ComparativesComparatives are used to show the difference between two objects. Which one of them is new and fast ?OLD and SLOWNEW and FASTThe black car is newer and faster than the red car.

The red car is older and slower than the black car.

Rule 1. If an adjective has 1 syllable we add the ending er to the adjective.

i.e. small + er = smaller than i.e. hard + er = harder than Short +er = Shorter

The ant is smaller than the hippo.The ant works harder than the hippoFive basic rules for comparative :

Rule 2. If a one syllable adjective ends with a consonant + a vowel + a consonant you must double the last consonant and then ad er. i.e. big + er = bigger than

i.e. fat + er = fatter than The elephant is bigger than the giraffe.The giraffe is taller than the elephant.

Rule 3. If an adjective ends with a y, remove the y and add ier.

i.e. happy y + ier = happier than i.e. funny y + ier = funnier than

The girl is happier than the duck.

Rule 4. If an adjective has two syllables then add the word more before the word.i.e. beautiful + more = more beautiful than

i.e. expensive + more = more expensive than

i.e. satisfactory + more = more satisfactory thanThe butterfly is more beautiful than the frog.

Rule 5. There are a few exceptions. good = better thanbad = worse thanfar = farther than

The UTP is better than La NarioBrazil team was worse than ColombiaThe Galpon is farther than the cafeteria.

Remember, when using a comparative you must always follow it with the word than.

The ant is smaller than the hippo.The elephant is fatter than the giraffe.The girl is happier than the duck.The butterfly is more beautiful than the frog.

SuperlativesIf we are compare more than two objects, places, people we use superlative forms.

Four cars and their delivery dates.

1985 2013 19951945The newest car is the______.The oldest car is ________.The black car is the most _________of all four cars.

Which one of the basketball player is the shortest? which one of them is the tallest ?Number _ is the shortest player of all.

Number _ is the tallest player of all

Kzlrmak is the longest river in Turkey.

Rule 1. If an adjective has 1 syllable we add the ending est to the adjective.

i.e. small + est = the smallest

i.e. hard + est = the hardest

Basic rules for superlatives

The Atatrk Airport is one of the biggest airport in Turkey.Rule 2. If a one syllable adjective ends with a consonant + a vowel + a consonant you must double the last consonant and ad est.

i.e. big + est = the biggest i.e. fat + est = the fattest

The African elephant is the heaviest animal all over the world.Rule 3. If an adjective ends with a y, remove the y and add iest.

i.e. happy + iest = the happiest

i.e. funny + iest = the funniest

The diamond is the most precious stone in the world.Rule 4. If an adjective has three syllables or more then add the word most before the word. i.e. beautiful + most = the most beautifuli.e. expensive + most = the most expensivei.e. satisfactory + most = the most satisfactory

Rule 5. There are a few exceptions. good = the bestbad = the worstfar = the farthest

Colombia is the best country in the worldMarcelo is the worst player of BrazilLa Patagonia is the farthest part of Argentina.

Remember, when using a superlative you must always precede it with the word the.

The Toyota has the smallest cars. The Ford has the biggest trucks. Brad Pitt was the most handsome actor of the movie. Airplanes tickets are the most expensive means of transport.Jim Carrey is the funniest comedian.

SOME RULES ABOUT FORMING COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVESOne syllable adjectives generally form the comparative by adding -er and the superlative by adding -est, e.g.:

AdjectiveComparativeSuperlativeSoft Softer The softestCheap Cheaper The cheapestSweet Sweeter The sweetestThin Thinner The thinnest

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TWO SYLLABLE ADJECTIVEStwo syllable adjectives which end in -y usually form the comparative by adding -er and the superlative by adding -est

Adjective Comparative superlativeLucky luckierThe luckiestPretty Prettier The prettiest Tidy Tidier The tidiest

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TWO SYLLABLE ADJECTIVEStwo syllable adjectives ending in -ed, -ing, -ful,always form the comparative with more and the superlative with the most, e.g.:

Adjective Comparative superlativeWorried More worried The most worriedBoring More boringThe most boringCareful More carefulThe most careful

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THREE SYLLABLE ADJECTIVESAdjectives which have three or more syllables always form the comparative and superlative with MORE and THE MOST, e.g.:

Adjective Comparative Superlative Dangerous More dangerous The most dangerousDifficult More difficultThe most difficult

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IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES

Adjective Comparative Superlative Good Better The bestBad Worse The worstFar Farther/furtherThe farthest/furthest

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Opposite less < more

This sofa is less comfortable.Ive always been less patient than my sister.

the least < the most.

Its the least expensive way to travel.She was the least intelligent of the three sisters.

My house is.(big) than yours.This flower is.(beautiful)than that one.This is the.. (interesting) book I have ever read.Non-smokers usually live (long) than smokers.Which is the. (dangerous) animal in the world?A holiday by the sea is (good) than a holiday in the mountains.Who is the....... (rich) woman on earth?The weather this summer is (bad) than last summer.He was . (clever)thief of all.

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