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In the Name of Allah ,The Most Gracious,

The Most Merciful

King Khalid UniversityCollege of Computer and

Information System

Websites Programming & Development

Alaa Alwable - 2012

Chapter 1: Introducing the World

Wide Web

Goals

Define terminology associated with the World Wide Web Describe several categories of Web sites and the purpose of

each. Recognize an HTML document and explain how a Web

browser interprets HTML. Describe each part of a URL. Use search engines and subject trees. Apply advanced search techniques. Evaluate and cite Web pages. Describe how copyright applies to material on the Internet.

What is the World Wide Web?

The World Wide Web is the total collection of Web pages that are stored on Web servers

located all over the world.

What is the World Wide Web?

What is the World Wide Web?

Web sites: Contain pages with information on a wide

variety of topics. A series of related Web pages that are

connected by hyperlinks make up a Web site. Hyperlink or link A text or graphics on a Web page that can be

clicked to display another portion of that same page or another Web page.

What is on the Web?

The Web: It offers access to a multitude of information and

most Websites fall into one of the following categories:

personal Web site

Personal Web sites : Personal Website are created by individuals for the purpose of

displaying information about themselves.

A personal Web site might contains pages about the individual’s hobbies, pets, family members, or links to their favorite Web sites.

personal Web site

personal Web site

Commercial Web site

Commercial Web sites : It include corporate presence Web sites, which are created by

companies and organizations for the purpose of displaying information about their products or services.

Commercial Web site

Informational Web site

Informational Web sites: Are created for the purpose of displaying factual information about a particular topic.

Informational Web sites are often created by educational institutions, governments, and organizations.

Informational Web site

Media Web site

Media Web site

Media Web sites are online newspaper and periodicals that are created by companies for the purpose of informing readers about current events and issues.

Media Web site

Portal Web site

Portal Web sites Are created by businesses for the purpose of creating a starting point for people to enter the Web.

Portals contain hyperlinks to a wide range of topics, such as sport scores and top news stories, and most portals include access to a search engine.

Portal Web site

Web Browsers

A Web page It is a document created with Hyper Text Markup

Language(HTML) and possibly other code, and published to a Web server.

An HTML document defines the content and layout of a Web page with tags that are surrounded by angle brackets (<>).

Web Browser

A Web browser It interprets an HTML document to display a

Web page. Popular Web browsers are Internet Explorer

and Netscape Navigator.

Web Browser

When the HTML document shown above is interpreted by Internet Explorer it is displayed as:

URLs

A URL It is an address that is interpreted by a Web

browser to identify the location of a page on the Web. For example, http://www.earthday.net

A domain name It is used to identify a particular Web page and is

made up of a sequence of parts, or sub names, separated by a period.

Ex. edu educational institution, gov government agency, mil military facility, org organization (nonprofit), ca Canadian site, uk United Kingdom site

Using Internet Explorer

Searching the Web

A search engine is a program that searches a database of Web pages for keywords and then lists hyperlinks to pages that contain those keywords.

Example: Yahoo! (www.yahoo.com) Ask Jeeves (www.ask.com) Google (www.google.com) About.com (www.about.com)

Searching the Web

Search criteria Search criteria can include single words or phrases

that are then used by the engine to determine a match.

Match A match is a Web page that contains the search

criteria.

Searching by Category

Subject tree or Web Directory: Some search engines provide a subject tree, or Web

directory, which is a list of sites separated into categories.

These subcategories allow the user to narrow down the subject and display a list of appropriate hyperlinks, which are at the lowest level of the tree.

Searching by Category

Google

Advanced Search Techniques

A search can be more precise by applying Boolean logic in search criteria.

Boolean logic uses three logical operators: AND (+ plus sign) : It can be used to find Web pages that contain all of the

specified words. OR OR can be used in most search engines to find Web pages that

contain any one of the words in the criteria. NOT (– minus sign) It is used to exclude unwanted Web pages.

Evaluating Web Sites

Information found at a Web site, like most information, should be evaluated for accuracy.

Up-to-date. On what date was the Web page last updated? Is the information current?

Bias. Is the information incorrect or incomplete in order to give a particular or slanted view of a topic?

Validity. Is the information truthful and trustworthy? What is the primary source of the information?

Author. Does the author present his or her credentials? A well established authority in the field you are researching is probably a trustworthy source.

Evaluating Web Sites

Copyright A copyright protects a piece of work (artwork, documents,

etc.) from reproduction without permission from the work’s author.

Citing Web Pages The primary purpose of a citation is to give credit to the

original author and allow the reader to locate the cited information.

A widely accepted form for citation is published by the Modern Language Association (www.MLA.org)

Evaluating Web Sites

Citing Form: Author's Last Name, First Name. Site Title. Access date.

Organization name. <URL>. Example: A citation of a personal Web site : Rawlings, Julie. Home page. 23 Dec. 2004. <http://

www.lpdatafiles.com/jrawlings/index.htm>. A citation of a posting to a discussion list:

Cruz, Anthony. "Are Orchestras Going Downhill?" online posting.10 Oct. 2004. Tuscon Annual Ballet Conf. <http:// www.lpdatafiles.com/tuscontoes/downhill.txt>.