Community Mobilisation and Participation
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Transcript of Community Mobilisation and Participation
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Community Mobilisation and Participation
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Session Objectives
By the end of the session, participants should beable to:
Define the key terms: community mobilisation &community participation
Explain the importance of communityparticipation
List at least 3 channels of community
mobilisation Identify at least 4 challenges of community
participation
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Presentation outline
Definition of Key Concepts The concept of community participation
Major community mobilisation components
Importance of Community Participation Channels used in Community mobilisation
Participatory Methods
Challenges Principles of community Mobilisation
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Community Mobilisation Definition: Process of involving people to organise and
take action to achieve a common objective which will bebeneficial to them. For example, an NGO/CBO maymobilise women and political leaders in one communityto participate in a water and sanitation project.
People may be mobilised by community members, non-governmental organisations, or by local government
Mobilisation can occur at all levels: National
Regional
Community
Individual
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Community Participation
Cheap labour concept :-According to thisconcept, the community is considered to have
participated when it provides free, unskilled
labour for construction and provision of locally
available materials in the spirit of self-help. Labour contribution under duress (at times)
Usually community not involved in the thinking part
Lowers costs
People identification with project/system
Pride/Sustainability
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Community Participation Concept (cont.)Cost sharing concept
This concept advocates that community members makecontributions in cash or in kind towards the constructionand maintenance of the water and sanitation facilities.
It is assumed that if people are willing to invest part oftheir meagre resources in maintaining the facilities, forexample, to pay the hand pump mechanic, then theyvalue the facility and therefore are committed to keep itin good working order.
This concept has its advantages and disadvantages,these include:
Reduces strain on government resources;
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Community Participation Concept (cont.)
Not involved in the thinking part/decision making;
It does not guarantee sustainability of the installedwater or sanitation facility.
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Community Participation Concept (cont.)
Contractual Obligation Concept of Participation
This concept advocates for establishing a minimal localstructure to manage and maintain the system. It is basedon the assumption that the structure will be able togenerate and sustain local support.This structure isformalised through a contract which spells out the rolesand responsibilities of the different parties(e.g. the sub-county and the community.) Contract negotiations rarely involve the average village person -
leading to a decline in labour and cash contributions
Wins over local leadership hence legitimising the project;
Water
Local management structures
Immediate committee formation runs risk of missing out the bestor most representative people on committee
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Community Participation Concept (cont.)
Decision-making concept Community knows best their problems and priorities,
hence need to involve them;
Brings in new insights into community resourcespotential and constraints
Takes time, that is, too long, too costly!?
Requires skills in participatory planning/trainingapproaches
While the 3 are important, involvement in "thinking anddecision making is paramount
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Community Mobilisation
Major components
High level advocacy- obtaining high level commitment tothe program or cause is important. In community levelprojects this may mean convincing local chiefs orpoliticians, in a national campaign this may involve a
President and his cabinet
Organisational motivation and training - people involvedmust have adequate training and high level oforganisation to achieve the ends
Community-level communication- accessible andeffective communication must exist amongst the peoplein the community involved.
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Importance of Community Participation
Participation as an end in itself- it is a right forpeople to participate in making decisions whichdirectly affect their living conditions
Participation is a valuable learning process,
preparing people to deal successfully withproblems in other spheres of life
Participation makes a project more effective, bymaking the outputs conform better to the realneeds and aspirations of the people( e.g.technology, site, etc.)
Participation makes a project more efficient, bystimulating peoples willingness to invest theirown time and resources
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Methods used in Community Mobilisation
Mass media radio, Television
Print Media-Posters, leaflets, Newspapers, brochures
Person to Person - meetings, home visits
Traditional Mediamusic, dance and drama Campaigns
Participatory methods
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Participatory Methods
What are participatory methods? Participatory methods encourage the
participation of individuals in a group process,no matter what their age, sex, social class oreducational background.
They are useful for encouraging the participationof women (who in some cultures are reluctant toexpress their views or are unable to read and/or
writes.)
They are designed to build self-esteem and asense of responsibility for ones decisions
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Participatory Methods
They try to make the process of decision-making easyand fun.
Participants learn from each other and develop respect
for each others knowledge and skills
Participatory methods are based on principles of adult
education
They help people to feel more confident about
themselves and their ability to take action and make
improvements in their communities
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Common Participatory Tools for Water and
sanitation programs
Participatory mapping
Sanitation ladder
Safe Water Chain
Faecal Routes & Barriers
Transect walk
24 hour activity chart
Gender analysis tools (task,resource & time management
Story with a gap
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Challenges
Time constraints: Inadequate time for community
mobilisation Some components need more time e.g. sanitation and
community contribution
Some communities are too poor to meet some of the
critical requirements Inadequate follow up support to communities
Unwillingness of some communities to meet the criticalrequirements especially payment of contribution andsanitation improvement
Political influence especially in allocation of sources &meeting the critical requirements
Staff turn over
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Principles of Social Mobilisation
The following principles for social mobilisation are important for effectivemobilisation:
Start from where people are;
Work with the people and not for the people;
Respect the people and their cultural values and believe in their potential fordeveloping their own lives;
Talk the common language;
Go to people as learners and not as teachers;
Be humble, honest, dedicated, patient and sensitive;
Should maintain a simple and reasonable life style. Be one of or appear tobe seen as one of them, that is, identify yourself with the community;
Have the capacity and humility to withdraw as soon as people are ready tomanage their own affairs.
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Water collection from a deep well
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An improved pit latrine
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Hand washing after latrine use
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Drying rack