Comparative_ English Grammar

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COMPARISON OF

ADJECTIVES

http://busyteacher.org/14341-comparative-superlative-activities-how-to-teach.html

http://www.worksheetworks.com/english/partsofspeech/adverbs/comparative-superlative.html

http://bogglesworldesl.com/naturalwondersuperlatives.htm

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ADJECTIVES

Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns

Good, bad, lovely, strange, beautiful,

Red, young, big, small, round, plastic

Food: tasty; deliciousFurniture, buildings: comfortable; uncomfortablePeople, animals: clever

Comparison/kmpars()n/(n) s so snh

Compare/kmp/(v)

Comparative/kmpartv/(adj)

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Adjective

General Opinion

Specific Opinion

Descriptive Adjectives

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

We often have one ortwoadjectives in front of a noun:

E.g:

A beautiful girl; An excellent idea; A big black car; That horrible big dog

A handsome young man

Sometimes we havethreeadjectives, but this isunusual:

E.g:

anicehandsomeyoungman;

abigblackAmericancar;

It is very unusual to have more than three adjectives.


Compare/kmp/(v)


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It is very unusual to have more than three adjectives.
0123456789DeterminerGeneralopinionSpecificopinionSize Shape Age Color Nationality/ Origin MaterialNOUNSA, an, the, my, your, this, those, that, some, a few, many. Big, small largeShort, long round, squareYoungold antiqueRedblueItalian, American,.Silk, wooden, gold, iron, silver, plastic


Compare/kmp/(v)


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Comparison (n) s so snh

Compare (v)

Comparative (adj)

There are two kinds of adjectives:

shortadjectives: 1-syllable adjectives and 2-syllable adjectives ending in y

E.g: old, fast, happy, easy,

longadjectives: 2-syllable adjectives not ending in y and all adjectives of 3 or more syllables

E.g: modern, pleasant, expensive, interesting,


Compare/kmp/(v)


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There are two ways to make or form a comparative adjective:

shortadjectives: add"-er"

longadjectives: use"more"


Short adjectives: add ER

E.g: long => longer, tall => taller,

a) If the word ends in one vowel + consonant: double the consonant

E.g: thin => thinner; hot => hotter; big => bigger

b) If the word ends in two vowels + consonant: do not double the consonant

E.g: : great => greater; poor => poorer

c) If the word ends in e: add r

E.g: large>larger

d) If the adjective ends in -y, change the y to i and add er

E.g: pretty => prettier


f) Irregular adjectives

e) If the adjective ends in er, le, ow: add er

E.g:Clever => cleverer

Simple => simpler

Narrow => narrower
positivecomparativegoodbetterbadworsemuchmoremanymorelittlelesslittlesmaller

EXERCISE
FatLargeRichPoorCleanYoungBadWarmCheapBraveFatterLargerRicherPoorerCleanerYoungerWorseWarmerCheaperBraver


Long adjectives: add MORE

E.g: modern => more modern

expensive => more expensive

* When making comparisons, use THAN:

E.g:

Mary is taller than John.

John is shorter than Mary.

The big television is more expensive than the small one.

This chair is more comfortable than that one.


There are two ways to make or form a comparative adjective:

shortadjectives: add"-er"

longadjectives: use"more"

SUPERLATIVES

As with comparative adjectives, there are two ways to form asuperlative adjective:

shortadjectives: add"-est"

longadjectives: use"most

We also usually add THE at the beginning

- Superlative /supltv/ (n) so snh nht

SUPERLATIVES

Short adjectives: add EST

E.g: long => the longest, tall => the tallest,

a) If the word ends in one vowel + consonant: double the consonant, add EST

E.g: thin => the thinnest;

hot => the hottest; big => the biggest

b) If the word ends in two vowels + consonant: do not double the consonant, add EST

E.g: : great => the greatest; poor => the poorest

c) If the word ends in E: add ST

E.g: large => the largest

d) If the adjective ends in -y, change the y to i and add EST

E.g: pretty => the prettiest

SUPERLATIVES

f) Irregular adjectives

e) If the adjective ends in er, le, ow: add EST

E.g:Clever => the cleverest

Simple => the simplest

Narrow => the narrowest
positivesuperlativegood the bestbad the worstmuch the mostmany the mostlittle the leastlittle the smallest
=> Superlatives are used to compare one thing with several others.

They are used with the...in, or the...of; sometimes they are used with

just the....

E.g: This is the longest river in the world.

This is the most expensive car of them all.

This is the most expensive car here.

In with groups of people and places butofwith everything else

OF: sau plural nouns

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HANDSOME

BEATIFUL

KIND

INTELLIGENT

BRAVE

HONEST

NAUGHTY

GENTLE

LOVELY

cold

positivecomparativesuperlativeclevercleverer / more clevercleverest / most clevercommoncommoner / more commoncommonest / most commonlikelylikelier / more likelylikeliest / most likelypleasantpleasanter / more pleasantpleasantest / most pleasantpolitepoliter / more politepolitest / most politequietquieter / more quietquietest / most quietsimplesimpler / more simplesimplest / most simplestupidstupider / more stupidstupidest / most stupidsubtlesubtler / more subtlesubtlest / most subtlesuresurer / more suresurest / most sure
SPECIAL ADJECTIVES

Some adjectives havetwopossibleformsof comparison (-er/est and more/most).

positivecomparativesuperlativemeaningfarfartherfarthestdistancefurtherfurthestdistanceortimelatelaterlatestlatterxxlastoldolderoldestpeople and thingseldereldestpeople (family)nearnearernearestdistancexnextorder
Difference in meaning with adjectives:

* As as:

To say that two things or people are the same or equal:

E.g: My son is as tall as you.

To say that two things or people are not the same or equal:

E.g: The second half of the football match was not as exciting as the first half

* too,enough

The infinitive with to is often used after too + adjective,

or not + adjective + enough.

It's too cold to swim today.

(We can't swim today. It's too cold.)

NOT AS AS ~ Not SO AS

SO AS : ch dng trong cu ph nh, ko dng cu khng nh

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PARTICIPLE ADJECTIVES

Some participles (like 'bored' or 'boring') can be used as adjectives. These are used in a slightly different way from normal adjectives.

We usually use the past participle (ending in -ed) to talk about how someone feels

E.g: I was reallyboredduring the flight (NOT: I was really boring during the flight).

She'sinterestedin history (NOT: She's really interesting in history).

John'sfrightenedof spiders (NOT: John's frightening of spiders).

We usually use the present participle (ending in -ing) to talk about the person, thing, or situation which has caused the feeling

E.g: It was such a long,boringflight (so I was bored).

I read a reallyinterestingbook about history (so I was interested).

Many people find spidersfrightening(so they're frightened when they see spiders).

ADVERBS OF MANNER

Adverbs of manner are formed from adjectives by adding -LY:

E.g: quick => quickly; polite => politely; careful => carefully

* Irregular adverbs
AdjectiveAdverbgoodwellhardhardfastfastearly early late late loudloud or loudly
He's a good worker. =>

She's a hard worker. =>

She's a fast runner. =>

He works well.

She works hard.

She runs fast.

COMPARISONS OF ADVERB

a) Most adverbs are used with more and most:

E.g: slowly => more slowly, the most slowly

dangerously => more dangerously, the most dangerously

b) One-syllable adverbs add er and est:

E.g: hard => harder, the hardest;

fast => faster, the fastest;

loud => louder, the loudest
AdverbComparatives of AdverbsSuperlatives of Adverbswell better The bestbadlyworse The worst littlelessThe least far farther/ further The farthest/furthest
c) The irregular comparisons are:

DOUBLE COMPARATIVE

1. S + V + (short adj + er) + and + (short adj + er )E.g: The days are longer and longer.

2. S + V + more and more + long adjE.g: Our exercises become more and more difficult

3. S + V + less and less + long adjE.g: She is less and less attentive

4. The more + S + V, + the more + S + V

less less

comparative comparative E.g: The more he gives, the more he receives

The harder/more you study, the better your are

1. This is __________ __________ that one.

2. Their house is _________ __________ _________ ours.

3. He's __________ ___________ you are.

4. A Mercedes is __________ ___________ __________ a Honda.

5. Our teacher is __________ ___________ yours.

6. The weather today is __________ ____________ what it was yesterday.

7. The house looks ___________ ___________ after the housekeepers did their work.

8. We're looking for a _________ ___________neighborhood.

9. Compared to our last experience,

this was ________ _________.

10. It's a lot __________ today ___________ it was yesterday.

This isbetter thanthat one.

2. Their house ismore comfortable thanours.

3. He'staller thanyou are.

4. A Mercedes ismore luxurious thana Honda.

5. Our teacher iseasier thanyours.

6. The weather today iscolder thanwhat it was yesterday.

7. The house looksmuch cleanerafter the housekeepers did their work.

8. We're looking for amore convenientneighborhood.

9. Compared to our last experience, this wasmuch better.

10. It's a lotwindiertodaythanit was yesterday.

Comparative_ English Grammar

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