Comparative Construction II

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Comparative Construction II 2 nd sem. 1433/1434 - Spring 2013 #2 - Punctuation

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Comparative Construction II. 2 nd sem. 1433/1434 - Spring 2013 #2 - Punctuation. Punctuation. 1. When to use a period? At the end of a sentence After an initial After an abbreviation As a decimal point After each number in a list. !. 2. When to use an exclamation mark? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Comparative Construction II

Page 1: Comparative Construction II

Comparative Construction II2nd sem. 1433/1434 - Spring 2013

#2 - Punctuation

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Punctuation

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.1. When to use a period?

•At the end of a sentence•After an initial•After an abbreviation•As a decimal point•After each number in a list

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!2. When to use an exclamation mark?

•At the end of a sentence, phrase, or word that indicates strong emotion

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?3. When to use a question mark?

•At the end of a question•At the end of a declarative statement that is meant to be a question

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,4. When to use a comma?

•After each item in a series of at least three items•After the street address and city in an address•After the day and the year in a date•After every 3 digits in large numbers (exception: years)•To set off interruptions in a sentence

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•To separate 2 or more adjectives modifying the same noun

•After introductory clauses•Before the conjunction in a compound

sentence (exception: if the clauses are too short, no need to use a comma)

•In quotes, to the left of the quotation marks

•After interjections like oh or well

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•After a noun in direct address•After the greeting in personal letters•After the closing in letters•If a pause is necessary to avoid confusion•To set off abbreviations like etc., e.g., and

i.e.

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;5. When to use a semicolon?

•To join two independent clauses (no comma and conjunction are necessary)•To separate items in a series when they contain punctuation, such as commas

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:6. When to use a colon?

•Between hours and minutes•To introduce a list after an independent clause•After the greeting in business/professional letters•Between the title and the subtitle of a book•To introduce a long quotation

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’7. When to use an apostrophe?

•In contractions•When leaving out the first two numbers of a year•To show possession

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“ ”

8. When to use quotation marks?

•Before and after a direct quote•Around words, letters, or symbols that are slang or being used in a special way•Use single quotation marks for quotation marks within quotations•Around titles of some works

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…9. When to use ellipses?

•To indicate a pause•To indicate omitted words in a quotation

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-10. When to use a hyphen?

•In compound numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine•Between the numbers in a fraction•In some compound words•In compound adjectives•To join a capital letter to a word•At the end of the line, when dividing words

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) (11. When to use parentheses?

•Around a word/phrase that adds information•No parentheses within parentheses - use brackets instead of the inner ones•After, or before and after numbers or letters in text to list items

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[ ]12. When to use brackets?

•Around words you add to a quote•Around words within parenthesized material

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Underlining/Italics13. When to use underlining or italics (preferred)?

•Foreign words•Words/numbers/letters used in a special way

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الترقيم عالمات

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)) ((التنصيص؟. 1 عالمات نستخدم متى

االقتباس • عندوالمقاالت • الكتب عناوينلفظ • أو كلمة مناقشة عند

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) (للحصر؟. 2 األقواس نستخدم متى

معلومات ) • توفير أي لها سابق عام معنى لتحديدإضافية(

لها • سابق غامض معنى لشرحلها • سابقة لجملة للتمثيلالكالم • وسط في مرجع إلى لإلشارةمحددة • لعبارة االنتباه للفت

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…الحذف؟. 3 عالمة نستخدم متى

االقتباس • من أكثر أو لفظ إسقاظ على للداللة

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-الشرطة؟. 4 نستخدم متى

االعتراضية • الجملة لحصرالشرح • على للداللةاإلضافة • على للداللةبالنقاط • التعداد عند

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،الفاصلة؟. 5 نستخدم متى

عبارات • أو مفردات من المعطوفات بينبعضها • على المعطوفة الجمل بين•/ القصيرة الصغيرة الجمل بينالمنادى • بعدالجملة • أول في الجواب حرف بعدالجملة ال• أركان بين توضع

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؛المنقوطة؟. 6 الفاصلة نستخدم متى

المعنى • في عالقة لهما جملتين بينالسببية • فاء تربطهما جملتين بين

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.النقطة؟. 7 نستخدم متى

الجملة • انتهاء عند

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:

الرأسيتان؟. 8 النقطتان نستخدم متى

تجزيء • أو لتفسير للتنبية• _ حرفيا الكالم لنقل

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؟االستفهام؟. 9 عالمة نستخدم متى

السؤال • نهاية في

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!التعجب؟. 10 عالمة نستخدم متى

انفعال • أو تعجب صيغة أي بعد

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References

•http://www.kimskorner4teachertalk.com/writing/sixtrait/conventions/punctuation.html

•Ghazala, H. (2003). Translation as problems and solutions: A coursebook for university students and trainee translators (5th ed.). Beirut: Dar wa Maktabat Al-Hilal.