Community Centred Conservation (C3) Dugongs in Palau

8/4/2019 Community Centred Conservation (C3) Dugongs in Palau

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2/44

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Wnha jbwetewea ekblqgag3

Jarejl qrtau3 Jk jarejl qrtau ojag hk wna àwnhghlhiu qag ek wna }ratehq qrtau .:599(9>, :5>2:55:, :55>% yj bhhrgekjwag ou wna Bhkartjk

: Wne }rhcabw, Brhbhgela jkg Gqihki ]h}qljwehk Jaàkw jkg @jkjiaàkw ek ]jljq+ QR DYR Jiraaàkw Kh:??==?I==7, njg wyh bh`}hkakw, hka dhbqeki hk gqihki, wna hwnar hk jlwyjwar brhbhgela+ Wna ljwwar ebhtarag ou a}jrjwa ra}hrw+

+

2


9/44

Ekbegakwjl einweki uwa`3 Wna ]jljq Bhkartjwehk Rhbeawu yj bhkwrjbwag wh gatalh} j uwa` dhrbhllabweki jkg rabhrgeki ekbegakwjl einweki .leta jke`jl% jkg ra}hrweki .bjrbja, }hjbneki, awb+%+

Lhbjl fkhylagia3 Wna ]jljq Bhkartjwehk Rhbeawu yj bhkwrjbwag wh bhkgqb

w ekwarteay yewn faukhylagiajola }ah}la ek ]jljq hk wna gewreoqwehk jkg `htaàkw hd gqihki, jkg jku bnjkia htar weà+

gakwedebjwehk hd wna ajirj oag3 Wna ]jljq Ekwarkjwehkjl Bhrjl _aad Bakwar yj bhkwrjbwag wh egakwedu

iu jkg jka ekdhr`jwehk ijekag

h` jll bh`}hkakw e bhòekag ek wna dekjl gebqehk jkg }rhtega wna oje dhr rabh`àkgag jbwehk

+: Hocabweta

:+ Wh bhkgqbw jk jarejl qrtau ojag hk wna àwnhghlhiu qag ek wna }ratehq qrtau .:599(9>,

2+ ranaketa ra}hrw hk }jw jkg bqrrakw jarejl qrtau raqlw dhr gqihki ek ]jljq,

?+? @a

qrtau hd gqihki bhkgqbwag ek ]jljq ek :599(>, :5>2, :55: jkg:55 5>>, @jrn aw jl+, :551, Rèwn, :55> qk}qolenag gjwj%+Rqr a, wnaradhra wnaer }re`jru qa yara dhrgawa e akewu, jkg wh bh`}jra wna raljweta kqòar hd jgqlw jkgbjlt o h awe`jwa wna esa hd ]jljq gqihki }h}qljwehk+?

kgarhk .:55>% dhqkg wnjw jarejl qrtau }rhgqbag àjkekidql gjwj hk ajhkjl njoewjw qa jkg irhq}wna ajhkjl tjrejwehk, ek war` hd yjwar wa`}arjwqra, e kaileieola ek ]jljq,

dhr`jwehk hk irhq} esa e }arwekakw+

ag dhrqrtaueki+ Wna jà dleinw }jwn yara qag ek jll bja, nhyatar, wna raqlw drh` wna qrtau jra khwgerabwlu bh`}jrjola gqa wh wna tjrejoelewu ek kqòar hd hoartar, whwjl qrtau weà, }aag jkg jlwewqga.Wjola :%+ Wna qrtau ek :55> yj khw bh`}lawag .hka abwhr ra`jekag wh oa qrtauag% gqa wh wna wrjieb

f

E

jkg `j} }hwakwejl jraj hd gqihki njoewjw .ajirj oag yewn j}}rh}rejwa }abea% wnrhqin wna qa hd wnarabakw jkg }jw gqihki jarejl qrtau gjwj .gewreoqwehk }jwwark hd gqihki einweki%, lhbjl fkhylagia,}jw jarejl }nhwhirj}n, jkg jtjeljola ra`hwa akeki e`jia+

Wna johta jbwetewea jra gabreoag ek wna ka~w wnraa abwehk hd wne ra}hrw, gawjeleki àwnhghlhjkjlue hd raqlw ek wna bhkwa~w hd ynjw nj oaak lajrkw drh` }ratehq wqgea+ Wndrdhr wna dqwqra }rhwabwehk hd wna gqihki ek ]jljq+

?+ JA_EJL RQ_TAU

?

:5>2, :55:, :55>%+

?+ Jkjlusa wna raqlw jkg bh`}jra wna` wh wna }ratehq qrtau+

]ra}jra j bh`}jkg gebq wna` ek raljwehk wh wna hwnar }rhcabw jbwetewea+

wnhg

]jw Jarejl Rqrtau

Wnara njta oaak dhqr }ratehq jarejl > .Orhykall aw jl+, :5>:, _jwnoqk aw jl+, :tau bhkgqbwag ek jll uajr yara aakwejllu zqjlewjwetr` keki jraj hd raljwetalu nein gqihki ga awyaak qrtau+ Wnau yara khw gaeikag w

Jesa ek Jqwrjlej+ Jlwnhqin

ekEk jll qrtau, jega drh` wna hka ek :599, nein-yeki jerbrjdw }rhtegeki `j~e`q` teeoelewu yara q

? Raa Jwwjbnàkw >+: dhr j gebqehk hd ynu jarejl qrtau wh awe`jwa gqihki }h}qljwehk esa ek ]jljq jra khdajeola+

w

7


10/44

bjll deta qrtau jra jkjlusag chekwlu ek hrgar wh gawarèka iakarjl }jwwark ek gewreoqwehk jkg njoewjwqwelesjwehk ou wna ]jljqjk gqihki }h}qljwehk, jkg wh }rhtega raljweta ekdhr`jwehk hk jgqlw jkg bjld

rjn hd wna jer}ljka hk j bh`àrbejl dleinw gqreki wna bhqra hd wna wqgu+ Ek wne abwehk, wna gjwj drh`

qòar oawyaak qrtau+

bnu+ Hk einweki j gqihki, hr irhq} hd

qihki, jk hoartar bjllag hqw wh wna qrtau lajgar, ynh yhqlg ekwrqbw wna }elhw wh berbla wna lhbjwehk hjw wna einweki bhqlg oa bhkderàg jkg kqòar hd ekgetegqjl taredeag+ Jwwa`}w yara `jga wh èkeèsa

-?=7 f`(nr .:==-::= fkhw% jw jk jlwewqga hd :5> `1= dw%+ Wna dhqr dleinw rhqwa .Deiqra 2% bhtarag ek }ratehq qrtau yara bh`}lawag, yewn jk jtarjia

qrtau weà hd :22 èkqwa .? nhqr :7 èkqwa% }ar rhqwa+ Wna whwjl qrtau weà yj 121 èkqwa .>

k?==2 Jarejl Rqrtau

Wna qrtau waj` bhkewag hd j bh`àrbejl }elhw yewn }ratehq gqihki qrtau a~}areakba, j drhkw-reinwqrtau lajgar, wyh èg-ajw hoartar jkg wyh rajr-ajw hoartar+ Wna qrtau lajgar2 jkg hka hoartar7njg }ratehq a~}areakba hd gqihki jarejl qrtau+ Jll waj` àòar hbbq}eag wna jà ajw gqreki ajdleinw, jlwnhqin wnaer }hewehk tjreag hk bhkabqweta qrtau gjgwnwna addabw hd iljra ou akqreki wnjw jll hoartar yhra irau }hljresag qkilja+

Wna qrtau whhf }ljba hk wnraa bhkabqweta gju oawyaak >wn jkg :=wn @jrbn ?==21+ J Orewwak-Khr`jkEljkgar nein yeki jerbrjdw yj qag, dlueki jw :>1.4

nhqr 11 èkqwa%+4

2

Njg }jrwebe}jwag ek zqjkwewjweta gqihki jarejl qrtau hk wna Irajw Ojrrear _aad .Jqwrjlej% ek wna :5>=, jkg laga :55> ]jljq gqihki jarejl qrtau+

ar,

4 Hoartar yara jfag wh jlh ekgetegqjllu rabhrg wqrwla einweki .e+a+ einweki yara khw bjllag hqw wh wna qrtau

, jkg h bjkkhw }rhtega jku qjola ekdhr`jwehk

wn7 Njg }jrwebe}jwag ek wna :55> ]jljq gqihki jarejl qrtau j jk hoartar+1 Ek wna dhllhyeki raqlw jkg jkjlue, wna war` qrtau gju e qag dhr ajbn a}jrjwa dleinw abwhr(rhqwa+ Nhyatek ?==2, gqa wh taru ihhg qrtau bhkgewehk, wyh abwhr(rhqwa yara dlhyk hk wna ljw gju .@jrbn :=, ?==2%+ Dhrwna jfa hd bhkewakbu yewn }ratehq qrtau jkjlua, ajbn hd wna wyh abwhr(rhqwa hk wnjw gju jra bhkegaraga}jrjwa qrtau gju dhr jkjlue }qr}ha+

lajgar dhr rabhrgeki% ek hrgar wh faa} hoartar jlarw+ Nhyatar, wne gjwj yj khw rabhrgag bhkewakwlu ou jllhoartar

1


11/44

Dleinw _hqwa : .dlhyk :=-@jr-=2% Dleinw _hqwa ? .dlhyk >-@jr-=2%

Dleinw _hqwa 2 .dlhyk 5-@jr-=2% Dleinw _hqwa 7 .dlhyk :=-@jr-=2%

Deiqra 23 Wna dhqr dleinw rhqwa dlhyk ek ?==2 .ojag hk wna dleinw rhqwa dlhyk ek :55: jkg

:55>%

4


12/44

Uajr3 :599:

:59>:

:5>2?

:55:2

:55>7

?==21

Gjwa Gab+?-2

Gab+::-:1, :9-:>

Jqi+:5, ?:-?7, ?4

Jqi+1->

Hbw+?4, ?5-2=

@jr+>-:=

Wegjl ]nja Kaj}

.gabrajeki%4

R}reki R}reki R}reki

.ekbrajeki%

Kaj} Kaj}

.gabrajeki%

Wu}a hd

JerbrjdwLhy-yeki Nein yeki Nein yeki Nein yeki Nein yeki Nein yeki

Kh+ hd

Hoartar

7 Qqjllu 2 2 7 2-4 Qqjllu 1

Hoartar

A~}areakba

Nein8 Nein8 Nein8 Taru nein Lhy Lhy-àg+

Jlwewqga

.`%

?91 ?91 :1=-2== ?91 ?77 :5>

Jer}aag

.f`(nr%

:?=-:2= ::1-:71 = ?== ?=7-?:2 :>1-?=7:9

Raj Rwjwa K(J Djer-a~ballakw Oajqdhrw=-?

Oajqdhrw:-2+1

Oajqdhrw?-2

Oajqdhrw:-2

Blhqg Bhtar K(J =! Iakarjlluhtarbjw

2=-91! ?1-91!

Hoartjwehk

Weà .èk%

2=7 :=:2 5=1 745 249 121

Wjola :3 Bh`}jrehk hd dleinw gawjel dhr jll e~ jarejl qrtau+.: Orhykall, aw jl+ .:5>:%6 ? _jwnoqk, aw jl+ .:5>>%6 2 @jrn, aw jl+ .:551%6 7 Rèwn .:55>,qk}qolenag gjwj%6 1 Rèwn .?==2, qk}qolenag gjwj%6 4 Gabrajeki jtarjia wegjl rjkia+%

?+2 _aqlw

Ek wne abwehk, wna e~ jarejl qrtau jra bh`}jrag jkg bhkwrjwag ek war` hd wu}a hd jerbrjdw qag,hoartjwehk weà jkg hwnar djbwhr .Wjola :%+ Ynara }heola, j bh`}jrehk nj oaak `jga oawyaak wnaljw wnraa jarejl qrtau .:55:, :55> jkg ?==2% j bhkgewehk yara `hw eèljr dhr wnaa uajr+ Nhyatar,wna leèwjwehk hd qbn j bh`}jrehk `qw oa wraag ek leinw hd wna tjrejola bhkgewehk dhr ajbn qrtau+Wna htarjll }ebwqra e hka hd raljweta gqihki gewreoqwehk jkg kqòar, rjwnar wnjk jbwqjl kqòar+ Jkhwag johta, wne gjwj bjkkhw oa a~wrj}hljwag wh awe`jwa }h}qljwehk esa+

Wna whwjl kqòar hd gqihki einwag jra djerlu eèljr jbrh jll qrtau uajr, a~ba}w dhr wna bhqkw ek:599 ynebn yara }jrwebqljrlu lhy .:1 jke`jl% .Wjola ?%+ Wne `ju njta oaak gqa wh j bhòekjwehk hdgabrajag dealg hd teehk dhr hoartar ek j lhy-yeki jerbrjdw, jkg j raljwetalu nhrw hoartjwehk weà.Wjola :%+ Bh`}jreki kqòar hd gqihki aak }ar qkew weà }ar qrtau gju .Wjola ?, jkg dhhwkhwa 1%}rhtega j `hra rajleweb bh`}jrehk oawyaak raqlw drh` wna geddarakw qrtau uajr+

9


13/44

Uajr3 :599:

9>:

2? 2 7

:5 :5> :55: :55> ?==21

h+ Gqih 2 2> ?4 22 ?9

Bjlta : ?2 9+5 :1+7 ?:+? ?1+5

Rqrtau Gj =+=4

=+=:1=+::5 &=+=?=

=+=7? &=+=?2

=+::4 &=+=47

=+=1: & =+

ajk Irh

RA

jriaw Irh

aak

hwjl Kh+ Raa

jljfjl J

hd Whwjl Raak ek

jljfjl J

4= 2>+? 1 27 4=+4 11+4

k}qol wj%6 1 Rèwn , qk}qole jwj%%+

einwek =+::5 jkg 4(è55>, _hqwa 2

K ki

Bhqkwag

:1 7

! 2+2 +1

Gqihki(@ek

( u & RA

5 =+=>4 & =

@ q} Resa

&

K(J ?+= & =+2= :+2> & =+:: :+29 & =+:4 ?+: & =+2> :+4 & =+:5

L q}

R

K(J 1.&% 9 2 9 7

W k ek

@ raj

.Rabw3 E, EE $ TEE%

5 :2 ? 5 ?= :1

!

@ raj

+2 +4

Wjola ?3 Bh`}jrehk hd kqòar hd gqihki aak, irhq} esa jkg bjld joqkgjkba.: Orhykall, aw jl+ .:5>:%6 ? _jwnoqk, aw jl+ .:5>>%6 2 @jrn, aw jl+ .:551%6 7 Rèwn .:55>,q enag gj .?==2 nag g

Wna rjwa hd gqihki i yj neinaw ek :5>2 . (èk(gju% :55> .=+:: k(gju%, jlwnhqin ek: yj khw bh`}lawag jkg wne e wna rhqwa yewn newhrebjllu wna lajw gqihki einweki, jkg edh`}lawag yhqlg njta `hw lefalu lhyarag wna htarjll einweki rjwa+

Wna lhyaw einweki

Deiqra 73 Jtarjia kqòar hd gqihki aak }ar qkew dleinw weà dhr wna e~ jarejl qrtau

b

rjwa yara ek :55: .=+=7?(èk(gju% jkg ?==2 .=+=1:(èk(gju%+

=:599 :5 9> :5>2 :5 5: :5 5> ?==2

qrtau gjwa

"

=+=?

=+=7

=+=4

=+=>

=+ :

=+:?

=+:7

>


14/44

R}jwejl gewreoqwehk

J whwjl hd ?9 ekgetegqjl yara bhqkwag gqreki wna bhqra hd wna ?==2 qrtau, atak hd ynebn yara bjlta+uajr, wna n aw bhkbak hk hd gqihki yj dhqkg ek wna @jljfjl Njrohr jraj+ @hw

k wna khrwnark yjwar hd Ojoalgjho hbbqrrag ek wna yawark ljihhk, blha wh wna wjwa hdkg Kijrg`jq+ Hklu hka ekgetegqjl yj aa wna ajwa a hd Ojoa + Ek jll } q

yewn wna a hk hd : @jljf r jra àkw TEEag j jk e`}hrwjkw n dhr gqi bhkba hd jke`jl

oaeki hoartag nara+ Wu}ebjllu, 21-4=! hd wna whwjl jke`jl rabhrgag yara aak ek wne jraj+

rleaw qrtau .:599, :59> jkg :5>2% yara khw bh`}jrag ek Wjola 2 oabjqa hd geddarakba ekleinw we` wh ?-2 we na lakiwn hd ljwar qrtau% jkg(hr kqò hd weà ajb

kw yj qrtauag .oawyaak : jkg 5 weà ek ajrlear qrtau bh`}jrag wh :-2 weà ek ljwar qrtau%+hki ho tag ek wna dleinw yar njllhy y r .ynara wn wwh` yj teeola%

ewakw yewn @jrn hoartjwehk ek wna :55: qrtau, ynak jll oqw > ! hd gqihki yara.@jrn aw jl+, :551%+

qkg e iàkw E EE, .@jljfjl N r jkg khr w hd Kia kal why

E .Kijrg`jq Oju jkg wna yawark ljihhk%+ Kh gqihki njta oaak aak khrwn hdiarbnalhki a~ba}w dhr j `hwnar jkg bjld }jer einwag ek Fhhl Ljihhk ek :55>+ Day gqihki njta

oaak aa na yjwarhd ]alaleq hr Jkijq hd TEEE, E^ jkg + Wn leinw weà .q} wh wyeba j lhki%+

hwjl Gqihki Bhqkwag

J ek }ratehqeinweki e

ein wrjwe

Kijw}jki j k hk rk eg lgjho rateh

jarejl qrtau,1% nj oaak eg

~ba}we 5>2, wna jl Njroh j .aa ai E, EE jkg hk Deiqraakwede joewjw hki, yewn wna irajwaw kwrjwehk

Wna ajjerbrjdw, lhkiar daià

a .q} à w ar n

Hklu 9+9 ! hd gqijkg wne e bhkaak ek gaa} yjwar

ar ?==2 a ek jwa a oh

@hw gqihki jra dh

Jerje% jkg T-T

k a jroh wn-aj l Bnjk jrg

Kk hqwn hd wna @jljfjl Njrohr jraj, yewn kh einweki rabhrgag hqwn hd @abnarbnjr ek w

r+ Nhyatar, ek :59> jkg :5>2, e~ ekgetegqjl yara aak ek wna hqwnark abwehkaa hoartjwehk `ju njta oaak gqa wh ekbrajag d

Wna jarejl einweki dhr wnaa wnraa qrtau uajr jra ge}ljuag ek Deiqra 4+

Kh+ hd Gqihki

JgqlwBjlta! hd W

Raiàkw :55: :55> ?==2 :55: :55> ?==2

E 2: 2: 2: :1+7 :?+: :7+>

EE :: :2? 52 9+9 71+1 77+7EEE ?= == := 9+9 = 2+9

ET := == :: 2+> = 9+7

T 7= ?? 2: :1+7 :?+: :7+>

TE :=? 1= := 74+? :1+? 2+9

TEE := := == 2+> 2 =

TEEE == :: :: = 4+: 9+7

E^ == == == = = =

^ == == := = = 2+>

Ê == :: == = 4+: =

ÊE == == == = = =

Rqo-Whwjl ??7 ?49 ?=9

WHWJL ?4 22 ?9

ekynebn ;:=! hd wna whwjl kqòar hd gqihki yara einwag njta oaak neinleinwag+Wjola 23 _aljweta gewreoqwehk hd gqihki ek jarejl qrtau aiàkw .Deiqra 1%+ Raiàkw

5


15/44

E

^

ÊE

Ê

ET

EEETE

E

E

E^

TEEE

TEE

T

Deiqra 13 @j} nhyeki wna wyalta jarejl qrtau abwehk qag dhr àjqreki gqihki

gewreoqwehk ek ]jljqjk yjwar .Jdwar Orhykall aw jl+, :5>:%+

:=


16/44

::

Deiqra 43 @j} nhyeki lhbjwehk hd einweki hd gqihki drh` wna }jw wnraa jarejl qrtau+

Bjlta

Wna }arradlabw d nweki bjlta drh` wna jer wnjw juoa ye`èki qkgarkajwn wnaer `hwnar, jkg(hr }heolu radlabw wna geddareki weà hd uajr hd ajbn qrtau.Deiqra 9%+ Ek :59>, :55> jkg ?==2 eèljr }arbakwjia hd bjlta yara hoartag h wnara gh khw j}}ajr wh

bakwjia hd bjlta aak e neinlu tjrejola jbrh wna qrtau uajr .9+5 - ?1+5 !%, ynebn bhqlglqbwqjwehk ek bjlteki rjwa, jkg(hr oa gqa wh wna geddebqlwu ek ei

::


17/44

njta oaak jku grjweb bnjkia ek bjlteki rjwa htar wna }jw ?1 uajr+ Wna jtarjia }rh}hrwehk hd bjltaaak ek Jqwrjlejk jkg Whrra Rwrjew qrtau, tjrea drh` 5-:7! .Jkgarhk, :5>4, Jkgarhk, :5>5,@jrn aw jl+ :5>7, @jrn, :5>4, @jrn aw jl+, :559%+ Rh ek bh`}jrehk, ew j}}ajr wnjw wna }rh}hrwehk hdbjlta aa ek ]jljq e nein+ Wna irhq} hd gqihki hoartag ek Jqwrjlej yara, nhyatar, ljriar jkg bjlta`ju oa `hra ajelu htarlhhfag ynak bh`}jrag wh wna gewekbw lhka da`jla-bjld }jer qqjllu hoartag ek]jljq+ R`jllar irhq} jra aak jrhqkg Whrra Rwrjew oqw atak h, wna }rh}hrwehk hd bjlta e, hk jtarjia,

`qbn lhyar+ Ew bhqlg oa }heola wnjw wna ra}rhgqbweta ekwartjl dhr da`jla e hk jtarjia lhyar dhr da`jlagqihki ek ]jljq, ynak bh`}jrag wh wnha ek Jqwrjlej+ Djbwhr wnjw `ju bhkwreoqwa wh }heola neinarbjlteki rjwa ek ]jljq èinw ekblqga3

La bh`}awewehk dhr dhhg .joqkgjkw dhhg rahqrba jkg lewwla bh`}awewehk gqa wh lhy }h}qljwehkesa%

_aljweta ljbf hd ajhkjlewu .bhkwjkw yjr` yjwar wnrhqinhqw wna uajr% Leèwag }hwakwejl èirjwehk gewjkba raljweta wh Jqwrjlej .:= hd f` tarq :== hd f`%+

Jll bhy-bjld

TEEE% .hjbne ynak wnaarajw

a+a`jl

Deiqra 93 Kqòar hd jgqlw jkg bjlta aak hk ajbn jarejl qrtau

}jer yara aak hk hr taru blha wh raad ek :55> jkg ?==2, `hw lefalu dhr wna }qr}ha hdnalwareki wna bjlta drh` wrhki bqrrakw jkg }heolu wh jllhy j zqebf abj}a wh njllhy yjwar ek wna}raakba hd }ragjwhr+ Ek :55>, wnraa bhy-bjld }jer yara aak ek wna @jljfjl Njrohr jraj .E jkg EE% wnraabhy yewn bjlta ek khrwn jkg khrwnajw Ojoalgjho jraj .abwehk T jkg Ê%, jkg hka }jer ek wna _hbfEljkg jraj .abwehk TEEE%+ Ek ?==2, dhqr }jer yara hoartag blha wh raad ek wna @jljfjl Njrohr jraj .Ejkg EE%, yewn wyh }jer ek khrwn Ojoalgjho .ET jkg T%, jkg jkhwnar }jer yewnek wna _hbf Eljkg .abwehk

Wki jkg ohjw jbwetewu jkg wnq raw ou gju jkg bhà ekwh njllhy yjwar wh daag ou keinwjra laakag+ Nhyatar, bhy-bjld }jer jra jlh lefalu wh oa ek blha }rh~eèwu wh nein-zqjlewu jw jll weà, khw hklu gqreki wna keinw, j ljbwjwehk `jfa najtu akariu ga`jkg hk da`jl

a yewn bjlta kaag wh oa daageki `hra hdwak jkg(hr hk oawwar zqjlewu rahqrba wnjk lhka gqihki,

:599 :59> :5>2 :55: :55> ?==2qrtau uajr

=

1

:=

:1

?=

?1

2=

21

7=bjlta

jgqlw

"

jola 2%+ Wnara nj oaak }abqljwehk wnjw gqihki ek ]jljq jra rawrebwag ek wnaer daageki njoew ou}wnrahqrbaDwnq ew e }heola wh ekdar wnjw nein zqjlewu ajirja jra lefalu wh oa }raakw ek abwehk E, EE jkg T.@jljfjl Njrohr jkg wna khrwnyaw ljihhk%+ Jlwnhqin daageki hr daageki }lqà yara khw hoartaggqreki wna ?==2 jarejl qrtau, wne gha khw àjk wnjw gqihki yara khw daageki+ Dlueki jw qbn jlwewqga

:?


18/44

jkg }aag, ew yj qklefalu wnjw hoartar yhqlg aa gqihki ek wna }rhba hd daageki, a}abejllu ed wneekthltag wna jke`jl geteki wh ga}wn hd q} wh := ` hr `hra+

Irhq} esa

Wna `hw bh``hk irhq} esa hoartag ek jll jarejl qrtau yj : hr ? gqihki, qqjllu j lhka jgqlw hr j

da`jla yewn nar bjld+ Wna àjk irhq} esa aak jbrh qrtau uajr rjkia drh` :+7 wh ?+: jke`jl+ Wnaljriaw irhq} aak yara atak gqihki ek :5>2 jkg :55>+ _jwnoqk aw jl+ .:5>>3?4>% khwa wnjw wna irhqhoartag ek :5>2 yj ye`èki yewn

}hka jke`jl ek wna lajg jkg wna raw dhllhyeki oanekg jkg wh wna

ega khd jkj + Wnaa wu}a hd irhq}, bhkeweki hd jla bnjeki j da`jla njta ekba oaakgab a a irhq} hd atakho a }ljkaberblag .J+ Rèwn, }ar bh``+%+ Wna ohwwh` hd wna ljihhk yj khw jlyju teeola gqreki wna qrtau, hwnara `ju njta oaak `hra gqihki oalhy wna qrdjba wnjw bhqlg khw oa aak drh` wna jer+

Ek wna ]jljq jarejl qrtau, hbbjehkjllu wnraa gqihki yara aak whiawnar, hka bhy-bjld }jer jkg j wnergjke`jl+ Wna wnerg jgqlw `ju aewnar oa jkhwnar da`jla, hr ew `ju oa wna bhy }ratehq bjld wnjw nj

rajbnag jgqlw esa, oqw ra`jek yewn wna bhy+ Ek wna bja ynara dhqr jgqlw njta oaak hoartag, wnau `juoa da`jla jkg qo-jgqlw+

Narg esa hd ?= njta oaak hoartag ek Zqaakljkg jkg :== hr `hra ek @hrawhk Oju .hqwn-ajwZqaakljkg, Jqwrjlej%, Rnjrf Oju .Yawark Jqwrjlej% jkg Bj}a Uhrf .khrwn-ajw Jqwrjlej% .@jrn jkgRjjldalg, :5>5%+ R`jllar `j~e`q` narg esa jkg neinar ge}arehk aa` wh oa wu}ebjl hd wrh}ebjl eljkgabhuwa`, ynak bh`}jrag wh Jqwrjlej bhkwekakwjl nald .Ga Ehkin aw jl+, :551%+ Dhr a~j`}la, wnaljriaw irhq} esa aak ek jarejl qrtau hd wna Whrra Rwrjew }h}qljwehk ek :55? yj aeinw, jkg htar 91 !hd jke`jl yara jlhka hr ek bhy-bjld }jer .@jrn aw jl+, :559%+ Ek wna :55= jkg :55? jarejl qrtau hdgqihki ek wna Laja Eljkg, Ekghkaej, wna àjk irhq} esa hoartag yj ?+1 wh 2+= jke`jl .Ga Ehkinaw jl+, :551%, hklu leinwlu neinar wnjk wna àjk hoartag ek ]jljq .:+7 wh ?+: jke`jl%+ Ga Ehkin aw jl+.:551% gabreoa gqihki j èlglu hbejl jkg djbqlwjweta nargar yewn irhq} ra}raakweki daageki

jaòljia yewn lhha hbejl ekwarjbwehk rjwnar wnjk de~ag narg yewn wrhki hbejl ohkg+ Wne ebhkderàg ek wna bja hd gqihki ek ]jljqjk yjwar ynebn, jega drh` bhy-bjld }jer, j}}ajr wh oa ljrialuhlewjru+

Wnara j jljfjl Njrohr jraj+ Wne

u

u

ajk jrwedjbw hd wna wegjl }nja+

e j bh`}jbw irhq} .yewnek :` hd ajbn hwnar%+ Na bh`}jra wne oanjtehr yewn wna `jweki nargwaa aak ek Dlhregj

reo g ek gqihki wqgea ou Jkgarhk .:5>5% ek @hrawhk Oju, Jqwrjlej+ Hd wnart g ek :55>, ekewejllu dhqr gqihki yara }hwwag egleki, wnak jkhwnar wnraa qrdjbag ynela wna

}}ajr wh oa bhkewakw irhq}eki oanjtehr blh a wh Kial Bnjkkal ek wna @@jljfjl narg yj egakwedeag ou Orhykall aw jl+ .:5>:% jkg ra-einwag ek qoazqakw qrtau uajr+ Wneirhq}eki oanjtehr bhqlg oa jkwe-}ragjwhru ek kjwqra j wna jke`jl jra ek gaa}ar, a~}hag yjwar jkg `joa `hra tqlkarjola wh njrf jwwjbf, nhyatar, ek :55> wne irhq} yj hoartag wh oa geteki, khw hkluegleki hk wna qrdjba, h wnau `ju jlh njta oaak daageki+

Gaa}yjwar njoewjw

Ljria naroethrhq `j``jl qbn j gqihki kaag wh daag bhkwekqhqlu hk ljria j`hqkw hd taiawjwehk whjwedu wnaer akariu razqeraàkw+@hkh-}abedeb gaa}yjwar oag, bhkeweki hdNjlh}nelj htjle, njtaoaak egakwedeag ek ohwn wna _hbf Eljkg hqwnark ljihhk jkg ek bnjkkal ek wna yawark ojrrear raad jwga}wn hd q} wh 2= ` .]+ Bhlek, }ar+ bh``+, ?==2, C+ Fqjrwae }ar+ bh``+, ?==2%+ Jlwnhqin gqihki jraaak htar gaa}ar yjwar jyju drh` a~waketa njllhy ajirj oag gqreki wna gju, wnau `ju oa jbbaekiwnaa gaa}ar rahqrba oadhra `hteki ekwh njllhyar yjwar jw keinw .aa }ratehq bh`àkw hk akariga`jkg hd ljbwjwehk%+ Wne oanjtehr `ju jlh oa raljwag wh }jw gju-weà nqkweki }raqra jkg ohjwwrjddeb ek wnaa njllhy jraj+ Khw einweki gqihki ek njllhy yjwar gqreki wna jarejl qrtau `ju jlh o

:2


19/44

?+7 Jggewehkjl Ekdhr`jwehk

Wna dhllhyeki ekdhr`jwehk raljwa wh gqihki leda newhru, oqw yj khw bhllabwag gqreki wna jarejl qrtau+

aw

nhhw irhywnd ajirja hdd Whyktella, Jqwrjlej, ynebn wjrw ek Jqiqw h wnjw da`jla jkg bjlta, ynebn wjrw

ljq+

+ LHBJL FKHYLAGIA JKG EKBEGAKWJL REINWEKIR

j wh

Gaeikeki, wnak }rhgqbeki jkg yegalu gewreoqweki einweki(ra}hrweki bjrg wnrhqinhqw]jljq+

wne bhkwrjbw+

]rhgqbeki jk jkkqjl q``jru ra}hrw hd einweki(ra}hrw dhr gewreoqwehk wh j}}rh}rejwaea ek ]jljq+

_a}rhgqbwehk

Orhykall .:5>:% hoartag kah-kjwjl bjlta ek Gabaòar :59> jkg Jjkh .:52>% bj}wqrag j bjld wnjwàjqrag hklu :+:5 ` ek Ra}waòar :529+ Rekba gqihki àjqra j}}rh~e`jwalu :+: ` jw oerwn .@jrnjl+, :59>%, wna jke`jl bj}wqrag ek :529 yj j taru uhqki ekgetegqjl jkg ya bjk ekdar wnjw oerwn hbbqr jwlajw drh` Ra}waòar wh Gabaòar ek ]jljq .Orhykall aw jl+, :5>:%+ @jrn aw jl+ .:5>7% bhkblqga wnjworaageki e geddqalu ajhkjl ek wrh}ebjl Jqwrjlejk yjwar, hbbqrreki htar atarjl `hkwn, `hwluJqiqw-Ra}waòar, wnrhqin wh Gabaòar+ Rekba wna iawjwehk }arehg e j}}rh~e`jwalu :2 `hkwn, ew elefalu wnjw bjlteki jkg `jweki hbbqr jw djerlu eèljr weà+ Gqihki jra lefalu wh bjlta ek njllhy,nalwarag yjwar, }heolu ek oju hr blha wh wna nhra+ Bjlteki `ju hbbqr }rehr wh wna kayhdaageki hhk jdwar oerwn, bjk wjfa jgtjkwjia hd wna neinlu kqwrewehq kay-irhywn }ljkw .@jrn aw jl+,:5>7%+ Kh wqgea njta h djr oaak bhkgqbwag hk wna `hkwnlu dlqbwqjwehk ek ajirj oeh`j ek ]j

2

Wne abwehk q``jresa wna ekdhr`jwehk hk lhbjl fkhylagia johqw gqihki howjekag ou ]jljqBhkartjwehk Rhbeawu .@jwwnay, ?==2%, jkg wna gatalh}àkw hd jk ekbegakwjl einweki uwa` dhr ]jljq+

2+: Hocabweta

Wna bhkwrjbwhr, ]jljq Bhkartjwehk Rhbeawu, yj jfag wh3

:+ Ekbegakwjl Reinweki3 Gatalh} j uwa` dhr bhllabweki jkg rabhrgeki ekbegakwjl einweki .leta

jke`jl% jkg ra}hrweki .bjrbja, }hjbneki, awb+% hd gqihki .Gqihki gqihk% ek ]jljq+ Ew yekblqga, jw j èke`q`3

Awjoleneki j }rhba dhr rawreateki bjrg wnjw njta oaak dellag hqw+

Gaeikeki jkg awjoleneki jk ekbegakwjl einweki(ra}hrweki gjwjoja, yewn ek}qw,jkjlue, j}}eki, jkg ra}hrweki }rhirj` jkg jhbejwag ekwrqbwehkjl ghbqàkwjwehkdhr aja hd qa+

Jrrjkiaàkw wh `jekwjek wna uwa` jdwar

jiakb

?+ Lhbjl Fkhylagia3 Bhkgqbw wrqbwqrag jkg qkwrqbwqrag ekwarteay yewn fau ]jljqjkfkhylagiajola hd gqihki+ Ekdhr`jwehk bhllabwag nhqlg, jw j eke`q`, ekblqga gewreoqwehk,`htaàkw, njoew, iakarjl oanjtehr, }arbaetag bnjkia htar weà, jkg jku hwnar ralatjkwekdhr`jwehk+

:7


20/44

2+? @awnhg

kwarteay

whwjl hd 79 àk drh` :7 hd ]jljq :4 wjwa yara ekwarteayag oawyaak Gabaòar ?==? jkg Daorqjru` wna ]jljq Bhkartjwehk Rhbeawu .]BR%+ Wnaa àk yara denaràk ynh yara egakwedeag

u bh``qkewu àòar j oaeki fkhylagiajola johqw gqihki+ Ekwarteay zqawehk raljwag wh wnaa+

wnjw

einweki

wh}hirj}neb `j}+ Wna jrajakwedeag njta oaak ge}ljuag oalhy ek Deiqra >+

joalgjho ynebn yj egakwedeag ou ekwarteayaa, jlwnhqin kh gqihki yara einwag nara drh` wna jer+ew wnaa jraj jw keinw hr ynak yjwar jra }jrwebqljrlu bjl` j wna bhjwleka nara, qklefa

k wna yawark ega hd Ojoalgjho, gha khw oakadew drh` wna }rhwabwehk hd j ojrrear raad+ Wnara `ju njtaw gqa wh gaa}ar yjwar ek blhar }rh~eèwu wh

a bhjw+ Wne bhkwrjw yewn wna njllhy yega ljihhk hk wna yaw bhjw, ek ynebn gqihki `ju oa `hrate

Cqw hta yag .12 !% wnhqinw wnjw gqihki hbbq}eag wna yjwar blha wh wnaer Rwjwajll uajr rhq jJeàleefFhrhr@alafahfKijrjjrgKibnajrKieyjl]alaleqKiarbnalhkiKiara` kiqe

Ki k@hw nj ihkidaageki, jeg wnau njg oaak ek wna dhllhyeki wjwa3

erjeFhrhr@alafahfKijrjjrgKiarbnalhki

E

J?==2 ou wjdd drh

obqlwqrjl eikedebjkba hd gqihki, }jw jkg }raakw qa jkg bnjkia ek oanjtehr hr gewreoqwehk htar weÈkbegakwjl Reinweki Ruwa`

J ra}hrweki uwa` dhr ekbegakwjl einweki hd gqihki ou lhbjl raegakw yj awjolenag ou ]BR hekdhr`jwehk hk gqihki lhbjwehk jkg oanjtehr bhqlg oa whrag htar wna lhki-war` ek j bakwrjl gjwjoja+2+2 _aqlw

Ekwarteay

R

Ekdhr`jkw yara jfag wh `jrf jraj ynara wnau njg aak gqihki hkegWnara e jk hotehq htarlj} oawyaak jkabghwjl einweki jkg jarejl einweki, a~ba}w dhr khrwn-ajwOGqihki ju tehoaak `hra geddebqlwu einweki gqihki hk wna khrwn ajw bhjwn

eola drh` wna qrtau }ljka+

r njld hd wna àk ekwarteakg kg 72 ! njg aak gqihki `hra wnjk deta weà ek wna }jw uajr ek wna dhllhyeki wjwa3

la

jw}j i

g katar aak gqihki daageki .99 !%+ Wna :5 ! hd ra}hkgakw ynh bljeàg wh njta aak gq

J

:1


21/44

Kiara`lakiqeKibnajr

iagarrjf, Fhrhr

awaq j whjbnal, @alafahf

njkia ek kq`oar

nak jfag ynawnar wnau wnhqinw wnara yara `hra hr la gqihki wnjk 1 uajr jih, := uajr jih, hr 1=w htar njld hd ra}hkgakw wnhqinw wnara yara la, oqw qr}reekilu, johqw hka wnerg wnhqinw

ara yara `hra+ Gableka yara jwwreoqwag wh ekbrajag ohjw wrjddeb jkg nqkweki+

Kieyjl

Ljria irhq}

Ljria irhq} hd gqihki njg hklu oaak aak ou ra}hkgakw ek wna dhllhyeki jraj deta uajr jih,jlwnhqin wna kq`oar hd gqihki wnjw bhkwewqwag j ljria irhq} yj khw }abedeag ek wna zqawehkkjera3KBnaakial, @alafahf@]alaleq

BYuajr jih, cqwn

:4


22/44

Deiqra > 3 @j} nhyeki gqihki njoewjw gabreoag drh` ekwarteay .]BR% yewn denar`ak

htarljeg yewn einweki drh` rabakw jarejl qrtau+ Wna Bh`}jbw _hjg, bqrrakwlu ek ew dedwnuajr hd bhkwrqbwehk e nhyk ek gjrf olqa+

:9


23/44

]raakw qa

Wna `jchrewu hd ekwarteayaa .4= !% jiraag wnjw nqkweki well hbbqr ek ]jljq+ 77 ! hd ra}hkgakw jegwnjw gqihki yj well ajwak ek wnaer Rwjwa, jlwnhqin 72 ! jeg ew yj khw+ Hka-wnerg jeg gqihki yj ajwakla wnjk hkba j uajr, ynelw wna ra`jekgar ijta kh ra}hka+ Wnara yj `qbn ralqbwjkba wh gebq wnaeqa hd nqkweki bh`}jrag yewn }ratehq ekwarteay ._jwnoqk aw jl+, :5>>, @jrn aw jl+, :55?%, `hw

lefalu gqa wh kay laieljwehk }jag ek ?==? wh ekbraja }akjlwea dhr felleki gqihki drh` ':== wh '1,===-:=,===+ Hka-wnerg hd wna àk jeg wnjw bjlta yara wna }radarrag wjriaw hd nqkweki jkg àwnhg qag wh fellgqihki ekblqgag }ajr .74 !%, }ajriqk .:9 !%, ohjw .:: !% jkg(hr gukjèwa .5 !%+ Ew yj ekwaraweki whkhwa wnjw wna `jchrewu hd àk zqawehkag .97 !% dalw wnjw gqihki yara kh lhkiar j tjlqjola }jrw hd]jljqjk bqlwqra+

]jw qa jkg bqlwqrjl eikedebjkba

9= ! hd ra}hkgakw jeg wnjw orjbalaw yara `jga ek wnaer Rwjwa drh` gqihki tarwaorja ek wna }jw jkg 9=! oaleatag wne kh lhkiar hbbqrrag+ @hw wjwag wnjw gqihki njg oaak ajwak la wnjk hkba j uajr ek wna}jw+ Wnara yj j irajw geddarakba ek jkyar }arwjekeki wh ynh bhqlg bjwbn gqihki jkg ajw ew ek wna }jw+91! hd wna àk jeg jkuhka bhqlg nqkw gqihki ek wna }jw jkg johqw njld jeg wnjw wna àjw bhqlg oa

ajwak ou jkuhka, ynaraj j zqjrwar jeg wnjw ew bhqlg khw+ Wna }arehg hd weà ek zqawehk yj khw }abedeagek wna ekwarteay, h wnara `ju njta oaak tjrejwehk ek wna ekwar}rawjwehk hd }jw, yewn hà ra}hkgakwwjlfeki johqw wna gewjkw }jw .1=-:== uajr jih% jkg hwnar gabreoeki wna `hra rabakw }jw .:=-?= uajrjih%+ 4= ! jeg wnjw gqihki yj ajwak jw jku weà yewn hklu 7 ! bljeèki ew yj ajwak hklu jw }abejlhbbjehk+ Ek wne bja, wna }jw `ju njta oaak ekwar}rawag ou wna ra}hkgakw j `hra rabakw wnjkekwakgag ou wna zqawehkkjera hr fkhylagia hd }jw bara`hkejl wrjgewehk nj oaak lhw+

Bh`}jrehk yewn }jw ekwarteay

_a}hrwag gajwn

Gqa wh wna whqinar laieljwehk }arwjekeki wh }hjbneki hd gqihki jkg wna bhkbqrrakw ralqbwjkba wh wjlfjohqw nqkweki eqa, ew e geddebqlw wh gawarèka j}}rh~e`jwa kqòar hd gqihki wnjw jra oaeki nqkwag

jkkqjllu ek ]jljq+ Nhyatar, ew j}}ajr wnjw }hjbneki bhkwekqa ga}ewa wna kay ljy jkg wnara j}}ajr whoa qoezqewhq }radarakba dhr wna àjw hd bjlta+ Gqreki j wnraa `hkwn }arehg, oawyaak Gabaòar ?==?jkg @jrbn ?==2, wnara yara wnraa ra}hrwag gajwn hd gqihki .}ar+ ho+%, wyh hd ynebn yara dhqkgdlhjweki blha wh Fhrhr, j cqtakela `jla ynebn `ju njta oaak new ou j ohjw jkg j `jwqra da`jla wnjw `junjta oaak fellag ou a~}lheta+ Ek wna ljwwar bja, ew e lefalu wnjw j bjld jkg(hr jkhwnar da`jla yara wjfakou wna }hjbnar+ Ohwn hd wnaa jke`jl yara daageki ynak wnau geag jkg ew e lefalu wnjw wnau yara fellagjw keinw+ Wna wnerg jke`jl yj fellag ek @alafahf ou j }hjbnar jkg wna àjw drhsak dhr nhàbhkq`}wehk+ Wnara yj jk jggewehkjl rq`hrag felleki hd j bjld ek Fhrhr htar wna Bnrew`j }arehg, ?==?+Wne `jfa j }heola gajwn whll hd dhqr gqihki yewnek j wnraa `hkwn }arehg+

Ekwarteay ek :5>2 dhbqag hk nqkweki àwnhg jkg awe`jwa hd gqihki fellag }ar uajr ._jwnoqk aw jl+,:5>>%+ Jw lajw atak gqihki njg oaak fellag ek :5>? jkg atarjl ek :5>2+ Ek :55:, gqihki yara well

oaeki }hjbnag raiqljrlu yewn dhqr wh atak gqihki nqkweki waj`, bhkeweki hd jw lajw wyh àk,h}arjweki hqw hd Fhrhr+ Hka ekdhr`jkw awe`jwag :: gqihki njg oaak fellag oawyaak :55= jkg :55: hddwna yaw bhjw hd Ojoalgjho+ Ew aaàg drh` wna ekwarteay wnjw gqihki nqkweki yj bjrreag hqwgaleoarjnhà drhd }hjbn a ajw hd da`jla jkg cqtakela gqihki+ Ek :55:,@jrn aw jl+.:55?3>>% khwag wnjw V]jljqjkP j}}rabejwa gqihki j }jrw hd wnaer djqkj jkg kjwqrjlnarewjia+ Ew aa` wh oa wna bja wnjw `hw yhàk jkg bnelgrak barwjeklu bjra johqw wna dqwqra hd wna

walu rjwnar wnjk h}}hrwqkewebjllu jkg weàg wh howjek àjw dhr }abejl hbbjehk+ Ew yj hdwakhsak jkg artag wh iqaw yewnhqw wnaer fkhylagia .j yhàk jkg bnelgrak qqjllu gej}}rhtageki%+ Nqkwar jdderàg wnjw wnau }radarrag wn

:>


24/44

gqihki ek ]jljq .}ar+ ho%, oqw wna `jchrewu hd denaràk ekwarteayag ek ?==2 yara aewnar ekgeddarakwyjrg gqihki hr kh lhkiar bhkegarag wnaa jke`jl tjlqjola wh ]jljqjk bqlwqra .@jwwnay, ?==2%+

lra

+

njkia ek oanjtehr

w denaràk bhkgqbwag ou Bh``qkewu Bakwarag Bhkartjwehk .B2%?==? jkg ?==2, ew j}}ajr wnjw gqihki jra khy nqkwag h}}hrwqkewebjllu rjwnar wnjk galeoarjwalu,

a

arejl

k Rhbeawu nj gatalh}ag j ra}hrweki uwa` dhr lhbjl einweki hd gqihki+ Reinwekiqwag

a

f wh

whCayalru

Ek :55:, lhbjllu-`jga cayallaru bjrtag drh` gqihki reo yj dhqkg jw dhqr whra ek Fhrhr+ Ou :554, jldhr` hd cayalru `jga drh` gqihki ohka njg oaak bhkdebjwag drh` whra ek Fhrhr jkg wh gjwa, wna

njta oaak kh dqrwnar ra}hrw hd qbn jla+ .F+ Bnek, }ar+ bh``+, ?==2%+ Yewn wna ekwrhgqbwehk hd kaylaieljwehk dhr wna }rhwabwehk hd gqihki ek ?==?, hykar hd gqihki orjbalaw jra razqerag wh raiewar wnaer}eaba yewn wna Oqrajq hd @jreka _ahqrba jkg jku qkraiewarag ewa` yell oa bhkdebjwag jdwar j barwjekgjwa+ _aiewrjwehk yj gqa wh oaiek ek ljwa ?==2, nhyatar, ou èg-?==7 wne njg khw oaak bh`}lawag

B

Drh` jggewehkjl ekwarteay yewn aeinek}heolu gqa wh wna kay laieljwehk jbweki j j gawarrakw+ ]hjbnar hdwak nega j najtu }ajr qag dhrfelleki gqihki ek wnaer ohjw ynak wnau ih hqw jw keinw wh nqkw dhr wqrwla, cqw ek bja wnau bhà jbrhgqihki daageki ek wna ajirj oag+ Wna ljriaw irhq} hd gqihki aak ou ra}hkgakw yj j irhq} hdatak jkg wne yj lag ou j ljria ekgetegqjl .}heolu j `jweki narg%+ _a}hkgakw njg khwebag j bnjki

ek njoewjw qa ou gqihki drh` wna èg wh ljwa-:55=+ Rhà ekgetegqjl jke`jl qag wh oa }ragebwjola ekwnaer `htaàkw, hdwak aak hk bhkabqweta gju jkg `hkwn ek j }jrwebqljr jraj, oqw gqa wh ohjw wrjddebjkg }heolu nqkweki }raqra, wnau jra kh lhkiar aak jw wnaa }abedeb lhbjwehk+ Wnraa ekdhr`jkwàkwehkag wnjw gqihki lefa wh daag hk uhjg hr dlhjweki ajirja, jkg wne nj oaak bhkderàg hddKiagarrjf wnrhqin hoartjwehk gqreki j kqòar hd dleinw .wnaa hoartjwehk yara khw gqreki wna jqrtau% .Gjte jkg Agyjrg, qk}qolenag gjwj, ?==2%+

Ekbegakwjl Reinweki Ruwa`

]jljq Bhkartjwehbjrg njta oaak gewreoqwag wh jll geta nh} jkg Rwjwa hddeba ek ]jljq drh` ynara wnau yell oa gewreowh wna iakarjl }qoleb+ Wnaa bjrg bjk oa rawqrkag wh wna gewreoqweki hqwlaw hr ]BR hk bh`}lawehk jkg wn

ekdhr`jwehk yell oa akwarag ekwh j bakwrjl gjwjoja jw wna hddeba hd wna ljwwar+ J hd èg-?==7, wnara njtaoaak hà ra}hrwag einwekiwnraa ra}hrw, whwjleki aeinw gqihki`hw njta oaak bjllag ek, khwra}hrwag hk wna dhr`+ Wna ra}hrweki dhr` e bqrrakwlu oaeki rateayag jkg rateag ek leinw hd daagojbgjwa+ @hra addhrw yell oa razqerag wh akqra wnjw wna ralatjkw jiakbea, wna }qoleb jkg whqr h}arjwhr jraoawwar ekdhràg hd wna einweki uwa`+

Oalhy e j bh}u hd wna bqrrakw ekbegakwjl ra}hrweki bjrg+

:5


25/44

_a}hrwag einweki

]rehr wh wna awjolenàkw hd wna ]BR-ojag ekbegakwjl einweki uwa`, jk ekdhr`jl ekbegakwjl ra}hrwekiqkewu Bakwarag Bhkartjwehk .B2% ek Cqlu ?==?, yewn }jrwebe}jwehk drh`

eta nh}, raajrbnar jkg ekgetegqjl+ @hw einweki yara ra}hrwag ek Cqlu-Ra}waòar jkg jlh ekn,

w wna oeh`j `ju jlh }ajf gqreki wna yawwar `hkwn hd Cqlu-a}waòar+

7+ RAJI_JRR RQ_TAUR

Wne abwehk q``jresa wna raqlw hd wna ajirj qrtau qkgarwjfak ou wna ]jljq Ekwarkjwehkjl Bhrjl_aad Bakwar .Ege}, ?==2%+

7+: Hocabweta

Wna bhkwrjbwhr, ]jljq Ekwarkjwehkjl Bhrjl _aad Bakwar .]EB_B%, yj jfag wh3

:+ Qa j rjkia hd hqrbaqbn j3 }jw jarejl }nhwhirj}n, jku jtjeljola ra`hwa akeki e`jia,wna }jw gewreoqwehk }jwwark hd gqihki einweki .bhòekeki jll }ratehq jarejl qrtau%, jkglhbjl fkhylagiawh egakwedu }hwakwejl jraj hd gqihki daageki njoewjw, wnjw e, ajirj oag yewnj}}rh}rejwa }abea+

uwa` yj awjolenag Bh``gCjkqjru, yewn day einweki ek wna ekware` `hkwn+ Wna hqwn-yaw yekg jra wrhki ek wna dhràr `hkwynebn `ju jbbhqkw dhr `hra gqihki oaeki aak ek wna nalwarag jraj blha wh wna _hbf Eljkg gqrekiwnaa hkwn+

Jrjihka .:557% khwa wnjw ek ]jljyjk .]nele}}eka% `hra gqihki yara einwag gqreki wna q`àr.@jrbn-J}rel% jkg yaw ajhk `hkwn .@ju-Cqka% hd :5>5+ Wne bhekbega yewn wna oe`hgjl oeh`j}ajfeki hd ajirja ek wna ]nele}}eka .Dhrwa, :5>7%+ Kh wqgea njta uaw oaak bhkgqbwag hk oeh`jdlqbwqjwehk hd ajirj oag ek ]jljq, oqR

?=


26/44

?:

?+ Jdwar egakwedueki lefalu jraj hd gqihki daageki njoewjw, bhkgqbw a~waketa irhqkg-wrqwneki ou

khrfaleki jkg(hr geteki wnaa jraj wh gawarèka wna a~wakw .yewn I]R% hd wna ajirj oag jkgwna ojeb }abea bh`}hewehk+ Wna raqlw yara wh oa `j}}ag dhr ekbhr}hrjwehk ekwh ]jljqkjwehkjl IER uwa`+

2+ ]ra}jra j ra}hrw ghbqàkweki wna àwnhg qag, raqlw jkg rabh`àkgag dqwqra raajrbn jkg`hkewhreki kaag+ Ekblqga `j} hd wna egakwedeag ajirj oag .ek njrg jkg geiewjl dhr`jw IER

ljuar ek JrbTeay dhr`jw%+

7+? @awnhg

Rwqgu Rewa

Dhqr qrtau ewa yara egakwedeag, ojag hk gqihki gewreoqwehk hoartag gqreki jll wna jarejl qrtauqkgarwjfak wh gjwa, ekdhr`jwehk drh` ]BR ekwarteay ek ?==2, jkg ou qeki ra`hwalu akag e`jia+

Wna alabwag qrtau ewa yara Kiagarrjf raad .Fhrhr%, Kiaafajq .Fhrhr%, Ofql Hàlhbnal .Jerje%,%

jkg wna ajirj oag wrawbneki drh` Kijrg`jq .Owjhjw raad% wh wna Hllae ghbf ek Kiarbnalhki+ .Deiqra 5%+

Deiqra 53 Rajirj qrtau ewa


27/44

]raleèkjru qrtau

Wna alwna jraj aradjerlu e ` }hekw yara bnhak jkg wna I]R bhhrgekjwa yara khwag+ Jw ajbn

kgh` }hekw j getar yj` jrhqkg dhr johqw deta hr wak èkqwa jkg khwag ghyk hoartjwehk qbn j

ohwawe`jwayj wna ewehk jkg kqòar hd wrjkabw jw wna ewa jkg jlh yj qag ek wnaljedebjwehk hd ajirj ajghy+

`jiaru qag

na e`jia qag dhr wna qrtau yara EFHKHR e`jiaru+ EFHKHR e j jwallewa-ojag }ljwdhr` h}arjwaga+

awar ynela wna }jkbnrh`jweb ojkg hddar j rahlqwehk hd : àwar+ Wna e`jia yara wjfak ou wna jwallewa

Ynak }rhtegag, wna e`jia yara jlrajgu hrwnh-rabwedeag jkg }rhcabwag qeki wna Qketarjl Wrjk @arbjwhr.QW@% àwnhg yewn YIR>7 gjwq`+ Wnaradhra, }ra}rhbaeki hd wna e`jia yj taru leèwag+ Wna hklu}rhbaeki kaagag yj wh qoaw wna e`jia hd wna alabwag ewa jkg wna bhktarehk hd wna bhhrgekjwauwa` drh` QW@ YIR>7 wh Ljw(Lhki YIR>7+

Wrjkabw

Wnara jra j tjreawu hd wabnkezqa jkg àwnhg wnjw bjk oa qag dhr irhqkg-wrqwneki+ Wna wabnkezqa geddarjbbhrgeki wh wna lhbjlewu dajwqra, ga}wn jkg `j}}eki hocabweta+ Dhr wne qrtau ew yj gabegag wnjw jbhòekjwehk hd wrjkabw jkg }hekw dhr wna njllhy jraj .1 àwar hr la% yhqlg oa qag jkg I]R

wrjbfeki dhr gaa}ar shka .irajwar wnjk 4 àwar%+

J whwjl hd e~ wrjkabw yara qag hk Kiagarrjf raad+ Wnaa wrjkabw rjk drh` ajw wh yaw jbrh wnaakwera a~wakw hd wna raad yewn jk j}}rh~e`jwa gewjkba hd 2== ` oawyaak ajbn+ Gaa}-yjwar qrtau yarajlh bhkgqbwag qeki RBQOJ jkg I]R wrjbfeki jlhki wna ekkar bnjkkal jkg jlhki wna ajwark jkgyawark akg hd wna raad dljw .Deiqra :=%+

abwag ewa yara teewag jkg }raleèkjru qrtau yara ghka wh gawarèka wna htarjll bh`}hewehk hd+ Wnaa qrtau yara taru zqebf zqjlewjweta qrtau+ Wna wabnkezqa ekthltag ek wna qrtau y`}la+ Jw wna ewa, rjkgh

rj

wh` bnjrjbwar, teeoelewu jkg wna joakba hr }raakba hd ajirj+ Ed wnara yj ajirj }raakw, wnag joqkgjkba jkg }abea yj rabhrgag+ Wna ekdhr`jwehk bhllabwag jlhki yewn wna jwallewa e`jiaru

k qag ljwar wh gawarèka wna }hbE

Wou R}jba E`jieki Ekb+ wnjw bj}wqra geiewjl e`jia ek dhqr }abwrjl ojkg j yall j }jkbnrh`jweb e`jiWna dhqr }abwrjl ojkg jra _ag, Iraak, Olqa jkg Kajr Ekdrjrag+ _ahlqwehk dhr wna }abwrjl ojkg e 7èk Khtaòar hd ?===+ @jeklu oabjqa hd wnaer jtjeljoelewu jkg wnaer nein rahlqwehk, EFHKHR e`jiaru

yj qag dhr wne qrtau+

??


28/44

Deiqra :=3 Wrjkabw qrtauag hk Kiagarrjf _aad+ _ag leka ekgebjwa njllhy yjwar-wrjkabYnewa leka ra}raakw gaa}-yjwar qrtau leka+

w+

nerwaak wrjkabw yara qag jw Kiaafajq raad+ Ratak wrjkabw hk wna khrwnark akg hd wna ajirj oaga

w Ofql rj Hàlhbnal j whwjl hd :? wrjkabw yara qag+ Jll wrjkabw rjk }jrjllal wh ajbn hwnar jkg rjk ekj khrwn(hqwn gerabwehk+ Gewjkba oawyaak wrjkabw yara j}}rh~e`jwalu 2== àwar+ Hka gaa}-yjwarqrtau yj bhkgqbwag jlhki wna yawark akg hd wna raad jkg jkhwnar yj bhkgqbwag jlhki wna ajwark akg.Deiqra ::%+

Wrjk ek jk ajw(yaw gerabwehk+ Wna hwnar e~ wrjkabw rjk ek j khrwn(hqwn gerabwehk+ Gewjkba oawyaak wnwrjkabw yj jijek j}}rh~e`jwalu 2== àwar+ Hka gaa}-yjwar qrtau yj bhkgqbwag jlhki wna yawarkohrgar hd wna raad .Deiqra ::%+

J

?2


29/44

Deiqra ::3 Wrjkabw dhr _ag leka ekgebjwa njllhyyjwar wrjkabw

J whwjl hd 2: wrjkabw yar jjrg jkg Kijrbnalhki .Deiqra :?%+Gqa wh wna a~wakw hd wna ajirj oag wrjkabw ajbn hwnar, oawyaak 1==àwar jkg :,=== àwar a ojrrear raad+ Gaa}-yjwarqrtau yara ghka jw wnraa ewa+

Deiqra :?3 Wrjkabw dhr Kijrg`jq(Kijrjjrg(Kiarbnalhki raad dljw+ _ag leka ekgebjwanjllhy yjwar wrjkabw+ Ynewa leka ra}raakw gaa}-yjwar qrtau leka

Kiaafajq raad jkg Ofql rj Hàlhbnal+

+ Ynewa leka ra}raakw gaa}-yjwar qrtau leka

a qag dhr wna qrtau ek Kijrg`jq, Kijryara }ljbag dqrwnar j}jrw drh`

j}jrw+ @hw wrjkabw rjk drh` wna bhjw hqw whyjrg wn

?7


30/44

Irhqkg-wrqwneki

]rehr wh wna jbwqjl dealg qrtau wna I]R bhhrgekjwa hd ajbn wrjkabw akg }hekw yj khwag+ Q}hk rajbnekiwna ewa, wna wrjkabw yara lhbjwag ou dekgeki aewnar akg}hekw ou I]R hr ou qeki ljkg radarakba+ Rwh}yara `jga j}}rh~e`jwalu ataru :== àwar jlhki wna wrjkabw+ Jw ajbn wh} wna I]R yj rabhrgag jkg j

getar yhqlg akwar wna yjwar wh khwa wna }raakba hr joakba hd ajirj+ Ed wnara yj ajirj }raakw, wnagetar yhqlg gawarèka wna }abea bh`}hewehk ou }ljbeki wnraa rjkgh` =+?1`? zqjgrjw ek wna jraj+ Wneekdhr`jwehk jlhki yewn qowrjwa gabre}wehk jkg ga}wn yara rabhrgag hkwh wna gjwj naaw+ Ed kh ajirjyj }raakw wna getar yhqlg khwa wne jlhki yewn qowrjwa bh`}hewehk+

Wna gaa}-yjwar qrtau yara e eljr wh wna wrjkabw qrtau ek hà bja+ Qeki RBQOJ, wna getaryj` jlhki j }ragawarèkag bhqra ynela wna ohjw lhylu dhllhyag+ Q}hk rajbneki j ajirj oag wnagetar ralajag j dlhjw wh wna qrdjba, eikjleki wh wna }ah}la hk wna ohjw wh rabhrg wna I]R bhhrgekjwa+Wna getar wnak dhllhyag wna agia hd wna ajirj oag, `jfeki qra wh ralaja wna dlhjw ataru 1= àwar hrh wh iaw I]R bhhrgekjwa+ Wna getar rabhrgag ajirj bh`}hewehk, ajirj }arbakw bhtar, qowrjwa,jkg ga}wn jw ajbn eikjleki ekwartjl+

IER @j}}eki

Ekewejllu

rbTea h wna ra}abweta ewa e`jia+ Jll

Teay yewn ekdhr`jwehk johqw ajirj bh`}hewehk jkg wna a~wakw hdwna ajirj jraj jwwjbnag+

7+2 _aqlw

Gadekewehk hd j Rajirj Oag

Ynak `j}}eki ajirj njoewjw ew e e`}hrwjkw wh egakwedu ynjw e bhkegarag j ajirj àjghy jkgynawnar wna a~wakw hd wna ajirj oag bhkew hd hklu gaka jraj hr ekblqga }jwbnu bhkwekqhqaiàkw+ Dhr wne qrtau, wna a~wakw hd wna ajirj oag ekblqga jll }hrwehk hd wna bhkwekqhq ajirjoag+

Bljedebjwehk

Wna bljedebjwehk bnaà dhr jll wna ewa jra ojag hk }abea bh`}hewehk+ Yewn wna qa hd wna irhqkg-wrqwneki gjwj jkg wna EFHKHR e`jiaru ew yj }heola wh bljedu }hrwehk hd wna akwera ajirj oag ou

ajirj }abea bhòekjwehk+ Wna }abea bhòekjwehk blja yara ewa ga}akgakw, wnaradhra ajbn ewanj j geddarakw bljedebjwehk bnaà+

Kiagarrjf _aad

Deiqra :2 nhy wna raqlw hd wna Kiagarrjf raad qrtau+ Wna ajirj gewreoqwehk hk Kiagarrjf raad edjerlu bh`}la~+ Yewn wna `j}}eki bjla qag, wna gawarèkjwehk hd }abea bh``qkewu yj khw }heola~ba}w dhr j day jraj+ Wnaradhra, `hw hd wna raad dljw yj bljedeag j j ekila jraj bh`}reag hd

Aknjlq jbhrhega,Wnjljej na`}rebnee, Bu`hghbaj rhwqkgjwj, Bu`hghbaj arrqljwj, Njlh}nelj htjle,

, jll gjwj yj akwarag ekwh j @R A~bal gjwjoja jkg }rhbaag+ Wna gjwj yj wnak wrjkdarrag wh

y ynara ew yj bhktarwag wh }hekw nj}a dela jkg ljuarag hkwJe`jia jkg nj}a dela yara }rhcabwag qeki Ljw(Lhki YIR>7+

Wna ohqkgjrea dhr wna ajirj njoewjw yara gawarèkag qeki gjwj drh` wna dealg qrtau ek bhkcqkbwehkyewn EFHKHR e`jiaru hd wna ewa jkg iakarjl ajirj bnjrjbwareweb+ Wna ohqkgjrea yara grjyk

`jkqjllu j }hluihk ljuar ek Jrb

a

?1


31/44

Rurekih wnaraad, bh , yj bljedeag ekwhkhwnar irhq}+ Wna khrwnajwark akg ka~w wh Kial bnjkkal yj jlh bljedeag ekwh j a}jrjwa irhq}

rhega,W+ na`}rebnee jkg N+ htjle+

a qrtau raqlw hd Ofql rj Hàlhbnal+ R}abea getarewu yj lhy jw wne ewa ekhwnar qrtauag ewa, bhkeweki hd hklu deta }abea, ynebn jraA+ jbhrhega,W+

geq` ehawedhleq`, jkgNjlhgqla qkekarte+ J esajola ajirj oag jw wna hqwnyawark we} hdkeweki hdW+ na`}rebnee, B+ rhwqkgjwj, B+ arrqljwj jkg R+ ehawedhleq`

jbhkeweki hdA+ jbhWna gaa}-yjwar qrtau hd Kiagarrjf raad yj wna hklu hka wnjw }rhgqbag }heweta raqlw+ Qeki wna

raqlw hd wne qrtau, bhòekag yewn hà hd wna wrjkabw gjwj, ew yj }heola wh awe`jwa wna ohqkgjreadhr wna gaa}ar yjwar jraj, ynebn yj bljedeag ekwh j a}jrjwa irhq}+ Wna ajirj }abea ek wne irhq}jraA+ jbhrhega,W+ na`}rebnee, B+ rhwqkgjwj, B+ arrqljwj, jkg N+ htjle+

Wna whwjl ajirj bhtarjia dhr wna ewa e j}}rh~e`jwalu ?4= nabwjra hr ?+4 f`? +

Deiqra :23 Kiagarrjf _aad oag bljedeag ou }abea bhòekjwehk+

Ofql rj Hàlhbnal

Deiqra :7 nhy wnh`}jrehk wh wnab

na`}rebnee, B+ rhwqkgjwj, B+ arrqljwj, jkg N+ htjle+

?4


32/44

Wna khrwnajwark a~wakw hd wna qrtauag jraj bhkew hd j gaka ajirj oag bhkwjekekiA+ jbrhegana`}rebnee, B+ rhwqkgjwj, jkg B+ arrqljwj+ Rajirj gewreoqwehk jlhki wna raad agia yj }jwbnu jkgbhkewag hd hklu wyh ajirja,A+ jbhrhega jkg W+ na`}rebnee+ Wna jkgu raiehk ek wna èggla hd wnaajirj oag bhkewag hd deta ajirj }abea oqw gewreoqwehk yj taru }jwbnu ek `hw }jrw+ Gqa weèljr }abea bh`}hewehk, wna bljedebjwehk qag dhr wne raiehk yj jlh qag dhr wna gaka ajirjoag lhbjwag blha wh Hàlhbnal Eljkg+

,W+

h wna

wna

Deiqra :73 Ofql rj Hàlhbnal ajirj oag bljedeag ou }abea bhòekjwehk+

% Kia

raqlw hd wna qrtau jw Kiaafajq raad+ Wna gaka ajirj oag ka~w whbnaleqki .hqwnyawark a~wakw hd `j}% yj bljedeag j hka blj+ Wna gaka oag bhkew hd atak

}abea hd ajirj jkg wnau jraA+ jbhrhega, W+ na`}rebnee, B+ rhwqkgjwj, B+ arrqljwj, N+ htjle, R+

Wna whwjl awe`jwag ajirj jraj yj ?75+1 nabwjra hr ?+1 f`? +Kh ajirj oag yara einwag gqrekigaa}-yjwar qrtau+

.2 afajq _aad .Fhrhr%

eiqra :1 ge}lju wnaDQ

?9


33/44

ehawedhleq , jkgN+ qkekarte+ Wna jkgu jraj wh wna ajw yj bljedeag j j a}jrjwa irhq}+ Wneyj ghèkjwag ou W+ na`}rebnee oqw geg jlh bhkwjekA+ jbhrhega, B+ rhwqkgjwj, jkg N+ htjle+ Wnakhrwnark a~wakw hd wna ajirj oag bhkewag `hwlu hd

jraj

A+ jbhrhega jkg W+ na`}rebnee, yewn B+ rhwqkgjwj,+ arrqljwj hbbqrreki ek j day jraj

Deiqra :13 Kiaafajq _aad .Fhrhr% ajirj oag bljedeag ou }abea bhòekjwehk+

Kijrg`jq(Kijrjjrg(Kiarbnalhki

Deiqra :4 ge}lju wna raqlw hd wna Kijrg`jq(Kijrjjrg(Kiarbnalhki ajirj qrtau+ Wna ewa yjbljedeag ekwh := geddarakw irhq}+ J whwjl hd :491 nabwjra hr :4+91 f`? hd ajirj yj awe`jwag dhrwna ewa+

J a~}a }abeabhrgag ek wna ekkar raiehk hd dljw ka~w wh `jkirhta+ Ek wna hqwnark a~wakw hd wna `j}}ag jraj, yaw

hd wna kay Kiara`lakiqe ghbf, ajirj bh`}hewehk e bh`}reag hdAknjlq jbhrhega, Wnjljej

B

Kh ajirj oag yara akbhqkwarag gqreki wna gaa}-yjwar qrtau+

Wna whwjl a~wakw hd wne ajirj oag e awe`jwag wh oa ?15+7 nabwjra hr ?+15 f`?+

bwagAknjlq jbhrhega, yewn ew nein whlarjkba dhr `qg jkg ageàkw, yj wna hklu ra

?>


34/44

na`}rebnee, Bu`hghbaj rhwqkgjwj jkg Bu`hghbaj arrqljwj+ A+ jbhrhega e wna ghèkjkw }abea ka~wwna `jkirhta oqw e atakwqjllu wjfak htar ou W+ na`}rebnee , B+ rhwqkgjwj ynebn dhr` j wnebf gaka

ba yjj

ra

bea

wna Hllae ghbf wh wna Kijrjjrg ghbf e bh`}reag hd hklu 2 }abead ajirj+ Wna wnraa }abea jraA+ jbhrhega, W+ na`}rebnee, jkgN+ htjle+ Wna ajirj }abea dhqkg

hwqkgjwj, B+ arrqljwj, N+ htjle, R+

hawedhleq , jkgN+ qkekarte+

qreki wna Gaa}-yjwar qrtau kh ajirj oag yara egakwedeag+

Deiqra :43 Kijrg`jq(Kijrjjrg(Kiarbnalhki ajirj oag bljedeag ou }abea

whoag ek wna èggla hd wna Owjhw raad dljw+ B+ arrqljwj yj jlh dhqkg ek wna gaka oag oqw joqkgjkdjerlu lhy+ Hqwega hd wna gaka ajirj oag jll dhqr ajirj }abea yara well dhqkg oqw gewreoqwehk y`hgarjwa wh }jwbnu+ Hk wna ajwark ega hd wna kay Kiara`lakiqe ghbf, ajirj bh`}hewehk yj `hgetara+ R}abea dhqkg ekblqgag3A+ jbhrhega,W+ na`}rebnee, B+ rhwqkgjwj, B+ arrqljwj, N+ htjle, R+

ehawedhleq , jkgN+ qkekarte+ @hteki ajwyjrg whyjrg wna Kijrjjrg ghbf wnara yj j grh} ek }agetarewu drh` 9 }abea wh 1 }abea+ Yewn wna a~ba}wehk hd j }abea-rebn }hrwehk wh wna yaw hd wna Hllaeghbf, wna ajirj oag a~wakgeki drh`hek wna }abea-rebn }hrwehk ekblqga A+ jbhrhega, W+ na`}rebnee, B+ re

G

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7+7 Jggewehkjl Ekdhr`jwehk

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Wna e~ }ratehq jarejl qrtau gh khw }rhtega ekdhr`jwehk hk }heola bnjkia ek }h}qljwehk kqòarhtar weà+ Wna djbw wnjw wna kqòar hd jke`jl bhqkwag }ar qkew dleinw weà nj khw bnjkiag grjwebjlluhtar wna }jw ?1 uajr gha khw kabajrelu àjk wnjw gqihki kqòar jra wjola+ Wna }rhojoelewu hdgawabweki bnjkia e ga}akgakw hk wna geddarakba oawyaak wna awe`jwa j yall j wna tjrejoelewu ek wna gjwjjkg j`}leki gaeik .Bjqinlau jkg Iqkk, :554%, jkg hoartar a~}areakba+ J }h}qljwehk oabhà`jllar, wna }rabeehk hd awe`jwa gabraja jkg wna lefalenhhg hd gawabweki j bnjkia ek esa jlh gableka.Wjulhr jkg Iarhgawwa, :552%+ J a~}ljekag ek Jwwjbnàkw :, ew e khw dajeola wh qkgarwjfa jarejl qrtauj wna }re`jru àwnhg dhr `hkewhreki gqihki wjwq+Nhyatar, jarejl qrtau bjk jlh }rhtegaekdhr`jwehk hk wna }arbakwjia hd bhy-bjld }jer hoartag, ynebn e e`}hrwjkw ek j `jll }h}qljwehk hdjke`jl wh akqra wnjw ra}rhgqbwehk e well hbbqrreki qbbadqllu+ Bh`}jreki wna raljweta kqòar hdeinweki oawyaak qrtau, ynela ew gha khw ekgebjwa }h}qljwehk wjwq, nhqlg wnara oa j eikedebjkw

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qkgarwj_abh``

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Wna `jchr wnrajw wh wna qrtetjl hd ]jljq gqihki, j ek }ratehq uajr, e }hjbneki+ Jlwnhqin wnaekwrhgqbwehk hd j kay gqihki }rhwabwehk ljy yewn weddar }akjlwea .rjeag drh` ':== wh '1,===-'?=,===%`ju njta gawarrag `jku }hjbnar drh` bhkwekqeki wh fell gqihki, ekbrajag qrtaelljkba jkgakdhrbaàkw e kaagag jw ohwn wna kjwehkjl jkg wna wjwa latal+9 Agqbjwehk jkg jyjraka johqw wnawnrajw wh gqihki jkg ajirj oag kaag wh oa }rh`hwag wnrhqinhqw wna bhqkwru+ Jlwnhqin wnara j}}ajrwh oa tjw jraj hd ajirj oag ek ]jljq njllhy bhjwjl yjwar, ekbrajag gragieki jbwetewea raljwag whbhkwrqbwehka}abejllu gqa wh wna bhkwrqbwehk hd wna Bh`}jbw _hjg jrhqkg wna eljkg hd Ojoalgjho,jkg wna abhkgjru rhjg bhkkabweki wh ewjra }heki wnrajw wh wnaer najlwn+ Ew e tewjl wnjw bh``qkeweajkg wnaer lajgar jra ekdhràg hd wna e`}hrwjkba hd wnaa kajrnhra ajirj oag wh wna qwakjkba hd khwhklu gqihki jkg wqrwla, oqw wna e`}hrwjkw qoewakba jkg bh`àrbejl }abea hd den jkg ektarwaorjwa+Wnara njta oaak bhkbark thebag bhqkwru-yega johqw }arbaetag gableka ek `jreka ektarwaorjwa ynebn

yara hkba }lakwedql ek kajrnhra ajirj oag .]BR ekwarteay dhr wna Kjwehkjl Oehgetarewu Rwrjwaiu jkgJbwehk ]ljk, qk}qolenag ekdhr`jwehk, ?==2%+ Dqrwnar raajrbn hk ajirj oag nhqlg dhbq hk wnae`}jbw hd gragieki jkg wna e`}jbw hd ageàkwjwehk hk wna najlwn hd wna ajirj oag jkg wna den jkgektarwaorjwa }h}qljwehk wnjw wnau q}}hrw+ Ek wne yju, wna kaag dhr }rhwabwehk hd ajirj oag drh`jkwnrh}hiakeb jbwetewea bjk oa }raakwag wh lhbjl bh``qkewea jkg nh}adqllu akbhqrjia wnaer lajgar whe`}laàkw laieljwehk wh }rhwabw wnaa tewjl njoewjw+ Wna dqwqra dhr ]jljq gqihki raw akweralu yewn wna}ah}la hd ]jljq jkg wna bnheba wnjw wnau `jfa bhkbarkeki wnaer bhjwjl akterhkàkw ek wna bhèkigabjga+ Atak ed }hjbneki e arjgebjwag whgju, wne `jll }h}qljwehk e well tqlkarjola wh a~wekbwehk+ Ewgyekgleki kqòar jkg jhbejwag lh hd iakaweb tjrejwehk, `jfa ew atak `hra qba}weola wh gabe`jwehkwnrhqin akterhkàkwjl jkg ga`hirj}neb whbnjwebewu+

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fa wna qrtau wnjw gha khw wjfa jyju drh` hwnar gqihki bhkartjwehk }rehrewea .aaakgjwehk%+

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4+ _ABH@@AKGJWEHKR

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Wnrhqin j rayjrg uwa`, àòar hd wna }qoleb nhqlg oa hddarag bjn rayjrg dhr ra}hrwekinqkweki hr }haehk hd gqihki, wnjw lajg wh j bhktebwehk+ Bqrrakwlu, _]]L Kh+ 4-?> dhr gqihki

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Community Centred Conservation (C3) Dugongs in Palau

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