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Appendix A - Comparison of Leaching Methods

Test Method Type

Static/

Dynamic

(serial and

Sequential)

Leachant

Sample

Size

(grams)

pHTime

(hr)

Liquid to

Solid Ratio

(L/S) L/kg

Comments Suitability

TCLP(Toxicity Characteristic

Leaching Procedure) Batch Test Static

Acetic Acid or

Acetate Buffer100 2.88 18 20 EPA test method

Suitable -

PowderedSamples Only

EPTOX(Extraction ProcedureToxicity Test) Batch Test Static Water 100 5.0 24 20

If a representative sample ofthe waste contains > 0.5%

solids, the solid phase ofthe sample is ground to pass a

9.5 mm sieve. 

 Not Suitable

SPLP(Synthetic PrecipitationLeaching Procedure) Batch Test Static

Water Acidifiedwith Nitric Acid

100 4.2 18 20

Is an analytical method

(Method 1312) that can beused to determine the

concentration of contaminantthat will leachfrom soil (USEPA, 1998). 

 Not Suitable

ASTM-D3987(Standard Test Method forShake Extraction of Solid

Waste with Water)Batch Test Static Water 70 - 18 20

Soil sample extraction method

for chemical analysisemployed as an analyticalmethod to simulate leaching

through a landfill. Notintended to provide an extractthat is representative of the

actual leachate produced froma solid waste.

Suitable -Powdered

Samples Only

CA WET(California WasteExtraction Test)

Batch Test Static0.2 M Sodium

Citrate50 5.0 48 10

Used to classify hazardouswastes.CA WET is a more

stringent lest than the TCLP. Not Suitable

LEP, 1993(Leachate ExtractionProcedure)

Batch Test Static

Water Acidified

with 0.5 N Acetic

Acid

50 5.0 24 16 Not Suitable

ASTM-D5198-09 

( Standard Practice for

 Nitric Acid Digestion ofSolid Waste) 

Batch Test Static 70% Nitric Acid 5 - 2 -Digestion method -

appropriate. Easy to follow -no required apparatus.

Suitable -

Powdered

Samples Only

MEP(Multiple ExtractionProcedure) Batch Test

Dynamic

(Serial)

Concentrated

Sulphuric and

 Nitric Acid

-3.0 216 20

Although MEP is not aregulatory leaching test, it has

 been used in some instancesfor delisting wastes.

 Not Suitable

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ASTM-D5284(Standard Test Method forSequential Batch Extractionof Waste and Acidic

Extraction Fluid)Batch Test

Dynamic(Serial)

This test method provides a procedure for the sequential

leaching of a waste containingat least 5 % dry solids in orderto generate solutions to beused to determine the

constituents leached under thespecified testing conditions.

 Not Suitable

ASTM-D4793(Standard Test Method forSequential Batch Extractionof Waste with water)

Batch TestDynamic

(Serial)

An intent of this test method is

that the final pH of each of theextracts reflects the interactionof the extractant with the

 buffering capacity of thewaste.

 Not Suitable

 NEN 7341(The Availability Test forGranular Materials)

Batch TestDynamic

(Sequential)4 and 8

The two pH’s are intended to bracket the range foundnaturally in the environment.

 Not Suitable

ASTM D-4874(The Standard Test Methodfor Leaching Solid Materialin a Column Apparatus)

Column

Method

Intended to maximise the

leaching of metallic speciesfrom a solid. Requires specificcolumn apparatus.

 Not Suitable

 NEN 7343(The Dutch StandardColumn Test)

Column

MethodUp-flow application  Not Suitable

ASTM C1220(The Static Leaching ofMonolithic Waste Forms)

Bulk

TestingStatic

Intended to evaluate the

durability of radioactive wastein glasses and ceramics.

 Not Suitable

ISO 6961(Long Term Leach Testingof Solidified RadioactiveWaste Forms)

BulkTesting

Static

Provided to measure theresistance to leaching of the

solidified materials: glass,glass-ceramics, ceramics,

 bitumen, cement, concrete, plastics

 Not Suitable

ANS-16.1(Measurement Of The

Leachability Of SolidifiedLow-level RadioactiveWastes By A Short-term

Test Procedure)

Bulk

Testing

Dynamic

(Serial)

Demineralised

Water

120

This measures and index the

release of radionuclides fromwaste forms as a result ofleaching in demineralized

water.

 Not Suitable

 NB: Several fields were left blank as this information could not be found without purchasing a copy of this test method.

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Appendix B - Material Specifications

A.  Victorian Brown Ash

1)   Neither F nor C grade, however, closer to Class-C due to the composition

2)  A by-product of brown coal combustion

3)   Not a commercial grade fly ash

4)  Gathered from the Loy Yang Power Station in Victoria5)  Appearance: Grey, brown powdery solid. No odour

6)  Research is currently being conducted on this product by Monash University to ascertain its suitability

for building products

7)  This sample has been taken directly from the hopper, not packaged for sale

8)  Applications: Unknown at this stage

B.  Chinese Fly Ash

1)  Class-F fly ash

2)  Commercial grade fly ash

3)  Very similar composition as fly ash produced in Australia

4)  The source power station for this product is unknown

5) 

Appearance: Grey, fine powdery solid. No odour6)  This sample has been taken directly from the hopper, not packaged for sale

7)  Applications: Combine with other materials to produce pre-mixed concrete, stabilised road bases, roller

compacted concrete pavements, concrete sub-bases, concrete pavements, roller constructed concrete

dams and concrete products

C.  Boral Fly Ash

1)  Class-F fly ash

2)  Commercial grade fly ash3)  Gathered from Eraring power station site near Dora Creek NSW

4)  Appearance: Grey, fine powdery solid. No odour

5)  Available in ACT, NSW, VIC

6)  Available in 15kg bags or 1 tonne bulka bags

7)  Applications: Combine with other materials to produce pre-mixed concrete, stabilised road bases, rollercompacted concrete pavements, concrete sub-bases, concrete pavements, roller constructed concretedams and concrete products

D.  Bayswater Fly Ash

1)  Class-F fly ash

2)  Commercial grade fly ash

3)  Gathered from the Bayswater Power Station site near Muswellbrook NSW4)  Appearance: Grey, fine powdery solid. No odour

5)  Available in all states of Australia

6)  This sample has been taken directly from the hopper, not packaged for sale.

7)  Applications: Pre-mixed concrete, stabilised road base, roller compacted concrete pavements, concrete

sub-base, conventional concrete pavements, roller constructed concrete dams, concrete products

E.  General Purpose Cement

1)  Type A cement

2)  Applications: Concrete Slabs, Driveways, Mortars for Brick & Block work, grouts, adhesives and

stabilisation where chemical attack is not a predicted risk.

3)  Available in ACT, NSW, VIC

4)  Manufactured from Portland cement clinker and gypsum

5)  Appearance: Grey, fine powdery solid. No odour

F.  Boral Aggregate

1)  Source: Mugga Quarry

2)  Particle Size: 14 mm

3)  Supplier: Boral4)  Appearance: Dark grey/blue