Nathalie van Vlietvanvlietnathalie@yahoo.com

1. Why is community engagement necessary?

2. A historical perspective

3. Challenges

4. Key ingredients to success

Social conservationists Ecocentric environmentalists

The elephant in the room

Putting the cart before the horse

Why is law enforcement not a success?

Bennet (2011) “Another inconvenient truth: the failure of enforcement systems to save charismatic species”

Before the colonial period, relations between local forest communities and the natural spaces were based on four systems of access and ownership :

1)collective ownership of all anthropoid spaces;

2)individual control of farmlands, water and some tree species;

3)free access to some major rivers, arid zones, roads and special products;

4)limited access to a common pool of resources like wildlife, forest products, NTFPs, some streams and natural forests

A historical perspective

From ownership to user rights

Over the colonial period, customary ownership and rights over natural resources were profoundly changed.

Poverty

ChallengesPoverty

Poverty

Challenges

Some times, exacerbated by industrial and conservation land grabs

Brudland report

The corporate land use shift (Bauer, 205)

Challenges

The loss of wildlife harvest traditions and the cultural dimensions of biodiversity

Challenges

Human wildlife conflicts

Challenges

Ownership : “the government’s wildlife” Challenges

Challenges

Economic value of wildlife

Challenges

Non consumptive use Consumptive use

“Como podemos conservar sin tocar” curaca Ticuna Amazonas Colombia

Long term monitoring and participatory methods for decision makings

Report Beyond enforcement