April 2011 Volume 16, Issue 7 “We are but few in number but formidable.” -Pvt. James Shelton, 7th Md. Co. B

Company Dri l l Apri l 2nd Regimental Dri l l Apri l 29th

Lieutenant’s Report 4

FVB Military Academy 5

Ladies’ Knapsack 7

Inside this issue:

Cap- tain Rick Boyle has been promoted to the rank of Major to superin-tend the 1st Regiment Quar-termaster duties. His promo-tion was effective March 19th. Jeff Bush has been promoted from 1st Sergeant to 1st Lieutenant, com-manding the 7th Maryland. Dwight Coleman has been promoted to 1st Sergeant and has accepted the posi-tion. The following was re-ceived from Rick Boyle: On March 19th I attended the Officer and NCO train-ing at Army Heritage and Education Center and Trail at Carlisle Barracks in Pennsylvania. The training

was pretty good and I hope that the NCOs were able to pick up some good information about leadership as the instructors did a good job putting their classes to-gether. I encourage all future officers and NCOs to make sure that they at-tend this training each year while they are in a leadership position. It is a good chance to spend some time with other officers and NCOs from some of the other units, which you normally do not get a chance to talk with during the course of the year.

During the training, I was

asked by the Regimental Commander to take a posi-tion on his staff as the Regi-mental Quartermaster and I told him that I would. It was not an easy decision.

However, one that I felt would help not only the 7th Mary-land but all of the units in the regi-ment as we start into the 150th cycle. I am looking for-ward to the chal-lenges.

The 7th Maryland will be taken over by 1st Lt. Jeff Bush. He will be a very

good commander and the 7th will continue to flourish under Jeff’s leadership. Lt. Bush has some things that he would like to incorporate and I hope that you all will continue to support him, as you have me, during the last

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Before I dive into my subject of the month, I want to start out by addressing our upcoming events and we do have some exciting ones. This month’s at the Lu-theran Seminary in Gettys-burg is a unique and possi-bly once in a lifetime ex-perience. I am really look-ing forward to it as I’m sure all of you are. Then in May comes our gathering with the 3rd Maryland at the

Carol County Farm Museum and Civil War days at Salis-bury Christian and finally rounding out our early sea-son events is our annual soiree in June, of which we’ve missed a couple of annuals. It is being held at an exceptional venue and we are to be the center of atten-tion, our forte. We have a large group of people who have been putting a lot of effort into making it a suc-

cessful re-newal of a tradition. An exciting opening to the year and events we are all eagerly anticipating.

Now, on to my subject

for the month, the Navy. In my nearly two and a half

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Pcvt. Bill Hart President

Maj. Rick Boyle Quartermaster 1st Reg’t FVB

The musical group “Folk and Friends” has been se-lected to play the soiree in St. Michaels. The group, based in Gettysburg, PA, will ap-pear in period clothing and the four-piece ensemble will play period songs from the Civil War. David and Nathaniel Val-entine, from the FVB Field Music have also agreed to play during the day.

April

Saturday, April 2nd Company Drill Day

Funkstown Town Park, Funkstown, MD.

(Company) The company will be practicing with the 3rd Maryland. New recruits are expected to attend. The drill session will start at 9:00 AM. The 3rd Mary-land will be drilling starting at 8:00 AM. The session will be in the Funk-stown town park.

April 29 to May 1

Invasion of Pennsylvania Gettysburg PA

(Company / FVB 1st Reg’t) 150th Anniversary Kick-off Weekend. Encampment on the grounds of the Lu-theran Seminary, with a street battle nearby. This event will be combined as the 1st Regiment Drill Weekend. The event will be opened to spectators who may view both the drill and battle. The encampment is expected to be on the Hay Street side of the Lutheran Seminary. The first skirmish is expected to be at 11:00 AM with the second battle later in the afternoon. There is NO registration and NO fee for this event. Please let Col. Jay Henson (CoA7MD@aol.com) know if you will be attending the event, as an accurate head-count will be necessary for street size.

May

May 6th- 8th Carroll County Farm Museum

Westminster, MD (Company / 1st Reg’t FVB)

Deadline to register is April 15th. Fee is $10.00 per person, under 13 is $5.00. This is a company event, new to us. Held at the Carroll County Farm Museum, 500 S. Center St. in Westmin-ster. Skirmishes and scripted battles both days. Directions: From points North: New York, New Jersey, Dela-ware; Take I-95 South to I-695 West. Take exit 19 off of I-695. This will put you on I-795 expressway. Take exit 9B which is MD 140 West. Stay on 140 for approximately 9 miles. From points South: BWI, Washington, Virginia; Take I-95 North to I-695 West. Take exit 19 off of I-695. This will put you on I-795 expressway. Take exit 9B which is MD 140 West. Stay on 140 for approximately 9 miles. From Rockville-Montgomery Co.: Take I-495 to MD 270 North to Germantown. Take MD 27 North to Westminster.

13th-14th Salisbury Christian School Living History Weekend

Salisbury, MD (Individual)

Living hoistory, and teaching day at the school, followed by an night camp-

over with the students at Pemberton Park. Details in the May edition.

June

Saturday, June 11th

Spring Soiree and Drill Weekend (Company)

Join the company in historic St. Michaels, MD for an evening soiree from 5 PM until 8 PM. But first, a living history and light drill at the St. Mary’s Museum in the center of town. At press-time, the approved site of en-campment has not been finalized, but encampment accommodations will be forthcoming. The town of St. Michaels and the Talbot County Tourism Board are working with the 7th Maryland to ensure a success. This will not be a “heavy-duty” event, but more of a week-end, laid back event. The citizens of the town and tourists alike will be looking forward to seeing period-dressed re-enactors roaming the streets. A pot-luck dinner will be enjoyed prior to the mu-sic. A possible revival of the camp sat-ire “A Grand Old Flag” may be in the works, too. Evening music will be played at the town park in the center of St. Michaels beneath the decorated ga-zebo.

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the company for the coming season, as Rick Boyle has acceptd a position on my staff as Quartermaster, with the promotion to Major. I will value Rick’s services on staff as he will be the person to see if there are any short-ages (wood, water, sinks, etc.) and will take the problems and solutions to the Brigade staff. Maj. Boyle, being a ranking staff officer, is fourth in line as an alternate battalion commander. I have the utmost faith in Lt. Bush,

and 1st Sgt. Dwight Coleman, to make the 7th MD a comfortable place to belong, and the most professional com-pany on the field. Please, if you’ve not done so already, make plans to attend the 1st

annul Soiree in St. Michaels, on June 11th. Light drill,

living history, a pre-soiree function then the pot-luck dinner and music, on a wonderful June day in a picturesque town!

PAGE 2 OUR CAMP JOURNAL VOLUME 16 , ISSUE 7

Col. Jay Henson

The season will be opening with a bang with the combined drill of the 7th Maryland and sister unit, 3rd Maryland at Funkstown Town Park, April 2nd (see above). Then again in April, the 30th and May 1st, the company will be part of the regimental drill weekend and sesquicen-tennial kick-off in at the Lutheran Seminary in Gettysburg. Quite an open-ing to the season! Lt. Jeff Bush will be in command of

VOLUME 16 , ISSUE 7 PAGE 3

In February, 2010, in Jackson, Mississippi, The Mississippi Divi-sion of the Sons of the Confederate Vet-erans proposed to issue a specialty li-cense plate honoring Confederate Gen-eral Nathan Bedford Forrest. Forrest was responsible for leading an 1864 mas-sacre of black soldiers at Fort Pillow, Tennessee. After the War, Forrest be-came the first Grand Wizard of the newly formed Klu Klux Klan. The Sons of Confederate Veterans sponsors the Forrest plate, and other Confederate plates to honor the 150th Anniversary of the Civil War, which they call “The War Between the States”.

Early in 1995, a man was killed in a parking lot after an argument started over a Confederate flag hanging in the dead man’s pick-up truck. This incident oc-curred shortly after the 1994 hotly con-tested California Senate race in which Republican candidate Oliver North voiced support for those who wanted to retain the Confederate flag as an emblem in several state flags. This ignited yet an-other impassioned argument between those who see the “Stars and Bars” as an offensive racist symbol, and those who honor it as a part of their heritage. In June 1995, the Southern Baptists, who split from the Baptist Church, over the issue of slave owners becoming mis-sionaries, apologized to African-Americans for the sin of slavery. In 1994, Disney attempted to build an American History Theme Park and real estate development near the site of a ma-jor Civil War battlefield. They were only halted by the outcry of local and profes-

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We are a culture that is consumed with the Civil War. For so many people who say they are interested in the Civil War, they base their interest on, and informa-tion of, the Civil War period on Gone with the Wind, (the book, and more im-portantly the 1939 Clark Gable\Vivian Leigh film). The myths created from this film are numerous and long lasting, and obscure the reality of the bloody conflict. It has been 150 years since the firing on Fort Sumter that ignited the spark of Civil War. After all that time, one would think that we have distanced ourselves from, and put to rest the tensions that started the Civil War, and the scars would have healed by now, and the nation, as one, would have moved on. The truth is the Civil never really ended; it pervades our national conscience from politics, to pop culture.

My correspondence this month will be from my place as the newest Corporal in the 7th Maryland, offering some observa-tions about the recent Officer and NCO School that I attended last weekend. The venue itself deserves first mention. The US Army Heritage and Education Center is a wonderful new facility, and the buildings and grounds are impressive. The FVB was actually the first group to make use of the conference rooms. The outdoor displays are very interesting, showing a variety of entrenchments, bun-kers, barricades, fortresses and other structures representing periods through-out our nation’s history. If you’re in the Carlisle, PA area, I would absolutely encourage you to make a brief stop for a stroll through the grounds. I guarantee the kids will enjoy walking through the World War I trench display.

The agenda for the day was arranged as a rotating schedule where we met in small groups and moved from one session to another. Officers and Senior NCOs were offered a slightly different schedule than Corporals and Sergeants. My first session was basically a round-table discussion focused on soliciting some ideas and input from the group related to what we believe

the organization can provide in the way of resources and sup-port. This repre-sents the relatively early stages of focused efforts to ensure that the FVB is aligning its operational strategies with its overall mission statement. I quote, “The Federal Volunteer Brigade is formed as a living memorial, to provide living histori-ans a means to honor the men, who fought to preserve the Union during the War of the Rebellion from 1861 through 1865, and the women and families who supported them. The Federal Volunteer Brigade members pledge to strive to accu-rately portray the lifestyle of the period, with honor, dignity and respect to them-selves, each other and to the memory of those we represent.” My second session was a review of the roles and responsibili-ties of the NCO, and as a new Corporal, I found this time very well spent. I have much to learn, but this discussion helped me feel a bit more comfortable with what will be expected of me. The third session covered a high-level review of the subject of leadership, and while it was presented well the material was very general in

nature. Overall the day was interesting, and I am glad that I attended. I would have liked to have received some hands-on, interactive training involving those things I will need to know in order to accurately portray a Corporal and to safely and successfully fill that role in camp and on the field; Instructing new troops on the manual of arms and basic drill, inspecting weapons, moving troops on the field effectively, delivering com-mands properly, and so on. I don’t expect to jump right in and perform these duties well simply by virtue of having observed them as a Private. This will take some measure of proper instruction by my ca-pable superiors, and some amount of practice on my part.

The main thing that I came away from the NCO School with is an appreciation for the sincerity and professionalism with which the leaders of the FVB are ap-proaching their responsibilities. They are clearly dedicated to providing the mem-bers of the FVB with a safe, professional and cohesive environment in which to meet and act as living historians. I ex-pect nothing but great things from our organization as it continues to improve and grow in the years to come. And I would, of course, be remiss not to men-tion what a great pleasure it was to spend a little time with some of my good pards from the 7th Maryland. I will look forward to seeing more of you very soon.

OUR CAMP JOURNAL

Cpl. Stephen Blumberg Co-Vice President

H.S. Charlie Gossard Co-Vice President

VOLUME 16 , ISSUE 7 PAGE 4

several years that I have been the com-mander.

The other side of this move also allows some people to move into leadership roles. This is another im-portant part of the unit as new leaders bring new ideas and growth to our or-ganization. Members should be given the challenge to grow into new roles,

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I guess you are won-dering why I would be submitting a col-umn in this particu-lar spot of the Camp Journal. A rather dashing sergeant attended the Offi-cers and NCO’s

school on March 19th and before our break for lunch he was informed that he would be the Company Commander of the 7th.

By order of Colonel Jay Henson Fed-eral Volunteer Brigade First Regiment Commanding:

Captain Boyle has been appointed to the Colonels staff as the regimental Quartermaster immediately and pro-moted to Major. Captain Boyle’s posi-tion as company commander would be

filled by the “dashing” 1st Sergeant, appointed to 1st Lieutenant, and that he must appoint a 1st Sergeant immedi-ately.

After consulting with our illustrious President Bill Hart, I have accepted this appointment as CO and have ap-pointed Cpl. Dwight Coleman as 1st Sergeant. It is our opinion that we will need to discuss this as a company and as soon as possible, until then, this is what has been decided. I have the utmost confidence that we can adjust to this and carry on with our goals laid out at the company meeting in January.

Rick’s departure as Company Com-mander is a huge loss, and it will take some adjustment. For me it will be like having no net. He won’t be far though, and will be busy making sure the needs

of the Regiment will be met. The Colo-nel will undoubtedly keep him busy.

I am still excited about this year we have a fine group of NCOs and the dis-cussions we had at the annual meeting have got the gears turning. By the time you read this we will [be getting ready to have] our first drill. Sharing a drill day with the 3rd Maryland will do us a lot of good. I hope we have a large turn-out as we all need to get the rust knocked off. You can be sure that we will be doing drill quite often at events throughout the year so be prepared.

As for the Officers and NCOs school, it was very informative for me. The school in its third year (I believe) has changed and I think that attendance proved that it was change for the good. I would suggest this event to anyone who is in a leadership role.

I hope to see everyone at drill and then it’s on to Gettysburg at the end of the month. Let’s have fun!

population protested because the young tennis player wasn’t allowed to play on public courts in the segregated days of his youth. After an ugly controversy, the statue was unveiled on Monument Drive. Two historians recently request court permission to exhume the body of John Wilkes Booth from the Booth family plot. They theorized that the body was not Booth’s, but that Lincoln’s assassin might have actually escaped. A mock slave auction, re-enacted in 1994 at Williamsburg, Virginia, set off a pro-test by African-Americans, who thought the drama was too painful to repeat.

sional historians, and historical preserva-tionists.

In Richmond, a bitter dispute erupted along racial lines in 1995, over the place-ment of a statue honoring Arthur Ashe, the late tennis star, and native of the Virginia capital. Some “traditionalists” –who happened to be white-didn’t think that a statue honoring a tennis player-who happened to be black-“belonged” with monuments honoring Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson. Richmond’s black

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When the Republican Congress of 1994 was elected, there was a move to return certain powers to the states. Around the same time the Supreme Court issued several decisions questioning the extent of federal powers. It seems that “States Rights” might not have died with the end of hostiles in 1865. And you thought the Civil War was over!

Sources for this article Don’t know much about the Civil War by: Kenneth C. Davis Mississippi license plate proposed to honor KKK leader by: Emily Wagster Pettus, Asso-ciated Press. 2011.

OUR CAMP JOURNAL

Lt. Jeff Bush Company

Commander

take on new challenges, and help the unit move forward.

I have enjoyed my time of being the company commander and have always looked forward to the time on the field with my friends. I would like to say thank you for allowing me to lead this organization and know of no other unit that I would have rather been the com-mander for…. You guys are the best.

I will see everyone at Funkstown for company drill.

July July 16-17th

Skirmish at Funkstown Funkstown, MD

(Company) Foraging and Skirmish through the town. Field battles and evening dance with fireworks. Addi-tional details to come.

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Held at the Army Heritage Education Center in Carlisle, PA, the annual FVB Military (Non-Commissioned Officers and Officer’s School) was spearheaded by Maj. Dave Petit and Lt. Col. Rob Wingert. Activities throughout the day-long session were geared toward officers and NCO’s. Sessions included war-gaming and tactical situations, give-and-take sessions on what was expected from

reenacting, moderated by Maj. Jim Cobb and Capt. Gary Brown. Included was a session exclusively for NCO’s on duties in the camp and on the field. The latter was assisted by FVB Sgt. Maj. Steve Bush. During a break in the event, members were encouraged to tour the brand-new educational facility and to walk the Army Heritage Trail. The FVB event was the first to be held at the new cen-

ter. A tour of the Heritage Trail included a Civil War station, featuring enlisted and officers log-cabin quarters, to sta-tions on the road, a vision of frontier army life. Furter along the trail were reproductions of billets during the Viet Nam conflict, and an astounding rep-lica of a World War One trench system. The day ended with evaluations of the courses and a brief question and answer period. The Military Academy will be fleshed-out in years ahead. The FVB welcomes the addition of this out-standing support system and encourages all future NCO’s and Officers to attend next year’s session.

VOLUME 16, ISSUE 7 OUR CAMP JOURNAL PAGE 5

Above, Capt. Chris Monzi leads officers in a round of war-gaming and tactical strategy. Above right, Maj. Jim Cobb urges officers to reflect on what in reenacting is important to them. Right, a mock officer’s and enlisted quarters on the Heritage Trail. Below right is the interesting re-production of a WWI trench warfare system. Below is the new Army Heritage Education Cen-ter in Carlisle, PA, site of the FVB Military Academy sessions.

“But not to be tedious in enumerat-ing the numerous changes for the bet-ter, allow me to allude to one other—thought last, not least: the new Consti-tution has put to rest forever all the agitating questions relating to our pecu-liar institutions—African slavery as it exists among us—the proper status of the negro in our form of civilization. This was the immediate cause of the late rupture and present revolution. JEFFERSON, in his forecast, had antici-pated this, as the “rock upon which the old Union would split.” He was right. What was conjecture with him, is now a realized fact. But whether he fully comprehended the great truth upon which that rock stood and stands, may be doubted. The prevailing ideas enter-tained by him and most of the leading

statesmen at the time of the formation of the old Constitution were, that the enslavement of the African was in vio-lation of the laws of nature; that it was wrong in principle, socially, morally and politically. It was an evil they knew not well how to deal with; but the general opinion of the men of that day was, that, somehow or other, in the order of Providence, the institution would be evanescent and pass away. This idea, though not incorporated in the Constitution, was the prevailing idea at the time. The Constitution, it is true, secured every essential guarantee to the institution while it should last, and hence no argument can be justly used against the constitutional guaran-tees thus secured, because of the com-mon sentiment of the day. Those ideas, however, were fundamentally wrong. They rested upon the assumption of the equality of races. This was an error. It was a sandy foundation, and the idea of a Government built upon it—when the “storm came and the wind blew, it fell.”

“Our new Government is founded upon exactly the opposite ideas; its foundations are laid, its cornerstone rests, upon the great truth that the ne-gro is not equal to the white man; that slavery, subordination to superior race, is his natural and moral condition. [Applause.] This, our new Government, is the first, in the history of the world, based upon this great physical, philoso-phical, and moral truth. This truth has been slow in the process of its develop-ment, like all other truths in the vari-ous departments of science. It is so even amongst us. Many who hear me, per-haps, can recollect well that this truth was not generally admitted, even within their day. The errors of the past genera-tion still clung to many as late as twenty years ago. Those at the North who still cling to these errors with a zeal above knowledge, we justly de-nominate fanatics. All fanaticism springs from an aberration of the mind; from a defect in reasoning. It is a spe-

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were the standard treat-ment. Some Federal pa-tients were given so much quinine, that their teeth became loose, and they were unable to eat. Quinine would re-main an acceptable treatment for ma-laria until the 1940’s, when more effec-

tive treat-ments were discovered. Quinine was always ad-ministered in a salt mixture, when drugs for treating the disease became scarce in the South; Con-federate surgeons substituted homemade

tonics made from whiskey mixed with the barks of dogwood, tulip, and wil-low trees. During the Civil War, ma-laria killed three out five Federal cau-salities, while it is believed to have killed two out of three Confederates. The percentage of death caused by malaria compared to other diseases is unknown because the disease itself was

commonly misdiagnosed. It is esti-mated that malaria was responsible for killing a full quarter of all ser-vicemen during the conflict.

Civil War surgeons would sadly never come to the realization that malaria was transmitted through mosquitoes. The symptoms of malaria were the same during the Civil War as they are now, though no cure has been found for the disease. Signs of the infection in-clude shivering, shaking, intense joint pain, fever, anemia, and convulsions. Beginning signs of the infection are often a tingling in the skin, followed by chills and fever that lasts around four to six hours. This process recurred regu-larly from 36 hours to two days.

Sources for this article www.wtv-zone.com

www.ehow.com Atlas Editions: Civil War Cards

Malaria was a common, but misunder-stood disease during the Civil War. During the conflict, malaria was thought to be a sickness caused by breathing poisonous swamp gases. Breakouts of the disease would occur during widespread mosquito attacks, but the occurrences were never consid-ered to be related. The surgeons, both North and South, called malaria “marsh fever”, “the ague”, the shakes”, or “intermittent fe-ver”. The illness accounted for 20 percent of all sickness during the Civil War. According to clinical records, doctors used a variety of treat-ments for the disease, but whis-key and quinine

VOLUME 16, ISSUE 7 OUR CAMP JOURNAL PAGE 6

By Hospital Steward Charlie Gossard

Last month, I started sharing a story that my students had had a large part in creating. This month, I would like to continue sharing that story with all of you, as I am still a proud teacher. The students were also able to come up with a title for the story:

Giving a Son a Father

As you might recall, George was lead-ing his men into battle against the re-bels at Gettysburg, but his pregnant wife was weighing heavily on his mind… It took a few seconds for George to realize that some one was carrying him. It felt like his though was on fire. He tried to pick his head up, but one of the soldiers carrying him told him to stay still. George watched the blue sky and listened to the sound of fighting get farther and father away until he was set down on the grass. “Think you can walk?” a man asked him. George looked up and saw a tall man wearing an apron covered in blood. “What happened?” George groaned. “Heck if I know. Nothing too bad though. I should be able to dig that shrapnel out no problem. You’ll proba-bly get to keep the leg if you don’t get an infection.” The man in the bloody apron took a step back as George sat up and looked around. A man carrying a bone saw a few feet away called over, “Do you need any help with that one, Mark?” “Nah, this is an easy one!” Mark called back. He handed George a can-teen and told him to take a drink. As George drank heavily, the man used a long, thin piece of leather to secure his shoulder length, black hair at the base of his skull. He took the canteen back when George held it up to him, put it on a table next to him, and then picked up what looked like a long pair of tweezers. “I should be able to get the shrapnel out, but it’s going to hurt a might bit,” Mark explained. “Just hold on to something and try not to yell too much, or else I might get distracted and

mess up.” George gripped the side of the stretcher he was laying on and closed his eyes. Mark looked at the small hole for a few seconds, turning his head from side to side. Without saying any-thing, Mark plunged the tweezers into George’s leg. Clenching his teeth, George tried not to yell, he didn’t want to lose his leg because of some small mistake. Mark worked quickly, twisting the tweezers back and forth inside George’s leg. Giving a small cheer, Mark ripped the tweezers out of George’s leg, pulling the shrapnel out too. “I think that’s some sort of record,” Mark said, looking at the bloody piece of metal. “You want to keep it?” George shook his head as he stood up, testing out his leg. Mark turned to his table and began cleaning the tweezers while George started taking a few steps. Hob-bling around, George tried to get used to the pain in his leg. He didn’t notice the pile of sawed off arms on his right. Taking another step, George’s foot got caught on an out stretched hand, and he fell to the ground, his face barely missing a pile of horse manure. “How long you been blind in that eye?” Mark asked, still washing blood off his hands. “What makes you ask that?” George asked, still on the ground. “A doctor can just tell these things,” Mark said, his green eyes showing a hint of laugh-ter. “Going on three years now,” George admitted as he stood back up. “You hide it well; army never would have let you in if they knew.” “I’ve gotten used to it. Besides, the army would take any one at this point.” Mark turned to George, ready to say something, when a nurse came running up. “Dr. Stevenson! Dr. Stevenson! One of the cooks in the back is going into labor!” “Mary!” George gasped. He started running toward the wagons, but he

stumbled on the pile of arms again. Mark held out a hand, bringing George to a stop. “I’ve got to get to Mary!” George yelled, trying to push past Mark.

“Well, it looks like you have a few problems then,” Mark said. He nodded his head toward a man on a horse, standing a few yards away. “That’s the provost, they like to watch here to make sure the guys here are actually hurt. He watched me pull that shrapnel out of your leg, and the fact that you can walk is enough reason for him to send you back to fight. If you refuse to go back, he’ll either arrest you or shoot you on the spot, depending on what type of mood he’s in today.”

George looked back and forth between the provost and the nurse, his face wearing a look of pure agony. Mark gave a great sigh and picked up a roll of bandages from the table. Laying his hand on George’s shoulder, Mark led George to a new by tent. Inside the tent, Mark closed the flap and took his bloody apron off. He began wrapping the bandage around his own leg. “Take off you coat and hat, and put that apron on,” Mark instructed.

Mark looked up at George, who was staring at him with a confused look on his face. Mark rolled his eyes; he fig-ured George must be in shock. “Look,” Mark began,” I’ve been bored, staying in the back of the army playing doctor. I can only cut off so many arms before it gets old. So I’m going to take your place, but I can’t look like a doctor while I’m doing it. If I look like a sol-dier, I can go fight. If you look like a doctor, you can go to your wife.”

George’s eyes lit up. He threw his hat to the ground and tried to rip out of his coat. He almost hit Mark in the face as

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Miss Sarah Harris Civilian

Coordinator

OUR CAMP JOURNAL VOLUME 16 , ISSUE 7 PAGE 7

By the President of the United States. WHEREAS, the laws of the United

States have been for some time past and now are opposed, and the execu-tion thereof obstructed, in the States of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, or by the powers vested in the marshals by law: now, therefore, I, ABRAHAM LINCOLN, President of the United States, in vir-tue of the power in me vested by the Constitution and the laws, have thought fit to call forth, and hereby do call forth, the militia of the several States of the Union to the aggregate number of 75,000, in order to suppress said combinations and to cause the laws to be duly executed.

The details for this object will be immediately communicated to the State authorities through the Was Department. I appeal to all loyal citi-zens to favor, facilitate, and aid this effort to maintain the honor, the in-tegrity, and existence of our national Union, and the perpetuity of popular government, and to redress wrongs already long enough endured. I deem it proper to say that the first service assigned to the forces hereby called forth, will probably be to repossess the forts, places, and property which have been seized from the Union; and in every event the utmost care will be observed, consistently with the objects aforesaid, to avoid any devastation, any destruction of, or interference with, property, or any disturbance of peaceful citizens of any part of the country; and I hereby command the

persons composing the combinations aforesaid, to disperse and retire peace-ably to their respective abodes, within twenty days from this date.

Deeming that the present condition of public affairs presents an extraordi-nary occasion, I do hereby, in virtue of the power in me vested by the Constitu-tion, convene both houses of Congress. The Senators and Representatives are, therefore, summoned to assemble at their respective Chambers at twelve o’clock, noon, on Thursday, the fourth day of July next, then and there to con-sider and determine such measures as, in their wisdom, the public safety and interest may seem to demand.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.

Done at the City of Washington, this fifteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hun-dred and sixty-one, and of the inde-pendence of the United States, the eighty-fifth ABRAHAM LINCOLN.

By the President   Implementing Order from the War

Department to the Governors of the Various States. SIR:—Under the Act of Congress for calling out the Militia to execute the laws of the Union, to sup-press insurrection, to repel invasion, &c., approved February 28, 1795, I have the honor to request your Excellency to cause to be immediately detailed from the Militia of your State the quota des-ignated in the table below, to serve as infantry or riflemen for a period of three months, unless sooner discharged. Your Excellency will please communi-cate to me the time at about which your quota will be expected at its rendezvous,

as it will be met as soon as practicable by an officer or officers to muster it into service and pty of the United States. At the same time the oath of fidelity to the United States will be administered to every officer and man. The mustering officers will be in-structed to receive no man under the rank of commissioned officer, who is in years apparently over 45 or under 18, or who is not in physical strength and vigor. The quota for each State is as

follows: Maine............................ 1 New Hampshire.......... 1 Vermont ....................... 1 Massachusetts.............. 2 Rhode Island............... 1 Connecticut.................. 1 New York................... 17 New Jersey ................... 4 Pennsylvania............. 16 Delaware ...................... 1 Tennessee ..................... 2 Maryland ..................... 4 Virginia........................ 3 North Carolina............ 2 Kentucky...................... 4 Arkansas ...................... 1 Missouri ....................... 4 Ohio ............................ 18 Indiana......................... 6 Illinois.......................... 6 Michigan...................... 1 Iowa .............................. 1 Minnesota .................... 1 Wisconsin .................... 1

It is ordered that each regiment shall consist, on an aggregate of officers and men, of 780. The total thus to be called out is 73391. The remainder to constitute the 75,000 men under the President’s proclamation will be com-posed of troops in the District of Co-lumbia. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War.

“Just act clueless when you get out there,” advised George, ignoring the comment about his abnormally large feet. “They’ll tell you where to go and not ask any questions. They’re used to dumb soldiers.” George and Mark stepped out of the tent, shielding their eyes from the bright sun. The two men glanced over at the provost. He was watching them intently, and almost looked as if he was wishing the soldier would try to run away. The provost had been there for hours, and only got to arrest three soldiers so far. He was bored, he wanted a challenge.

he threw his coat at him. George grabbed the apron and put it on, and even smeared some blood on his hands, arms and face for added affect. Then he inspected Mark in his uniform, making sure everything looked perfect.

“Sure wish we could switch shoes,” Mark said, enviously eyeing George’s shoes. “But your shoes look like wagons compared to mine. I’d die from tripping in them before I even got to the battle.”

(Continued from page 7)

“You have no idea what this means to me,” George said as he shook Mark’s hand. Mark grinned and saluted.

“Just act like you know everything and that you’re better than every one else. That’s how most doctors act, no one will question you.”

With a nod, George turned away and started walking towards the cook wag-ons. Mark started walking towards the provost, ready to ask him where to go….

To be continued...

PAGE 8 OUR CAMP JOURNAL ISSUE 16 , VOLUME 7

years of regular columns as well as my irregular contributions before that, I have never mentioned that service. That is somewhat amazing considering my background and the fact that I have to wonder why anyone with any sense at all would enlist in the army at $13.00 a month, subsist on hardtack and salt pork, and sleep on the ground every night when they could enlist in the navy at $14.00 a month, benefit from fresh meat, vegetables, and fruit (hardtack and salt pork were for the crews of ships on distant station), enjoy a daily issue of rum and swing com-fortably in a hammock when off watch to boot. Actually, by the time of the civil war, British-produced West Indies rum had been replaced by American-made whiskey. Too, in 1862 that was dropped in favor of a wine mess for officers and an additional $1.50 a month for sailors with which they could purchase beer, ale, wine, or not. All of that and the opportunity for prize money. When the blockade run-ner Hope and her cargo were auctioned off, each seaman of USS Aeolus which had taken her received more than $1,000 each. Of course the officers re-ceived substantially more, taking ad-vantage of their office as always. Any-way, now that I’ve covered the benefits of a superior lifestyle, on to the heart of the matter.

The United States is and always has been a maritime nation and most wars we have engaged in have been required the services of a strong navy. The civil war was unusual in that we fought it as a continental war. The navy was not used to engage other navies at sea to achieve control of sea lanes of commu-nication or to defeat enemy fleets or to transport large bodies of troops and land them on distant shores. The U.S. Navy did not play the essential role in the civil war that it did in other U.S. wars. It was primarily used as a coastal and riverine force, blockading and sup-porting the army.

When the war began, the navy con-sisted of only a handful of ships, most of which were scattered at far stations around the globe which were hastily recalled home by Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles when the Fort Sumter

(Continued from page 1) crisis was looming. Although the ships were few, the navy had begun a mod-ernization program less than a decade earlier with five Merrimack-class screw (propeller driven) frigates to which was added a sixth, the somewhat larger USS Niagara. These were completed between 1856 and 1858. Southerners complained that the 23-foot draft of these ships was too deep to allow them to operate in shallow Southern ports. In 1856, five ships of another class of smaller, shal-lower-draft twin-screw steam sloops were authorized to comply with South-ern desires. This was the Hartford-class steam sloops, the lead ship of which demonstrated her ability to navigate Southern waters by sailing up the Mis-sissippi to Vicksburg in April, 1862 with sister ships Richmond and Brook-lyn and by leading the Union fleet into Mobile Bay under Admiral David Far-ragut in August, 1864. The seven-ship Mohican-class, another group of screw steamers, was authorized in 1859. In all, 24 modern ships were authorized between 1854 and 1859, all steam driven with modern large caliber rifled guns firing explosive shells. The navy had a solid core of modern ships to build on when the war began. The fleet grew from 42 ships in 1861 to 671 by war’s end in 1865.

Despite the tales of the romance of the blockade runners and their feats in running their cargos into southern ports past Union warships and escaping again to make another try, they were largely ineffective in aiding the south-ern war effort. Although the Union blockade was far from airtight, it was an overwhelming success. Where 20,000 port calls were made by merchant ves-sels at southern ports in 1860, the num-ber averaged 2,000 during the war years.

In the west, the river fleets were the essential contribution of the navy. The north to south and south to north flow-ing waterways made excellent routes for Federal troops to move south. A small flotilla of river gunboats were quickly acquired, either built from the keel up or converted from existing ships. These were well armored and powerfully armed, yet capable of maneuvering in shallow water. General Sherman is said to have remarked that they could navi-

gate in a heavy dew. In some cases, these little ships went beyond a sup-porting role as at Fort Henry which surrendered to the gunboat fleet before Grant’s troops arrived. There were no formal joint commands or even provi-sion for them as now exist. The effec-tiveness of operations largely depended on the relationships between the senior army and navy officers. Admiral David Porter’s relations with Grant and Sherman were good and their joint re-sults effective. On the other hand, Por-ter did not get along well with Butler or Banks, their relations were conten-tious and the results poor.

The unsolved problem for the U.S. Navy was the rebel commerce raiders such as the Alabama and the Florida. They played havoc with American mer-chant ships throughout the world. The oceans are huge and distances immense. As anyone who has sailed the world’s seas can attest, one can go a long time without seeing another ship when mak-ing ocean transits. Without the commu-nications and sensors that we enjoy today and with only a small number of ships spared from blockade duties, hunting down those commerce raiders in the vast oceans of the world was a near impossible task. Although the efforts of these raiders efforts did little to affect American trade, they did gen-erate panic among American ship own-ers. Insurance rates were driven so high that it was uneconomical to ship cargo in American-flagged ships. Merchant-men were sold off to neutral countries. The U.S. merchant fleet has never re-gained the world dominance it held before the civil war. It went from the second largest in the world before the war to 11th ranking today and that it holds that status is primarily due to growth generated by World War I. The handful of commerce raiders had a lasting effect far beyond their numbers.

So although histories naturally emphasize the accomplishments of the army in the civil war, the navy did exist and did play an essential part in put-ting down the rebellion.

PAGE 9 OUR CAMP JOURNAL VOLUME 16 , ISSUE 7

Were the Confederate States now a foreign foe, and we had declared war against them, with the status of Sumter as it was in the present case, we should regard them as the veriest fools and cowards, had they failed to make the attack before reinforcements could arrive, and so to secure the advantages of their position. And by this estimate they must be judged in this thing. For although the administration at Washington does not regard them as a foreign foe, yet the Confederate States constitute a nation, with its independence declared, and therefore they regard the United States as a foreign foe. In the attack upon Sumter they have done just what the United States would have done with respect to England at the opening of the Revolutionary war; just what any nation would do under the same circumstances. And in fact they have done that thing, which, had they not done, they would have been the subject of scoff and ridicule up and down the whole gamut of Black Re-publican insolence. The questions which now arise are all with respect to the fu-ture. The inflamed and warlike spirit accredited to the Northern cities and free States generally, must not be taken into the account, or we shall plunge into a pro-longed, sanguinary, and indecisive conflict, in which the border States will soon become the “dark and bloody ground.” A war of conquest and subjugation against the Southern Confederacy, will terminate in inevitable disaster, whatever may be the actual termination of the strife. Such a war must begin, as it has really been anticipated, by a positive purpose on the part of the administration at Washington to reduce the Southern States to political inequality in the Union. Consequently, the alternative of submission to this administration at any time, includes assent to political inequality, and the recognition of a power which has avowed an “irrepressible conflict” with Southern institutions. Whatever successes may attend the United States, therefore, as against the Confederate States, the end must be the recognition of independence of the latter, or the holding them military power. In the latter case all union is at an end; peace and harmony will be unattainable; and the utter prostration of all business will continue indefinitely. On the other hand, the recognition of the independence of the Confederate States will at once end the strife, restore public confidence, and relieve the enterprises of industry and capital from the embarrassment which now hinders their prosperity, and must in the end overwhelm them with calamity.

—Baltimore Sun.

cies of insanity. One of the most strik-ing characteristics of insanity, in many instances, is, forming correct conclu-sions from fancied or erroneous prem-ises; so with the anti-slavery fanatics: their conclusions are right if their premises are. They assume that the ne-gro is equal, and hence conclude that he is entitled to equal privileges and rights, with the white man. If their premises were correct, their conclusions would be logical and just; but their premises being wrong, their whole ar-gument fails.”

Extract of a Speech of A. H. Stephens, Vice-President of the Confed-erate States delivered at Savannah, Georgia 21 March 1861

Reported in the Savannah Republi-can

Which also noted that, “Mr. STEPHENS took his seat amid a burst of enthusiasm and applause, such as the Athenæum has never had displayed within its walls, within “the recollec-tion of the oldest inhabitant.”

(Continued from page 6)

Civil War Re-enactors; America’s Living Historians.

The Confederate Traitors have commenced the war, they have been so long preparing for without ob-struction, and their first prize in fight (having previ-ously confined themselves to stealing, under pretense of peace) has been the capture of Fort Sumter and sixty men by a force of five thousand, with nineteen heavy batteries. This inglorious success will cost them dear. Inexcusably and wantonly taking up the offen-sive, they have at once cut themselves off from all honest sympathy, even in the South, and kindled a patriotic rage that envelopes all parties and all classes throughout the United States henceforth. The Presi-dent has issued his proclamation calling out 75,000 men to put down the rebellion, and convening Con-gress on the Fourth of July. Gov. Morgan of this State, will at once call out a contingent of 25,000 men, and Gov. Curtin of Pennsylvania will do the same. New regiments are already forming rapidly, in antici-pation of the proclamation.

—N. Y. Sun.