identical zones in Berlin
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RussiaRussia
Soviet Government Structure
•15 republics (by nationality mostly) -- Russia largest (70% land; 50% people)
-- soviets (councils)
-- “the Kremlin” (Soviet seat of power) “kremlin” = castle, fortress
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RussiaRussia
Soviet Government Structure
•Soviet Constitution
-- basic freedoms not guaranteed -- the state’s interests superseded all
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RussiaRussia
Soviet Government Structure
•Legislature
-- Supreme Soviet -- basically “rubber-stamped” Communist decrees
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RussiaRussia
Soviet Government Structure
•Communist Party (“CPSU”)
-- one-party rule (1917-1990) -- Politburo elected by Central Committee -- headed by General Secretary
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Mikhail Gorbachev’s Reforms (1985)
•perestroika: “restructuring”(political & economic) •glasnost = “openness” (tolerance of dissent & freedom of expression)
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RussiaRussia
Mikhail Gorbachev’s Reforms (1985)
•Legislature:-elections: competitive, multi-party
•Presidency:-new position created (head of state vs. head of party)
•CPSU:-lost power by 1990
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RussiaRussia
Mikhail Gorbachev’s Reforms (1985)
•Reforms (inadvertently) swept Communist govts from power in E. Europe
--Poland 1988 (Solidarity movement)
--Hungary, E.Germany, Czech., Romania, Bulgaria followed
-- “Fall” of Berlin Wall (Nov. 1989)
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“death strip”
EAST
WEST
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RussiaRussia
Mikhail Gorbachev’s Reforms (1985)
•coup attempt (Aug. 1991)
-hardliners put MG under house arrest in Crimea; declare themselves in charge
-Boris Yeltsin (Pres of Russia) led opposition to coup --support of public, military --MG restored to power
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Boris Yeltsin stands atop tank in Red Square
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RussiaRussia
Mikhail Gorbachev’s Reforms (1985)
•Soviet republics declared independence -- signaled collapse of Soviet Union
•Gorbachev resigned Dec. 25, 1991
•Yeltsin became 1st President of Russian Federation
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Mikhail Gorbachev instituted reforms such as perestroika and glasnost because he believed:
a) the USSR should “fall” for its own good, then re-emerge stronger than ever;
b) the USSR needed to change its ways in order to survive socially, politically, and economically;
c) maintaining control over the Eastern Bloc countries was burdensome to the USSR and this was a way to encourage them to declare independence
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Russian Government Today
•Constitution of 1993 --includes free housing (low income), medical care, higher education (competitive basis)
•38-3. Able-bodied children over 18 years of age shall take care of disabled parents.
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RussiaRussia
Russian Government Today
Executive Branch
•Chief of State: President Vladimir Putin (May 2012) (6-year term; no VP) --Putin’s 3rd term (non-consecutive)
•Head of Govt: Prime Minister Dmitriy Medvedev (appointed by President; confirmed by Duma)
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President Putin Prime Minister Medvedev
(previously their positions were switched for 6 years)
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RussiaRussia
Russian Government Today
Legislature (“Federal Assembly”)
•Council of the Federation (upper house)--178 members (2 x 89 regions)
•State Duma (lower house)--450 members (aka “deputies”) --more powerful --may be dissolved (a la Br. House of Commons)
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Russian Government Today
Judiciary (“Constitutional Court”)
•19 judges-- elected to 12-year terms