Community Research T ools Stepping Out..
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Transcript of Community Research T ools Stepping Out..
Community Research ToolsStepping Out..
Thuy Bui, MDJanuary 26, 2012
Why community? Social accountability of medical
schools/academic health centers Physicians’ public roles Social determinants of health
Health disparities researchTranslational researchImplementation scienceHealth services research
What are some of the approaches and tools that we use? Community based participatory research
(PAR) Community needs assessment Implementation, feasibility study, quality
improvement Project/program development and evaluation Evaluation of health education and promotion
initiatives Literature review and case studies
*Overlaps among classification common
Research Tools Project evaluation
methods Participatory/
community Process evaluation Logic models SWOT analysis
Observation, survey, interview, focus groups
Data mining Systematic literature
review
Quantitative/statistical analysis
Qualitative analysis Thematic analysis using
computer software GIS
Key Informant Interviews When qualitative, descriptive information is
sufficient for decision-making When there is a need to understand motivation,
behavior, and perspectives of consumers and partners
When a main purpose is to generate recommendations
When quantitative data collected through other methods need to be interpreted
When preliminary information is needed to design a comprehensive quantitative study
Conducting Key Informant Interviews Formulate study questions Prepare a short interview guide Select key informants: first-hand specialized
knowledge and unique perspectives Establish rapport; sequence questions, phrase
questions carefully, use probing techniques; maintain a neutral attitude
Take adequate notes
Focus Groups When to use:
In conjunction with a satisfaction survey At the start of a project, when making changes to
your service or when identifying a problem Preparing a strategy When you want to improve relationships with
consumers/partners
Inappropriate Use of Focus Groups Avoid focus groups when they imply commitments
you cannot keep or raise expectations If participants are not comfortable with each other When the topic is not appropriate for the
participants When a project require statistical or objective data
Four Steps to Effective Focus Groups Planning Recruitment: compatibility, 6-10 participants Moderation: setting up the session, preparing
questions, recording the data Analyzing and reporting
NEED PROPER TRAINING TO CONDUCT FOCUS GROUPS!
Survey Design Establish the goals of the project Determine your sample Choose interviewing methodology Create your questionnaire Pre-test questionnaire, if practical Conduct interviews and enter data Analyze the data; produce the reports
Better to use validated instruments!
Dr. Galen Switzer
Survey Methods Personal Interviews Telephone surveys Mail surveys Computer direct interviews Email surveys
Multiple choiceNumeric open endText open end
Rating scaleAgreement Scale
CostSpeedHealth LiteracySensitive questions
Literature Review =Summary and Synthesis Enlarging your knowledge Information seeking Critical appraisal Synthesize results into a summary of what is
and is not known Identify areas of controversy in the literature Formulate questions that need further
research
The Case Study A problem or how a person or institution dealt
with a problem Propose a solution; recommend a course of
action; or assess the success of previous attempts to solve the problem
Bring in theories to show how it relates to the case at hand
SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats
Logic Model
http://www.uwex.edu/ces/pdande/evaluation/evallogicmodel.html
Logic Model
http://www.uwex.edu/ces/pdande/evaluation/evallogicmodel.html
Principles of participatory evaluation Focuses on learning, success and action Useful to the people who are doing the work that
is being evaluated Ongoing and continual feedback Knowledge, attitudes, skills and behavior change
is built into the evaluation Define specific project evaluation questions, the
indicators of success and realistic timeframes Recognize shared interests among funders,
stakeholders, consumers, and staff.
5 key evaluation questions What? Did we do what we said we would do? Why? What did we learn about what worked and
what didn’t work? So what? What difference did it make that we did
this work? Now what? What could we do differently? Then what? How do we plan to use evaluation
findings for continuous learning?
5 evaluation process steps Define the project work. What are the measurable
project goals and objectives? Develop success indicators and their measures Collect the evaluation data
Written questionnaire, telephone survey, interview, focus group, observation, project diary, program records, before and after questionnaires
Analyze and interpret the data Use the evaluation results
GIS in RTI research
THIS WEEK IN GLOBAL HEALTH Global Women's Health Lecture Series"Intimate Partner Violence: A Community Engaged Approach to Intervention Development"Speaker: Jessie Burke, MHS, PhDWednesday, January 11, 7:30-9 p.m. Magee-Womens Hospital, Auditorium, 0 Level Dr. Burke is an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health. She has an undergraduate degree in cultural anthropology from New York University, a masters of health sciences in international health, and a PhD in social and behavioral sciences from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Dr. Burke is a public health social scientist with a focus on the interpersonal and neighborhood contexts of urban health disparities, and much of her work addresses low-income women and children. Her research adopts an ecological perspective and a community engaged approach in addressing health promotion. She employs ethnographic and social epidemiologic techniques to explore the multiple levels of influencing factors associated with health problems such as intimate partner violence, youth violence, low birth weight, and preterm delivery. She is also interested in the design, implementation, and evaluation of comprehensive interventions that address important women's health problems. Her work has been used to help develop a clinic-based, peer-advocate, intimate-partner, violence-intervention for women. Now in a position to expand her domestic urban health research into a global setting, Dr. Burke recently developed a women's health research agenda in Hyderabad, India.
http://www.bchs.pitt.edu/
http://www.cherp.research.va.gov/leadershipfaculty.asp
Health disparities research
1. Vaccine effectiveness research
2. Teen pregnancy prevention community project
3. Environment and contextual factors impacting asthma
4. Childhood obesity prevention in community
5. Biomarker signaling techniques
Contact: Dr. John Maier
FOCUS GROUP COURSE AT GSPH
CLRES 2400 Spring Course in Qualitative Research
Tuesdays 1-3pm Parkvale Building (1/10-2/28) Receive project-specific training in conducting and analyzing qualitative data.Course Objectives:• Design a qualitative research study. • Write an interview or focus group script.• Develop a qualitative codebook and code textual data.• Learn to use the qualitative software program Atlas.ti.• Apply intercoder reliability approaches to qualitative data.Questions? Contact: Susan Zickmund, PhD, Director, Qualitative Research Core, [email protected]; 412-954-5259
http://www.ucsur.pitt.edu/survey_design.php
Student SP examples: Jaime Moore: “Documenting Financial Burden and
Identifying Barriers to Obtaining Financial Assistance Among Adult, English-Speaking Uninsured Patients at the Birmingham Free Clinic” Thematic analysis of patient interviews using ATLAS.ti
Will Bemben: “Translation of a Model Street Medicine Program for the Homeless in a Unique Setting: a Three Phased Approach” Literature review and interviews of key informants
Jane S. Tschang: “Effectiveness of Adolescent Anti-Smoking Health Education through Computerized Media Literacy Program” implementation and evaluation of the pilot program
using pre- and post 18-item validated smoking media literacy scale
Area of Concentrations Underserved Populations Global Health Public Health
February 2nd 12-1Dr. Michael Yonas
Introduction to community based participatory researchAnd the use of photovoice