Comparative Analysis on Corruption Perception

in the Philippines, Singapore and Japan: Basis for Anti-Corruption Strategy

ASEAN Country Members

2014 Corruption Perception IndexScore

(100 as non-corrupt)

Rank(1 as least corrupt)

Singapore 84 7Malaysia 52 50Philippines 38 85Thailand 38 85Indonesia 34 107Vietnam 31 119Laos 25 145Cambodia 21 156Myanmar 21 156Brunei - -Honorary member countries:Australia 80 11Japan 76 15

2012 2013 20140

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100

Sensitivity of citizens on Corruption

PhilippinesSingaporeJapan

Corr

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Based on public opinion of more than 114,000 respondents in 107 countries.

Percentage of respondents who felt these institutions were corrupt/extremely corrupt in this country/territory.

Politic

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rties

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Military

NGO'sMed

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l/Hea

lthPol

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Public

Officials

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90

Institutions Perceived to be Corrupt

PhilippinesSingaporeJapan

Perc

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Why Fight Against Corruption?

Corruption is one form of deprivation of the people who could have live more prosperous without it; the welfare of deprived people are trapped in poverty.

In fact, poverty is still a great challenge faced by Filipinos.

Corruption breeds inequity among the citizens especially the disadvantaged.

It impedes/hinders national development.In religious point of view, it is morally wrong.

Educational Strategy for Anti-CorruptionThe core of the study involves internalization of values through:Assessment and enhancement of Values

Education and Araling Panlipunan curricula in primary, secondary and tertiary levels of the Philippine educational system emphasizing on Integrity and Patriotism.

Information & education campaign (IEC) implemented by anti-corruption agencies (Ombudsman & COA) with active participation of the DepEd, CHED & DILG in convergence approach.

Some observations in the Philippines:DepEd, CHED & DILG has never made very serious

move and very active participation as well as concerted effort in the fight against corruption.

Every government agency is so passive as if “guilty by assumption” that it has committed corruption within their organization.

Legal substance and legal structure made by the government are more of a showcase for the world to see but not to appreciate when it comes to serious implementation (and perhaps just to access funds from international funding institutions like the World Bank, etc.)

Ombudsman office & Commission on Audit (COA) on corruption cases is so wanting.

Only very few private entities/companies are having adverts on anti-corruption.

Some observations in Singapore2014 Syllabus on “Character and Citizenship

Education” Primary of the Student Development Curriculum Division, Ministry of Education, Singapore

From the late former Prime Minister Lee Kwan Yew’s autobiography (From Third World to First), “When we took office in 1959 we set out to have a clean administration. We were sickened by the greed, corruption and decadence of many Asian leaders. Fighters for the freedom for their people have become plunderers of their wealth.” This goes to say that good governance/leadership is run by Political will, commitment and tenacity.

Some observations in JapanPolitical will in electoral reform, more transparency in

the political process, adequate policies to fight corruption

It also emphasizes its citizenship education on moral education (Dotoku Kiyoiku).

Kokoro no noto – a moral text for national curriculum guidelines for primary school (2002)

“Kokoro no noto ” Japan’s MOE emphasizes on the importance of the school, home, local community to work together to cultivate a rich mind in children, who will be responsible for society in the future by encouraging understanding of the value of human life, consideration for others, awareness of social norms such as judgment bet. right and wrong, and a sense of public duty.

Some observations in AustraliaFormula: C=M+D – A (Klitgaard 1998)Where:C – corruptionM – monopoly powerD – discretion by officialsA – accountabilityAim is not a one-time cure but an increase in the

honesty or integrity of government as a wholePolitical will is recognized as a key driver of

systematic change in the corruption environment.Causes of corruption: - norms and values of politicians and public servants - lack of control, supervision, auditing - interrelationships –business, politics, state

Things to ponder: Luchi Cruz-Valdes, Chief of TV5 news bureau once said, “It’s

not on the laws that the problem on corruption lies, we have more than enough of it, but it is on the breakdown of values system of our country.”

Koh Teck Hin of Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB) , Singapore states, “Clearly, it is as much a question of fixing the hearts and minds as it is a question of fixing the system.”

And in a religious point of view, the value of altruism should have been part of the Filipino culture since most of the Filipinos are proud of being “Catholics or Christians” as Christ’s teachings always revolve on service for others and selflessness.

The findings of this study hope to set standard for us teachers and as parents as well to look into the values we inculcate to our students and children with regard to how we show our love and affection to our country, our Patriotism.