Community-based Rangeland and Livestock Management … QPR 8.pdf · Community-based Rangeland and...

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Quarter 8 Progress Report

Namibia

Community-based Rangeland and Livestock Management

Sub-Activity

December 2011 - February 2012

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Community-based Rangeland and Livestock Management Sub-Activity

commissioned by the Millennium Challenge Account Namibia

with funding from the Millennium Challenge Corporation

Progress Report for Quarter 8

1 Executive Summary ..................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 5 1.2 Project Status: Components and Activities undertaken in Quarter 8 ........................ 5

1.2.1 Activities achieved ........................................................................................................... 5 1.2.2 Planned Activities not achieved ....................................................................................... 7

1.3 Project Risks ........................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Monitoring Indicators ............................................................................................... 8 1.5 Changes to the Project ............................................................................................ 9 1.6 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 9

2 Detailed Status Report ................................................................................................10 2.1 Objectives for the Quarter ......................................................................................10 2.2 Project Schedule ....................................................................................................11 2.3 Staff Time Allocation ..............................................................................................12 2.4 Quarter 8 Activity Plan and Achievements against Targets ....................................16

2.4.1 Activities at Project Level ............................................................................................... 16 2.4.2 Activities at GA Level ..................................................................................................... 21

3 Implementation Highlights .........................................................................................22 3.1 Focus on Demonstration Areas ..............................................................................22 3.2 Water Infrastructure Development ..........................................................................27 3.3 Planned Grazing ....................................................................................................29 3.4 Marketing ...............................................................................................................29 3.5 Livestock Management and the Bull Scheme .........................................................30 3.6 Application of Field Materials and Publicity .............................................................31 3.7 Project Staffing .......................................................................................................32

4 Monitoring and Evaluation .........................................................................................33 4.1 Indicator Tracking Table .........................................................................................33 4.2 Evaluation ..............................................................................................................34

4.2.1 Household Income and Cattle Assessment Surveys .................................................... 34 4.2.2 Rangeland Monitoring ................................................................................................... 35

5 Activities Planned for Quarter 9 .................................................................................36 5.1 Project and Regional Level Activity Plans for Q9 ....................................................36 5.2 Demonstration GA Activity Plans for Q9 .................................................................38

6 Project Changes ..........................................................................................................46

7 Recommendations ......................................................................................................46

Appendix 1: GA activities implemented against activity plans .......................................47

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Abbreviations

CALLC Enhancing Institutional and Human Resource Capacity through Local Level Coordination of Integrated Rangeland Management and Support

CBNRM Community Based Natural Resource Management

CBOs Community Based Organisations

CBRLM Community Based Rangeland and Livestock Management

CDC Constituency Development Committees

CDM Community Development Manager

CLB Communal Land Board

CLS Communal Land Support

CPP Namibia Country Pilot Partnership

DART Division of Agricultural Research& Training, MAWF

DEES Directorate of Extension and Engineering Services, MAWF

DWSSC Directorate of Water Supply and Sanitation Coordination, MAWF

DVS Directorate of Veterinary Services, MAWF

FAs Farmers Associations

FF Field Facilitators

GAs Grazing Areas

GEF Global Environment Fund

GIS Geographical Information System

ILHM Improved livestock health and marketing, MCA-N component under Livestock theme

IRDNC Integrated Rural Development and Nature Conservation

ISLM Integrated Sustainable Land Management

LLM Local Level Monitoring

LMEF Livestock Marketing Efficiency Fund

LTO Lead Training Officer

MAWF Ministry of Agriculture, Water & Forestry

MCA - N Millennium Challenge Account - Namibia

MIS Management Information System

MLR Ministry of Lands and Resettlement

NAU National Agricultural Union

NED North East Division (of DEES)

NCA Northern Communal Areas

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NCCA North Central Communal Areas

NCD North Central Division (of DEES)

NECFU Namibia Emerging Commercial Farmers Union

NNRDP Northern Namibia Rural Development Project

NOLIDEP Northern Livestock Development Project

RC Regional Council

RFM Regional Field Manager

RIAs Rangeland Intervention Areas

RISE Rural People’s Institute for Social Empowerment

RME Rangeland Management Expert

SARDEP Sustainable Animal and Range Development Programme

TA Traditional Authorities

UNAM University of Namibia

VCF Veterinary Cordon Fence

W&VG Women and vulnerable groups

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1 Executive Summary 1.1 Overview

In Q8 mobilisation work continued in the nine second phase RIAs. The project is now working with 55 grazing area communities across all working group RIAs. Good progress has been made in water infrastructure development. Two key developments took place that will enhance the successful implementation of this sub activity. The first was the appointment and orientation of a Water Infrastructure Expert to the team to assist with water infrastructure procurement and supervision. This is a critical addition to the team and will enable the Rangeland expert to regain focus on rangeland issues while still being involved in the water provision process. Secondly a committee was established comprising of MAWF, GOPA and MCA to oversee the implementation of the Water Infrastructure Needs Assessment Report developed in the previous quarter. This committee has had three meetings and a high level of co-operation has been experienced, with in excess of 6 million N$ being committed to CBRLM priorities by the MAWF. The procurement process for 17 CBRLM priority oreholes in Kunene, Omusati, Ohangwena and Kavango is well underway. Also the installation contract for upgrading 10 water points in Kavango has been awarded. 1.2 Project Status: Components and Activities undertaken in Quarter 8

At grazing area level the main activity undertaken was the mobilisation of GAs in the nine phase 2 RIAs. Out of the 55 active GAs, 14 are in phase 2 RIAs. In support of GA implementation, the main activities undertaken by the experts have been as follows, with percent of expert days excluding office work and administration (36%) given in brackets:

- In field support to FFs and GAs (21)% - Procurement of water infrastructure materials and services (18%) - Travel (15%) - Support to livestock marketing, especially with organisation of auctions (10%)

1.2.1 Activities achieved

The components planned and undertaken in the quarter are indicated in table 1 below, together with the main activities related to each component. The numbering of the activities uses the framework adopted in Chapter 10 of the GOPA proposal. An additional numbering series has been introduced in relation to activities undertaken at the GA level. These are grouped by GA under the component letter G. The four digit number following the letter G identifies the number of the RIA (first two digits) and the number of the GA within a RIA (second two digits).

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Table 1: Project components and activities performed in Quarter 8 A2 Stakeholder liaison and communications

A2.11 Feedback reporting on GA progress to regional level stakeholders

A2.11.1 quarterly reporting to RC, TAs, IMF, MAWF - Kunene

A2.11.2 quarterly reporting to RC, TAs, IMF, MAWF - North Central

A2.11.3 quarterly reporting to RC, TAs, IMF, MAWF - Kavango

A2.12 Liaison with MCC and sister projects

A2.12.1 host visits and have meetings MCC, MCA-N, projects

A5 Information system and data collection plan

A5.1 Design MIS for tracking activity plans and progress

A5.1.2 development of database structure on internet platform

A8 Recruitment of field facilitators and training of field staff

A8.1 Advertise and recruit prospective field facilitators

A8.1.3 additional FF for Oshana/Oshikoto

A8.5 Assessment of FFs' facilitation and technical skills

A8.5.1 performance monitoring leading to certificate awards in July 2012

A8.8 in field ToT events A8.8.10 herder training in King Nehale East

A8.8.13 herder training in new GAs in North Central

B1 Community

mobilization

B1.5 Planning and commitment sessions with second wave RIAs

B1.5.1 sign MoU and plan way forward for 2 of 9 2nd Phase RIAs

B2 Background data collection

B2.5 Situation analysis of livestock marketing system

B2.5.1 meet with key stakeholders in the marketing chain

B2.5.2 compile summaries of current marketing operators and their contacts

B3 Support to livestock marketing

B3.1 Support Livestock Marketing Committees and Farmers Associations

B3.1.3 work with FAs to organise regular cattle auctions in Omusati and Oshana (target demo GAs)

B3.1.6 work with FAs to organise regular cattle auctions in Ohangwena and Oshikoto (target demo GAs)

B3.1.7 work with FAs to organise regular cattle auctions in Rundu

B3.2 Livestock marketing activities to increase off-take

B3.2.6 develop system to inform small abattoirs and large butchers of market supply opportunities

B3.3 Regional livestock marketing strategy

B3.3.1 produce report outlining regional marketing strategy and activities to be implemented

C1 Spatial planning and mapping

C1.1 produce and publish GA maps

C1.1.1 collate GPS data collected by FFs for GA maps

C1.1.2 follow-up production of grazing planning maps and publication to CBRLM website

C2 Development of training materials and implementation guidelines

C2.6 Develop in field facilitation aids

C2.6.2 develop in field facilitation support materials

C2.7 develop publicity materials

C2.7.1 update CBRLM pamphlet

C2.7.2 publicity materials to support in field mobilisation

C2.7.3 generate format and text for regular radio programme on CBRLM

D1 Support capacity of communities to manage grazing areas

D1.2 develop GA Book for demo GAs

D1 .2.1 GA book contents developed for 50% of Demo GAs

D1.3 CBRLM bull scheme D1.3.1 develop policy/conditions for provision of bulls to GAs

D1.3.2 procure bulls for allocation to GAs

D2 Infrastructure needs

D2.1 water infrastructure development

D2.1.3 procure equipment and services for upgrading of EXISTING water infrastructure for GAs in first wave RIAs (fast track)

D2.1.6 design and install NEW water infrastructure in demo GAs (fast track)

F1 Evaluation and output measures

F1.2 support to household survey

F1.2.4 review data collection for project evaluation

F1.3 evaluation of impacts on rangeland

F1.3.1 assist setting up of rangeland monitoring system

F2 Monitoring indicators and reports

F2.2 Exchange visits records F2.2.3 produce quarterly exchange visit report

F2.3 Training records F2.3.2 produce quarterly training report

F2.5 Field work records F2.5.1 produce monthly field work report

F2.6 Monitor project progress F2.6.1 produce quarterly progress report

F2.7 Monitor GA progress F2.7.2 produce monthly GA progress report

F3 Community exchange visits

F3.1 Visits to be hosted in current quarter

F3.1.4 visits for GAs in North Central

G0101-G2103 Mobilisation of potential grazing areas

55 potential grazing area communities engaged in dialogue with field facilitators about combining herds and developing planned grazing and livestock development programmes

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1.2.2 Planned Activities not achieved

At the GA level implementation activities differed from the plans set in November. In many GAs FFs spent more time than planned on the livestock development component. In Kunene the plan to produce grazing maps in 4 GAs was realised, although in three of the 4 cases these were for different GAs than in the November plan. At the same time plans to collect household and livestock inventory data were mostly not achieved. Details of achievements against the plans is given in section 2.4.2 below and appendix 1. The continued mismatch between activities planned at GA level and those actually implemented is partly due to FFs responding to community demands as they come up. It has also been partly due to FFs need to accompany experts on their visits to address key issues such as water infrastructure, bull assessment, new GA mapping processes. In the next quarter plans at the GA level will be more focused as the strategy to fast track the demonstration GAs is implemented and expert support is more coordinated. As expected combined herding continues to be a stop-start affair in many GAs. Of the 34 GAs that started herding, 12 have stopped (5 in Kavango, 3 in Kunene, 3 in Omusati, 1 in Oshikoto). Reasons for stopping include watering problems, lack of herders, lack of sufficient feed and no restart of herding after cattle return from the crop fields. Due to the festive season taking out time from this quarter, a number of planned activities have been postponed to the next quarter. Herder training in the newly mobilised GAs in North Central regions and in Kavango were postponed to the next quarter. In seven of the nine second phase RIAs no progress was made on signing MOUs, but these are expected to be completed in the next quarter. Auctions planned in Ohangwena and Rundu have been postponed to the next quarter due partly to lack of commitment and partly to DVS movement restrictions. The attempt to use the DVS cattle database from the tagging exercise to supplement the CBRLM household inventory has had to be abandoned. This is due to the low coverage of the initial tagging exercise and the inaccessibility of the information in a useable way by grazing area. This reinforces the importance of FFs taking the time to collect good quality household and livestock inventory data.

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1.3 Project Risks

Risks Likelihood Impact Mitigation measures

Traditional leaders sometimes don’t cooperate despite initial positive comments

3 5 Exchange visits to Erora/Kunene helps and sometimes talks to higher authorities

Grazing area attrition due to lack of understanding of commitment involved

2 3

Intensive mobilisation of communities and high quality field staff, allow time for GAs to organise themselves, work with those who are ready

Unwillingness of behavioural change and adequate paying of herders

4 4

Intensive facilitation, target key decision makers re understanding the approach and benefits

Absentee Farmers 3 3 Target key decision makers and let them lead process, develop demonstration sites here.

Non-adequate water provision 3 3 Upgrade of existing water points and drilling of new water holes as time and budget allows

Uncontrolled Fire 4 3 Fire management strategies at all levels

Severe Bush encroachment 2 RIAs in Ohangwena are not accessible for Grazing

5 4 RIAs may have to be dropped out

Note: a scale of 1-5 has been used to assess likelihood and impact. 1 is the lowest and 5 the highest. 1.4 Monitoring Indicators

Four of the ten agreed monitoring indicators have specified targets. For the others the targets have yet to be decided.

- For the exchange visit target of 25 in 2013/14, 36% has been achieved by the end of November, 2011.

- For the target of 20 trainers certified by 2010/11, 0% has been achieved as our approach is to provide certification on the basis of proven capacity for in-field facilitation. This will be assessed in June 2012.

- For 2011/12 there is a target of 1400 participating households registered in the programme. We achieved 58% of this target at the end of February, 2012.

- For 2011/12 there is a target of 900 field staff days on site at RIAs during the previous three months. By February 2012, we achieved 75% of this target.

GOPA continues to report against the adjusted definitions of monitoring indicators, which we expect to be formalised in the next revision of the MCA-N M&E Plan.

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1.5 Changes to the Project

Two key changes have taken place in relation to the water infrastructure component. First there has been a new appointment of a Water Infrastructure Expert. This is a critical addition to the team and will enable the Rangeland expert to regain focus on rangeland issues while still being involved in the water provision process. Secondly a committee was established comprising of MAWF, GOPA and MCA to oversee the implementation of the Water Infrastructure Needs Assessment Report developed in the previous quarter. This committee has had three meetings and a high level of co-operation has been experienced, with in excess of 6 million N$ being committed to CBRLM priorities. More funds are requested for the purchase of bulls to overcome the shortage in many GAs. ............... 1.6 Conclusion

The strategy to fast track Demo GAs will be taken forward strongly in the next quarter. The idea is that early tangible benefits from CBRLM participation will be realised by Demo GAs and this will drive commitment and progress. At the same time demonstration of tangible benefits will encourage other GA communities to commit to the approach and this will make subsequent facilitation easier and faster. The introduction of an own GA fund including opening of a bank account is thought to be a critical element to help to empower communities.

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2 Detailed Status Report 2.1 Objectives for the Quarter

This report is for the eighth quarter of the project. It covers the months December 2011, January and February 2012. The main objectives of this quarter were:

- to fast track 10 priority GAs which will act as demonstration sites for other GAs in the same region

- to finalise the format of a Grazing Area Management Plan and to start developing these plans for all fast track GAs

- to finalise the development of Field Support and Publicity Material according to the new Implementation Guidelines

- to continue to support Farmers Associations organising marketing auctions and raise awareness among farmers about price structures and market demands

- to implement performance assessment for Field Staff to inform the award of certificates in June 2012

- to mobilise new GAs in 9 second phase RIAs - to plan and undertake six Community Exchange Visits for newly mobilised GAs - to conduct herder training in new GAs - to sign MoUs with second phase RIAs - to produce a report outlining a regional marketing strategy and implementation

activities - fast track installation of improvements to existing water infrastructure - fast track design and installation of new water infrastructure in collaboration with

DWSSC - assist the setting up of a rangeland monitoring system - participate in a review of data collection for project evaluation

Activity plans for the next quarter (March, April, May 2012) are detailed in section 5.1 below for project level activities and section 5.2 for12 demonstration GAs. The main objectives of the next quarter are to:

- fast track 12 demo GAs which will act as demonstration sites for other GAs in the same region

- mobilise GAs where water infrastructure improvements are planned (eg 17 sites for boreholes) to ensure planned grazing starts here.

- start compilation of Grazing Area Management Plans (GA Books) for all demo GAs - produce mapped grazing plans for 12 demo GAs - award a general materials supply contract for water infrastructure upgrading - award installation services contracts for upgrading of infrastructure and new

infrastructure - finalise the development of Field Support materials - examine options for enhanced publicity - continue to support Farmers Associations organising marketing auctions and raise

awareness among farmers about price structures and market demands - produce reports outlining regional marketing strategies and implementation activities

together with stakeholders for each region - sign MoUs with seven second phase RIAs - mobilise new GAs in 9 second phase RIAs - plan and undertake two Community Exchange Visits for newly mobilised GAs - conduct herder training in new GAs - develop a CBRLM bull scheme policy setting out conditions related to receiving bulls

by GA communities - procure bulls and allocate to demo GAs as needed and available - begin the selection of sites for rangeland evaluation

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2.2 Project Schedule

Deliverable Date Scheduled

Date Delivered

Deviation Summary

Draft inception report 09/04/10 16/04/10 + 1 week Over schedule

QPR - 1 31/05/10 31/05/10 nil To schedule

RIA Eligibility report 01/06/10 14/07/10 + 1.5 months rescheduled

Gender integration plan 30/06/10 30/06/10 nil To schedule

Final inception report 01/07/10 01/07/10 nil To schedule


Draft Training materials 30/09/10 31/10/10 + 1 month As per reschedule agreement

Data collection plan 30/09/10 30/09/10 nil To schedule

Env screening tool 30/09/10 30/09/10 nil To schedule



Implementation guidelines

30/11/10 31/05/11 + 6 months Over schedule

Household level inventory - Initial Output Report

31/07/11 15/08/11 + 2 weeks As per reschedule agreement


QPR - 6 31/08/11 07/09/11 + 1 week To schedule

Water/livestock infrastructure needs report – Initial infrastructure report

30/09/11 15/11/11 + 6 weeks As per reschedule agreement

QPR - 7 30/11/11 06/11/11 + I week To schedule

Date expected

Baseline livestock data 31/08/10 31/10/11 n/a To contractor to be determined

Household level inventory - Final Inventory Report

31/10/12 31/10/12 n/a As per reschedule agreement

Water/livestock infrastructure needs final report

30/09/12 30/09/12 n/a As per reschedule agreement

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2.3 Staff Time Allocation

Chart 1 shows the distribution of expert staff time across different project activities during Q8.

Chart 1: Expert days input by activity

The major non administration activities this quarter were:

- In field support to FFs and GAs - Procurement of water infrastructure materials and services - Travel - Support to livestock marketing, especially with organisation of auction

Chart 2 indicates the distribution of field staff days by level for which the work was done for November and December, 2011 and January, 2012 broken down by:

- Project level - Regional level - RIAs, and - individual GAs (demonstration GAs are indicated in red)

Field staff input over the last 3 months at RIA and GA level amounted to 673 days across all regions.

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Chart 2: Distribution of field staff days (November, December 2011 and January 2012)

2.4 Quarter 8 Activity Plan and Achievements against Targets

2.4.1 Activities at Project Level

=achieved as planned or largely as planned

x=not achieved or substantially less than planned

Ach to end Q7

Dec 2011

Jan 2012

Feb 2012 comments

PLAN PLAN PLAN

A2 Stakeholder liaison and communications

A2.11 Feedback reporting on GA progress to regional level stakeholders

A2.11.1 quarterly reporting to RC, TAs, IMF, MAWF - Kunene

% Kunene ongoing 100

Progress briefing meetings held with RC, TAs, DEES. Marketing strategy meetings with DEES and other stakeholders

A2.11.2 quarterly reporting to RC, TAs, IMF, MAWF - North Central

% North Central

ongoing 100

A2.11.3 quarterly reporting to RC, TAs, IMF, MAWF - Kavango

% Kavango ongoing 100

A2.12 Liaison with MCC and sister projects

A2.12.1 host visits and have meetings MCC, MCA-N, projects

%

ongoing 100 Meetings held with CLS on joint working. Gender workshop

A5 Information system and data collection plan

A5.1 Design MIS for tracking activity plans and progress

A5.1.2 development of database structure on internet platform

%

95 5

A5.2 Data collection plan for monitoring indicators

A5.2.2 review and amend data collection plan according to DQR team proposals

%

70 10x Awaiting decision on amended monitoring indicators

A8 Recruitment of field facilitators and training of field staff

A8.1 Advertise and recruit prospective field facilitators

A8.1.3 additional FF for Oshana/Oshikoto %

0 100

A8.5 Assessment of FFs' facilitation and technical skills

A8.5.1 performance monitoring leading to certificate awards in July 2012

%

45 10

A8.8 in field ToT events

A8.8.10 herder training in King Nehale East % King Nehale 0 100 Transferred to Onkumbula

A8.8.12 herder training in new GAs in Kunene

% Kunene 0 20x 20x Postponed to Q9

A8.8.13 herder training in new GAs in North Central

% 0 20 20

New herders trained in 1314, 1302,0706,0708,0804

A8.8.14 herder training in Kaguni % Kavango 0 20x 20x Postponed to Q9

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Ach to end Q7

Dec 2011

Jan 2012

Feb 2012 comments

B1 Community mobilization

B1.5 Planning and commitment sessions with second wave RIAs

B1.5.1 sign MoU and plan way forward for selection of GAs - Ombazu

% Ombazu 0 100x No progress

B1.5.2 sign MoU and plan way forward for selection of GAs - Otjindjerese

% Otjindjerese 0 100x No progress

B1.5.3 sign MoU and plan way forward for selection of GAs - Otjombande

% Otjombande 0 100x No progress

B1.5.4 sign MoU and plan way forward for selection of GAs - Ogandjera

% Ogandjera 0 100 Completed

B1.5.5 sign MoU and plan way forward for selection of GAs - Ombudiya

% Ombudiya 0 50 Completed

B1.5.6 sign MoU and plan way forward for selection of GAs - Onkumbula

% Onkumbula 0 100x No progress

B1.5.7 sign MoU and plan way forward for selection of GAs - Kaguni West

% Kaguni West 0 100x No progress

B1.5.8 sign MoU and plan way forward for selection of GAs - Satotwa

% Satotwa 0 100x No progress

B1.5.9 sign MoU and plan way forward for selection of GAs - KampingaKmwalye E

% Kampinga K 0 100x No progress

B2 Background data collection

B2.5 Situation analysis of livestock marketing system

B2.5.1 meet with key stakeholders in the marketing chain

% 95 5

B2.5.2 compile summaries of current marketing operators and their contacts

% 40 10

To be included in marketing strategy in Q9

B2.6 Access DVS livestock database

B2.6.1 Obtain DVS cattle data for Uulugaluga GA to compare with CBRLM inventory data

% 0 100x

Abandoned: database not accessible and only 60 tagged to date

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Ach to end Q7

Dec 2011

Jan 2012

Feb 2012 comments

B3 Support to livestock marketing

B3.1 Support Livestock Marketing Committees and Farmers Associations

B3.1.3 work with FAs to organise regular cattle auctions in Omusati and Oshana (target demo GAs)

#auctions North Central 5 1x 2

B3.1.6 work with FAs to organise regular cattle auctions in Ohangwena and Oshikoto (target demo GAs)

#auctions North Central 1 1x 1x Postponed to next Q

B3.1.7 work with FAs to organise regular cattle auctions in Kunene (target demo GAs)

#auctions Kunene 2 1x 2 DEES organised auctions held

B3.2 Livestock marketing activities aimed at increasing offtake

B3.2.6 develop system to inform small abbatoirs and large butchers of market supply opportunities

% 0 20

Contacts informed about auctions through SMS

B3.2.7 promote supply of cattle to meat traders in Rundu (develop identified town site, mobilise farmers and traders to use it)

% 0 20x

No progress on town site. 1 auction in February

B3.3 Regional livestock marketing strategy to increase offtake

B3.3.1 produce report outlining regional marketing strategy and activities to be implemented

%

0 50x 50 Some progress made. To be finalised in Q9

C1 Spatial planning and mapping

C1.1 produce and publish GA maps

C1.1.1 collate GPS data collected by FFs for GA maps

#maps

0 20

GA boundaries and water points demarked for: Kunene – 12 GAs Omusati – 15 GAs Ohangwena – 3 GAs Kavango – 2 GAs

C1.1.2 follow-up production of grazing planning maps and publication to CBRLM website

#maps 0 10 6 grazing plans mapped

C2 Development of training materials and implementation guidelines

C2.6 Develop in field facilitation aids

C2.6.2 develop in field facilitation support materials

% 50 40

C2.7 develop publicity materials

C2.7.1 update CBRLM pamphlet % 50 50 Completed

C2.7.2 publicity materials to support in field mobilisation

% 40 40x

Film remake, NBC screening. Dance and performance to be explored further in Q9

C2.7.3 generate format and text for regular radio programme on CBRLM

% 75 25

2 episodes broadcast in NC, 1 in Kavango. Kunene being developed

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Ach to end Q7

Dec 2011

Jan 2012

Feb 2012 comments

D1 Support capacity of communities to manage grazing areas

D1.1 develop management plan format

D1.1.1 convene meeting of the CBRLM technical working group (DEES, DVS, DRWS led by GOPA)

% ongoing 100x No meeting held

D1.1.2 develop viable management plan format and modus operandi

% 50 50x

No feedback received from committee on management plan

D1.2 develop GA Book/management plans for demo GAs

D1.2.1 develop GA book for 2 demo GAs in Kunene

% Kunene 0 10x 10 Omisema data being compiled

D1.2.2 develop GA book for 4 demo GAs in Omusati and Oshana

% North Central 0 10x 10 Start made with Okathakompo

D1.2.3 develop GA book for 2 demo GAs in Ohangwena

% Ohangwena 0 10x 10 Nghishongwa grazing plan inserted

D1.2.4 develop GA book for 1 demo GA in Oshikoto

% Oshikoto 0 10x 10x Pending GA establishment

D1.2.5 develop GA book for 2 demo GAs in Kavango

% Kavango 0 10 10

D1.3 CBRLM bull scheme

D1.3.1 develop policy/conditions for provision of bulls to GAs

% 0 100x Postponed to Q9

D1.3.2 procure bulls for allocation to GAs #bulls 13

D2 Infrastructure needs

D2.1 water infrastructure development

D2.1.3 procure equipment and services for upgrading of EXISTING water infrastructure for GAs in first wave RIAs (fast track)

%

60 20 20 Agra delivered new troughs. Installation tender awarded to upgrade 10 GAs inKavango

D2.1.6 design and install NEW water infrastructure in demo GAs (fast track)

% 0 10 10 2 boreholes drilled in Omusati

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Ach to end Q7

Dec 2011

Jan 2012

Feb 2012 comments

F1 Evaluation and output measures

F1.2 support to household survey

F1.2.4 review data collection for project evaluation

% ongoing 100

Income survey reviewed, comments provided. Evaluation options tabled

F1.3 evaluation of impacts on rangeland

F1.3.1 assist setting up of rangeland monitoring system

% 50 50x Monitoring plots to be identified Q9

F2 Monitoring indicators and reports

F2.2 Exchange visits records

F2.2.3 produce quarterly exchange visit report

% ongoing 100

F2.3 Training records

F2.3.2 produce quarterly training report % ongoing 100

F2.5 Field work records

F2.5.1 produce monthly field work report % ongoing 33 33 33

Reports produced, distributed and posted to web site

F2.6 Monitor project progress

F2.6.1 produce quarterly progress report % ongoing 100

F2.7 Monitor GA progress

F2.7.2 produce monthly GA progress report % ongoing 33 33 33

Reports produced, distributed and posted to web site

F3 Community exchange visits

F3.1 Visits to be hosted in current quarter

F3.1.4 visits for GAs in North Central #visits North Central 5 1 GA 1501 to GA1314 in February

F3.1.5 visits for GAs in Kunene #visits Kunene 2 1x

F3.1.6 visits for GAs in Kavango #visits Kavango 1 1x

2.4.2 Activities at GA Level

Details of the implementation activities undertaken in each GA are shown in Appendix 1 for December2011 and January 2012. The implementation steps actually achieved in each month in each GA are shown against the implementation steps planned for each month in each GA.

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3 Implementation Highlights 3.1 Focus on Demonstration Areas

CBRLM already took a decision during its management meeting in November 2011 to focus implementation in the first half of 2012 on a number of demonstration GAs. The reasons for this approach are:

- Facilitators have to be trained in the entire range of implementation steps for all components. For some steps the detailed methodologies have yet to be developed. Training will be on-the-job under the lead of the experts. It is evident that this training and implementation refinement has first to be tested in some locations.

- Roll-out of the full implementation will be much easier and faster once field staff gained the experience in the demo sites and the approach details are familiar to them.

- Lastly exchange visit are a central element within CBRLM to demonstrate to farmers and stakeholders the success of the project. It is more economical and also a better show case to have our own demonstration sites in the vicinity instead of taking them always to Erora/Kunene.

The idea is that early tangible benefits from CBRLM participation will be realised by Demo GAs and this will drive commitment and progress. At the same time demonstration of tangible benefits will encourage other GA communities to commit to the approach and this will make subsequent facilitation easier and faster. The management meeting in February 2012 have adjusted the selection of Demo GAs. There are now three demo sites in each of our main regions Kunene, Omusati and Kavango, plus two in Ohangwena and one in Oshikoto (see map below). The main selection criteria for a demo site were:

i) commitment and cohesion of the community ii) the possibility to implement the full project scope, and iii) accessibility

Not all selected demo sites can meet all criteria, however the decision was taken jointly discussing all pro and cons of the debated GAs. The demo site for Oshana region was dropped due to very poor accessibility and low household numbers. King Nehale was dropped as a demo site as non-cohesiveness of communities makes any progress very difficult. Currently activities in King Nehale are on hold. Table 3 below summarises preliminary collected information on the 12 Demo GAs. The total estimated household number is 291 making it an average of 24 households per demo grazing area. The total estimated cattle number is about 6200 with an average of over 500 per demo GA (higher cattle numbers in Kunene and Omusati). In all 12 demo areas existing water infrastructure has to be improved from which seven sites need a new borehole with full installations. All but 2 sites have access to a marketing kraal. In the rainy season accessibility into many demo sites is a problem.

Table 3: CBRLM DEMO GAs

DEMO SITES/ RIA

GPS Coordinates

Household No GA Committee GA Fund

Grazing Plan

Livestock Management

Water Infrastructure

Marketing

Remarks

0302 Omisema / Ehirovipuka / Kunene

S:1915.118 E:01414.011

40? yes no

yes Min 1000 cattle

Upgrade WP New borehole(Etapati)

Otjokavare Auction kraal (Meatco) 30 km away

200 km from Opuwo (3h), last 50 km difficult access.

0502 Ohengaipuire / Otjindjerese / Kunene

S:1807.113 E:01414.011

20? no no

no 311 cattle Upgrade WP, pipeline from new WP to old WP Troughs Drill new borehole (Orokapanda)

Opuwo Auction kraal 50km away

New GA Need for small stock interventions Road accessibility in rainy season is limited Several potential GAs close by in RIA

0601 Otjombande / Otjombande / Kunene

S:1826.003 E:01355.998

30 yes no

no 1100 cattle (cows and calves)

Weak existing borehole Site/Drill New borehole and add installations

Opuwo 45 km Only 45 km or 50 min from

Opuwo, easy access New GA Accessibility is limited during the rainy season

0701 Onamukuku / Uukwaluudhi N Omusati

S:1801.352 E:1430.916

11 no no

no 700 cattle

New borehole drilled (installation in tender by MAWF) Upgrade existing WP

5km to Amaupa auction kraal

Accessibility is good (next to new tar road to Opuwo) King Taapopi’s cattle post Poor cohesion among farmers to make decisions

0708 Okathakompo Uukwaluudhi N Omusati

S:17.53.089 E:o14.33.070

35 yes yes

Draft 503 cattle New borehole drilled (Solar installation with elephant drinking reservoir to be constructed)

9km to Amaupa Meatco holding pen

Road accessibility is good(next to tarred road to Opuwo) More farmers to move in the GA, Good cohesion

0902 Oshihawa / OngandjeraOmusati

S:18 29.811 E:14 52.907

13 Yes no

no 800 cattle Test Pump borehole Need new borehole to be drilled

6km to Uutsathima auction kraal

Accessibility is poor during rainy season 78km to Okahao town Good cohesion

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DEMO SITES/ RIA

GPS Coordinates

Household No GA Committee GA Fund

Grazing Plan

Livestock Management

Water Infrastructure

Marketing

Remarks

1302 Kuyana / EpembeOhangwena

S:17 43.751 E:016 28 227

39 Yes yes

no 120 cattle for 7 HH trained

Deliver troughs, engine pump, and protection fence for dam. Existing borehole needs installation

2km to Epembe holding pen (Meatco)

Road accessibility is good Good cohesion Crush pen in good condition The combine herd consist of not only cattle plus 300 goats and few donkeys

1314 Nghishongwa / EpembeOhangwena

S:1744.930 E:01634.277

12 Yes no

yes 149 cattle

Needs tanks, troughs, diesel engine Upgrade Natural pen into an Earth dam

19km to Epembe holding pen (Meatco)

Good cohesion Accessibility is poor

1501 Twahangana / Onkumbula / Oshikoto

No borehole 10 Yes no

no 200 cattle Need borehole Tanks, troughs, Diesel engine

No marketing facilities

Accessibility is poor 15km from Onkumbula village The interference of livestock from neighbouring villages non-participating is very high. Lack of herders for employment

1603 Nyege / Kahenge / Kavango

S:1748.615 E:01830.530

18 Yes no

yes 552 cattle

Install tanks and troughs

15km to Auction pan (Nepara)

Good accessibility (150km from Rundu town) Crush pen in poor condition

1705 Kakekete George Mukoya / Kavango

S:1817.021 E:02048.989

31 Yes no

yes 390 cattle

Install tanks and troughs Need solar powered pump

No marketing facilities Permit days by Meatco on B10

Accessibility is poor, 21 km sandy track takes 1 h (165km from Rundu) Crush pen needed

1803 Nsindi / AmbrosiusHaingura / Kavango

S:1755.668 E:01917.392

32 Yes no

no 391 cattle

Install tanks and troughs Convert borehole to solar powered pump Replace engine,

13km to Meatco holding pen (Sivara)

Accessibility is poor, single track for 10km, but only 63km from Rundu

TOTAL 12 DEMO GAs

291 hh Av 24

10 Committees 3 GA Funds

5 6217 cattle Av. 518

all

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Table 4: Q9 TARGETS CBRLM DEMO GAs

KUNENE OMUSATI OHANGWENA - OSHIKOTO KAVANGO

0302 Omisema / Ehirovipuka

0701 Onamukuku / Uukwaluudhi N

1302 Kuyana / Epembe

1603 Nyege / Kahenge

0502 Ohengaipuire / Otjindjerese

0708 Okathakompo Uukwaluudhi N

1314 Nghishongwa / Epembe

1705 Kakekete George Mukoya

0601 Otjombande / Otjombande

0902 Oshihawa / Ongandjera

1501 Twahangana / Okumbula

1803 Nsindi / AmbrosiusHaingura

Project Activity Responsibility Schedule Remarks

Household / Livestock Inventory

Esther March Inventories are the basis for the further planning particularly for livestock management

GA Management Committee GA Fund / GA Book

Esther

May All GA committees and mechanisms for GA Funds to be in place. Every Committee have a draft GA Book in local language. Contracts with committees prepared (not necessarily signed)

Rangeland Management Plans GPS Coordinates

Colin April Grazing Plans agreed, mapped and included in GA Book GPS Coordinates for GA landmarks (water points, other) taken

Livestock Management Edmore May Reproductions assessments complete Herd restructuring plans available Basic animal husbandry started 50% of sites received bulls 25% of sites were trained in sustainable small stock management

Water Infrastructure Jorrie March May

All procurements prepared Contractors for all sites selected

Marketing Luc May Regional Marketing Strategies prepared One auction held per region involving Demo Site as far as possible Concept of “full marketing day” implemented

Visibility and Stakeholder Coordination

Wiebke Esther, Heinrich

May CBRLM regularly broadcasted on radio Theatre play on auction day Omusati Round Table started

Table 4 above shows the ambitious targets set for the next quarter to be achieved for each component in the 12 demo areas. The household and livestock inventory has a time priority and will have to be accomplished first (March), next all grazing plans should be finalised (April). The livestock component will have to advance considerably with all reproductions assessments complete and herd restructuring plans available. Some sites should receive new bulls. On the marketing component the target is to have marketing strategies prepared for each region in a stakeholder process and to hold one auction per region with involvement of the demo GAs if possible. With regard to the infrastructure component it is planned to have all procurement documents prepared and contractors selected. 3.2 Water Infrastructure Development

The timely and appropriate procurement and development of water infrastructure is particularly important for the following quarter. However, during this quarter a number of key developments took place that will enhance the successful implementation of the CBRLM sub activity. The first was the appointment and orientation of a Water Infrastructure Expert to the team to assist with water infrastructure procurement and supervision. This is a critical addition to the team and will enable the Rangeland expert to regain focus on rangeland issues while still being involved in the water provision process. Secondly a committee was established comprising of MAWF, GOPA and MCA to oversee the implementation of the Water Infrastructure Needs Assessment Report developed in the previous quarter. This committee has had three meetings and a high level of co-operation has been experienced, with in excess of 6 million N$ being committed to CBRLM priorities. This procurement process is well underway. In addition, during this reporting period the project has given increased attention to allow fast track small scale water developments to take place that enable livestock to water faster and hence enable planned grazing and herding to take place effectively. During the quarter minor upgrades were completed in 15 GAs. The necessary procurement preparations for water installations have been completed for Kavango as well as King Nehale. The contract to install tanks and troughs in 10 GAs in Kavango has been awarded by MCA and installation will be completed in the next quarter. The King Nehale pipelines have however been put on hold until commitment has been shown in this very complex area. Two boreholes were drilled in the Omusati Region in Uukwaluudhi RIA. Both boreholes were successful, have strong delivery capacity, have shallow rest water levels and hence lend themselves to solar installations. The presence of elephants here requires that reservoirs be constructed to enable elephants to drink as well. Linkages with boreholes developed by the roads authority have also been identified and these need to be developed to standard to allow CBRLM to be applied. However, the standard DWSCC trough sizes are too small and were replaced larger troughs. A request for the procurement of 70 additional larger troughs has also been submitted to MCA-N. The original idea that DWSCC as initially agreed upon could assist with the installations of tanks and troughs has proved not to be effective at this stage due to lack of availability of DWSCC staff during this quarter. Therefore installation of equipment needs to done by procuring the services of local contractors and the still missing materials. A request for the upgrade of 2 sites in Omusati has been prepared and approved and installation is expected to complete in the next quarter. Further requests for installations services in Kunene and Omusati will be made soon.

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Table 5: On-Going Fast-Track CBRLM Water Infrastructure Installations

Region / RIA /GA Items Status

KAVANGO

Kahenge

Marema (GA 1604) Two 10,000 ltr tanks and 4 troughs Material procured but installation not done

Kankudi (GA 1601) 1 tank and 2 troughs

Tank installed, troughs to be replaced

Kaakuwa (GA 1602) 3 tanks and 4 troughs

Nyege (GA 1603) 2 tanks and 4 troughs

AmbrosiusHaingura

Samasira (GA 1801) 2 tanks and 4 troughs

Materials delivered to DWSCC Contract for Installation

awarded

Nsindi (GA 1803) 2 tanks and 4 troughs

George Mukoya

Dosa (GA 1702) 1 tank and 4 troughs

Dumushi (GA 1703) 2 tanks and 4 troughs

Shambahe (GA1704) 1 tank and 4 troughs

Kakekete (GA 1705) 1 tank and 4 troughs

KUNENE

Ehirovipuka

Orozondjise (0301) 4 troughs Procured but not installed

Omisema (0302) 1 reservoir, 4 troughs Reservoir completed by IRDNC, troughs installed

Outokotorua 1 tank and 2 Troughs Procured and Installed

Orupupa

Otjamusarika (0201) 4 troughs Troughs installed

Ozongundu (202) 4 troughs

Procured but not installed OmbomboMasitu

Otjihinamaso (0102) 4 troughs

Otjihandja (0103) 4 troughs

Otjambangu

Ovivero 4 troughs Procured and installed

Omusati

Uukwaluudhi North

Onamakuku (0701) 8 troughs, Drilling of Borehole Material and services procured, preparation complete – awaiting installation

Uulugaluga (0702) 4 troughs, Drilling of Borehole

Oshalata (0703) 4 troughs

Material ordered Iipundi (0704) 1 tank, 4 troughs, 1 elephant wall

Okaulukwa

Otjekwa (0804) 6 troughs

OSHIKOTO

King Nehale

Nangolo Dhamutenya (1401) Pipeline 4 km Design and procurement letters submitted by LCE

Okalongakoohumba Pipeline 3 km

Omustsegombahe Pipeline 3 km

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3.3 Planned Grazing

This quarter focussed on identifying grazing areas in active GAs. During the quarter the total number of GAs mapped to date in Google Earth and GIS format is 46 and a further 5 mapped in Google earth only. Many of these are in draft format and require field verification. Verification will be done in the following quarter for priority GAs. During this quarter the remaining four grazing plans completed in the previous quarter were digitised and the maps returned to farmers. The total number of digitised grazing plans is now 5 (Omisema, Kavalela, Ngishongwa, Wangolo, Nyege). An additional four grazing plans were completed in this quarter (Otjomitjira, Outokotorua, Otjombande and Ohaingapuire). Grazing plans were developed in the field with farmers using Google Earth imaging. In future use will be made of an A3 portable printer to develop grazing plans and leave copies with the GAs. Until this is in place we will continue making use of high resolution aerial photographs of the GAs. A process now documented in the facilitator notes and explained in the November TOT was used. Emphasis was placed on planning the next 3 months of growing season to ensure overgrazing of grass plants does not take place. Farmers oriented themselves with the map, identified local features and planned where livestock would move for the rest of the growing season as well as the upcoming non-growing season. A number of camps were identified in each GA, with any special features related to the map. The amount of time the livestock could spend in each camp was then estimated and marked on the maps. Additional livestock have been brought into Omisema and as a result livestock are moving through the plan faster than expected. Overgrazing is occurring and this was discussed with farmers. Fast tracking the drilling and installation of an alternative water point is needed to open up the remaining GA. 3.4 Marketing

During this quarter a number of initiatives were taken by the GOPA team to work with Farmers Associations and other stakeholders to promote the holding of auctions. Table 6 below summarises these initiatives by region. Table 6: Summary of auction initiatives taken in Q8

Auctions planned with GOPA

Outcome Sales achieved

animals turnover

Kunene General meeting held

none 2 auctions held organized by DEES

unknown unknown

Omusati Good collaboration with DEES

December, Onamatanfga Held 22 N$127,600

January, Etilyasa Held 38 N$227,100

Ohangwena Planning meeting held

February, Omahuni Not held

Kavango

Planning meeting held

January, Sinzagoro Cancelled, lack of commitment

February, MatumboLibebe Postponed due to FMD movement restrictions

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Kunene A marketing stakeholders meeting was held in Opuwo to discuss marketing challenges and how to introduce and coordinate livestock auctions in the region. The meeting was attended by the Regional Councilor, members of two unions, Agra, DEES staff and NNFU. It was resolved that a test auction in Opuwo would be planned by regional stakeholders in the first quarter of 2012. Omusati In Omusati GOPA is working closely and effectively with one of the regional DEES staff. Other DEES staff are keen to organise auctions in their constituencies and a meeting was held with the CAEO to obtain a regional commitment from DEES to become involved in supporting the organization of auctions more generally in the region. It was resolved that GOPA organise a half day information session with DEES staff and regional stakeholders to share information agree the way forward for organizing auctions in the region. Ohangwena A meeting was held with Okongo Farmers Association Chairperson to discuss why the Omahuni auction facilities, which had been upgraded by CPP/CALCC had not been utilized. It was learned that local institutions such as the Mandume Farmers’ Cooperative and Okongo Kraal Committee are not active and there is little commitment from the Farmers Association. Nevertheless it was agreed that an auction would be organized with the support of GOPA in February. This has now been postponed to the next quarter. Kavango A marketing stakeholders meeting in Rundu was well attended, though the invited buyers were absent. The main purpose of the meeting was to identify a site and date for a test-run auction. Meatco was approached to avail its holding pens at the abattoir, but this was ruled out due to inadequate space. In the end Sinzagoro multipurpose kraal in Kapako constituency was selected as the venue for the test-run auction. A date was set for 12th January. However this had to be cancelled due to lack of commitment from Kavango Regional Farmers Union. A new date was set for February 25 at MatumboLibebe Quarantine kraal under the responsibility of Shakambu Farmers Association. However this has had to be postponed due to a DVS ban on livestock movement following a FMD alert occasioned by the presence of two positively tested buffalos in the vicinity. 3.5 Livestock Management and the Bull Scheme

Quarter 8 was a very busy quarter in terms of livestock intervention because the Livestock expert took advantage of the presence of many absentee farmers who were able to come to the GAs during the holiday period. This was a crucial decision and move because central to livestock CBRLM intervention is the individual and corporate decision by livestock owners. Activities that made highlights during this quarter are:

1. 13 bulls were procured by MCA-N and eight of them were distributed to three GAs in

Kavango during this quarter. The other five were distributed during quarter 7.

2. Discussing production goals with groups of farmers within the GA to gain leverage on

how to properly approach issues of herd structuring.

3. Bull to breeding female ratio assessment- done to identify bull shortages and to make

farmers understand its contribution to livestock productivity and make them realise

the need. Detailed demonstration on reading the cows in relation to their age against

their age was carried out in 10 GAs. Detailed reproduction assessment indicated that

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calving and weaning rates are generally below acceptable levels with the modal rates

being approximately 45% calving. It was also found that in general terms cows give 4

to 5 calves in their live time contrary to the optimum of 8 to 9 calves.

4. Herd structuring activities aimed at making farmers identify non-productive animals

and to realise who they can make use of these to leverage their productivity.

5. Bull fertility and breeding soundness testing was performed in 5 GAs during the

quarter under review. A total of 21 bulls were tested all with variable results.

FFs were also equipped with animal husbandry kits to enable them to assist farmers with basic animal health procedures such as dehorning, hoof cutting, blots management etc. FFs in Omusati received practical training in hoof care and castration of male animals using bloodless method. In Kavango FFs received training on herd health and vaccination management after the outbreak of Black Quarter in George Mukoya RIA in the last half of previous quarter. FFs in Kunene, Omusati and Kavango also received practical training in estimating cattle and goat ages as well as body condition scoring. The request to have bulls being addressed as an infrastructural need for improved livestock production was accepted by MCA-N who pledged to motivate for funds. CBRLM is still in the process of developing a methodology for the bull scheme which will be submitted soon. Procurement for more bulls is initialised. Herding and low stress handling of livestock. Training of Field facilitators, activators, herders and some farmers was done in Onkumbula (GA1501) and Eendenge (GA0806). The biggest challenge met was to do with water infrastructure. For example, in Eendenge animals were drinking from water fetched manually from deep wells by herders because the borehole only delivers water adequate for a third of the herd. In GA1501 there was a challenge that the community has never herded cattle in their life time, therefore to gather the cattle took long. In fact some cattle are still in the forest because of the abundance of rain water, they do not turn up at the village drinking pan. 3.6 Application of Field Materials and Publicity

Eight sets of the introductory package of the field flip chart were finally completed in December and distributed to the regional managers in December and early January. One set was also taken to the DEES office in Ongwediva where it was shown with ideas on how to use it to Mrs Vicky Naudili who was veryappreciative about it. One set is held in Windhoek by WiebkeVolkmann for possible use by MCA/MCC. All users were given until the end of February 2012 to hand in their feedback with possible suggestions for improvements. During the quarterly planning meeting on 16 February a short discussion was held and sofar the feedback was only positive, however, not all facilitators and not all regional managers have used the materials yet, because they have been busy with other field activities for which they didnot need the flip chart. During the planning meeting ideas for the next package of field flip charts were discussed and work on these will start in March. In addition theregional managers requested brochures in local vernacular. Wiebke Volkmann and Esther Lusepani also attended a physical theatre performance by OmbetjaYehinga in a village near Oshakati to assess the effectiveness of dance and theatre as a complementary learning tool to the cognitive explanations we communicate in the field.

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In addition there werediscussions about up-dating the film “Herding the Future – Knowing what a grass plant needs”. 3.7 Project Staffing

In December one field facilitator in Kunene died and one in Kavango resigned. The FF in Kunene was replaced immediately and replacement for Kavango is starting from March 1st.. An additional FF for Oshikoto/Oshana was engaged. All together the project has actually recruited 8 expert staff,19 field staff plus 2 technical advisors from IRDNC and about 15 community activators. Further there are 6 support staff.

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4 Monitoring and Evaluation 4.1 Indicator Tracking Table

The indicator tracking table is shown below. The definition of some indicators are being discussed with MCA-N M&E department. Where these indicators may change, both the current and the potentially new indicators are shown. The figures reported relate to the potentially new definitions of the indicators. Indicator Tracking Table

Notes:

1. The GOPA experts will formally assess the work of field staff over the next 8 months, after which certificates of competence in CBRLM implementation will be awarded.

2. Herding has already started in some new GAs in phase 2 RIAs. Of the 34 GAs that started

herding, 12 have stopped (5 in Kavango, 3 in Kunene, 3 in Omusati, 1 in Oshikoto). Reasons for stopping include watering problems, lack of herders, lack of feed and no restart of herding after cattle return from the crop fields.

Indicators in MCA-N M&E Plan

Indicators reported on if different

Data type

Quarter 8 indicators by month Notes

Dec Jan Feb

No. of land use plans in place No. of GA zonation plans cumulative 0 0 0

No. of land use plan violations No. of zonation plan violations

cumulative 0 0 0

No. of trainers certified cumulative 0 0 0 1

No. of days trainers on site at RIAs during the previous 3 months

level 798 757 673

No. of grazing area management implementation agreements

Number of GAs doing combined herding

cumulative 16 20 22 2

No. of participating households registered in the programme

cumulative 331 353 353

No. of certifications of completion of training

Not reported as considered unviable. Alternative yet to be agreed

N/A

No. of grazing areas that have completed a rangeland management plan

No. of GAs with a documented grazing plan and map

cumulative 5 5 5

No. of grazing areas that have completed a livestock management plan

No. of GAs with documented plans for changing herd composition

cumulative 0 0 0

No. of grazing areas that have completed a business management plan

No. of GAs with a documented combined management plan

cumulative 0 0 0

Community exchange visits

cumulative 8 8 9

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4.2 Evaluation

Although the evaluation of the CBRLM intervention is not the responsibility of the implementer, GOPA has provided support to and collaborated with the evaluation effort from the beginning of the project. In May 2010 an alternative to the randomised controlled trial evaluation was suggested by GOPA. This was based on a matching approach which would enable site selection to proceed without having to pre-determine intervention and control areas. However, it was determined that this proposal, which had implementation advantages, would not provide a sufficiently rigorous evaluation of project impacts. The subsequent process for selection of treatment and control RIAs and of “potential grazing areas” within RIAs was driven by the needs of the randomised controlled trialapproach.

4.2.1 Household Income and Cattle Assessment Surveys

Household and cattle assessment surveys were developed to measure project impacts. These used simple random samples of households in intervention and control RIAs. The sample frame comprised households in communitiesidentified in the Eligibility Report as being more likely to be willing and able to adopt the CBRLM intervention (“green villages” identified as a very preliminary best guess). The samples were the same for both surveys, with the cattle assessment survey using a sub-sample of the household sample. On 6th April, 2011 GOPA alerted MCA-N about a potential problem with the sample drawn for the household income survey (household listing). A simple comparison of the villages in the sample drawn for the survey with those included in the 11 grazing areas mobilised by then showed a mismatch. Based on an estimate of the number of households in the two sets of villages, only 11% of households to be sampled seemed to be included in the then selected intervention areas (GAs). We pointed this out in April 2011, before the survey was due to be fielded in May 2011. The response from IPA was that there was no problem, especially as the evaluation design was based on an “intention to treat” analysis. The survey was fielded as planned. In October 2011 GOPA was asked to undertake a matching exercise to compare “green” villages in the Eligibility Report with our list of current “active” GA communities. We questioned the value of an exercise taking us back to the green villages in the Eligibility Report on two counts. First the selection of green villages in the Eligibility Report was only a preliminary assessment of where the intervention could be adopted, was not based on a solid investigation and represented no more than a very early best guess. It was also undertaken in order to assess whether the target number of 1500 households were likely to be reached. Second the implementation approach for selecting working GAs is different from that used to identify “green” villages in the Eligibility Report and attempts to maximise “buy-in” from community leaders. The approach follows advice from meetings with local leaders and farmers, where agreement is reached on the best bet areas to start in. These are then screened by our staff and meetings held to see whether these areas may be mobilised or not. If communities are not agreeable then further areas are identified from further meetings, improved knowledge of the area and/or local demand. Despite these caveats, GOPA undertook the matching exercise accompanied by required explanations of why:

35

(a) aGA selected by a community is not in the list of eligible villages in the Eligibility Report, and

(b) a village listed as eligible in the Eligibility report has not been selected following our community mobilisation process.

IPA conducted a similar exercise to assess how many active GAs matched the location of “green” villages from the Eligibility Report. The estimated degree of overlap of survey with intervention areas from the two exercises was quite different. MCA-N then brought IPA and GOPAtogether. With the help of a GOPA contracted GIS expert and CBRLM field staff,an overlap assessment was made based on the location of surveyed households compared with GA locations. This resulted in an estimated 20% overlap between households listed in the sample frame and households participating in the current set of grazing areas. It is clear that the problem of overlap that GOPA already flagged in April, 2011 before the survey was fielded persists with the expanded set of active GAs. It may be possible for GOPA to improve the overlap to some extent by targeting any new or expanded GA mobilisation to areas known to contain surveyed households. There is howevera limited scope to achieve this adjustment. Without a substantial improvement in overlap, the existing evaluation survey methodology is unlikely to be able to detect any realistic impact effects in either household or cattle variables. This means that the attempt to assess area wide impacts based on the intention to treat approach probably needs to be abandoned. However it is possible that impacts on participating households could be measured, using the overlap households as the treatment group and other surveyed households as a control group. These could all be used in a propensity score matching analysis. In addition qualitative investigations of more or less intensity and coverage could be conducted to supplement the quantitative analysis and add weight to evidence on impact for both outcome and process indicators.

4.2.2 Rangeland Monitoring

A further field trip was conducted together with a MCC rangeland specialist in January 2012 to further develop, test and obtain pairs for assessing rangeland impacts of the intervention. Unfortunately the pairing process had not been completed and a provisional pairing was done were possible and the finalisation of the pairing process has been put on tender. Following this selection a contractor will be appointed to conduct the baseline survey on 6 Demo GAs in Kunene, Omusati and Kavango. Assessments of demo rangeland areas are expected to take place in May 2012 and of all sites in November 2012. These assessments will be repeated at the end of the intervention in 2014. Matching pairs will also be identified for a further 50 pairs of sites where less rigorous assessments will also be conducted.

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5 Activities Planned for Quarter 9 5.1 Project and Regional Level Activity Plans for Q9

Chart 4 indicates the activities planned for the next quarter (March, April, May 2012) at project and regional levels. Chart 4a show the percent of activity planned for quarter 9, with percentages of activities completed to date. Chart 4b shows numbers of items completed to date and the number planned for quarter 9.

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Chart 4: Project and regional level activity plans for Quarter 9 4a: Percent achieved to date and planned for Q9 No indicators – for getting planned grazing going in chart?

ongoing % achieved to end Q8 % planned for Q9

38

# achieved to end Q8 # planned for Q9

4b: Number achieved to date and planned for Q9

Note: For C1.1.1 and B1.3.2 only half the relevant numbers are indicated in the chart for presentation reasons.

5.2 Demonstration GA Activity Plans for Q9

As mentioned in section 3.1 above, the main focus of effort at GA level in Q9 will be on implementation of most of the envisaged CBRLM interventions in the demonstration GAs. The charts below show for each demo GA:

- the implementation progress achieved up to the end of January, 2012 (greyscale) - the implementation targets set for quarter 9 (red) - the remaining work to be completed in quarters 10 and 11 (blue)

The workload for the next quarter is different in each GA, as some GAs have been working with our FFs for a whole year, while others have begun involvement with the CBRLM programme only in the last few months. The number of days CBRLM field staff have been engaged with communities within each GA is indicated on the charts.

Demonstration GAs: achievements to date and target implementation for Q9

Progress to date – 2011/12 0302 OmisemaS:1915.118 E:01414.011 Target actions

80 FF days spent in the GA Q9 Q10 Q11

J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M JJA SON

1. Initial mobilization activities

2. Develop grazing plan

2.4 Produce draft grazing plan and map

3. Get planned grazing going, train herders

3.6/7 establish GA committee setup GA fund and sign agreements

4. Collection and use of hhld data

4.2 complete household registration and livestock inventory

4.3 Collect GPS coordinates for households and key physical structures

4.5-8 Livestock production goals, bull assessment and bull plan

5. Infrastructure planned and contracts awarded

6/7 Livestock production scenarios by CBRLM management

8. Livestock management plans, (calving, nutrition, vaccination, culling)

9. Marketing & business plans (GA fund, marketing strategy and links)

10. Compile GA book

Progress to date – 2011/12 0502 OhengaipuireS:1807.113 E:01414.011 Target actions



1. Initial mobilzation activities


2.3 discuss and agree on grazing plan



3.6/7 establish GA committee, setup GA fund and sign agreements


4.2 household registration and livestock inventory







10. Compile GA book

40

Progress to date – 2011/12 0601 OtjombandeS:1826.003 E:01355.998 Target actions





2.3 discuss and agree on grazing plan



3.6/7 establish GA committee and GA fund and sign agreements









10. Compile GA book

Progress to date – 2011/12 0701 OnamukukuS:1801.352 E:1430.916 Target actions









4.2 complete household registration and livestock inventory







41

10. Compile GA book

Progress to date – 2011/12 0708 OkathakompoS:1753.089 E:01433.070 Target actions





2.4 Produce grazing plan and map











10. Compile GA book

Progress to date – 2011/12 0902 OshihawaS:1829.811 E:01452.907 Target actions







3.6/7 establish GA committee establish GA fund and sign agreements









42

10. Compile GA book

Progress to date – 2011/12 1302 KuyanaS:1744.451 E:01636.932 Target actions







3.6/7 establish GA committee and sign agreements


4.2 household registration and livestock inventory to be completed for all hh





8. Livestock management plans, (calving, parasite control, culling)


10. Compile GA book

Progress to date – 2011/12 1314 NghishongwaS:1744.930 E:01634.277 Target actions







3.6/7 establish GA committee GA fund and sign agreements


4.2 household registration and livestock inventoryto be completed for all hh





8. Livestock management plans, (calving, parasite control,culling)


43

10. Compile GA book

Progress to date – 2011/12 1501 TwahanganaS:? E:? Target actions







3.6/7 establish GA committeeand sign agreements









10. Compile GA book

Progress to date – 2011/12 1603 NyegeS:1748.615 E:01830.530 Target actions







3.6/7 establish GA committee GA fundand sign agreements









44

10. Compile GA book

Progress to date – 2011/12 1705 KakeketeS:1817.021 E:02048.989 Target actions







3.6/7 establish GA committee and GA fundand sign agreements







8. Livestock management plans, (calving, parasite control,culling)


10. Compile GA book

Progress to date – 2011/12 1803 NsindiS:1755.668 E:01917.392 Target actions







3.6/7 establish GA committee and GA fundand sign agreements







8. Livestock mgmt plans, (calving, parasites, vaccinationsculling)


45

10. Compile GA book

6 Project Changes The set of demonstration GAs has been revised from an earlier set of ten. We have now defined 12 demonstration GAs (see sections 3.1 and 5.2 above). Additional complementary funds outside the project budget have been secured for water infrastructure (see section 3.2 above) and are requested for the purchase of bulls (see section 3.5 above).

7 Recommendations It will be important that the Demo GAs earmarked as regional hosts for exchange visits will be able to demonstrate tangible benefits from adopting the CBRLM innovations. For this reason it is recommended that impact assessment proposals on livestock performance and rangeland improvement should focus on these GAs. A further idea of the demo areas is also that the success of the CBRLM approach could be shown to government and other donors in order to develop a sound exit strategy for the project.

Appendix 1: GA activities implemented against activity plans

KUNENE 1 December plan January plan February plan December achieved January achieved February achieved

OmbomboMasitu Orupupa Ehirovipuka

0102 0103 0201 0202 0203 0302 0303 0304

1 Initial mobilization activities

1.1 Set up initial meeting with grazing area communities.

1.2 Hold initial meetings (ecological awareness etc)

1.3 Follow-up of meetings to establish modalities

1.4 Obtain commitment to (or rejection of) CBRLM

2 Work with communities to agree on combined grazing and herding

2.1 Plan and conduct exchange visits where appropriate.

2.2a specify needs for upgrading of EXISTING water equipment

2.2b identify herders and their job spec, open accounts

2.3 Discuss and agree on grazing plan


3 Get planned grazing going

3.1 Plan and carry out herder training

3.2 Develop schedules and rules for herding

3.3 Provide ongoing support implementation of the grazing plan.

3.4 Planned grazing stops (for reporting only)

3.5 planned grazing restarts (for reporting only)

4 Collect household and livestock data

4.1 plan registration of all participating households

4.2 Undertake household registration and concurrent livestock inventory

4.3 collect GPS coordinates for households and key physical structures.

4.4 Update grazing area map

4.5 Rank livestock production goals

4.6 Facilitate a GA learning session on livestock production

4.7 Assess bull productivity and need for additional

4.8 Document plan for replacing and/or adding bulls to the herd.

0102 Otjihinamaso 0201 Otjamusirika 0302 Omisema 0103 Otjihandja 0202 Ozongundu 0303 Outokotorua 0203 Okanandjira 0304 Palmfontein

48

KUNENE 1 Dec plan Jan plan Feb plan Dec achieved Jan achieved Feb achieved

OmbomboMasitu Orupupa Ehirovipuka

0102 0103 0201 0202 0203 0302 0303 0304

5 Zoning and infrastructue plan

5.1 formulate needs for NEW water infrastructure

5.2 Develop Grazing Area land use plan.

6 Data analysis 6.1 livestock production scenario by GOPA CBRLM management

7 Livestock production goals

7.1 Presentation and discussion of prioritized production goals

7.2 Discuss productive and un-productive animals for each production goal 7.3 Present combined GA herd composition and example of herd growth

8 Livestock management plan

8.1 Assess average body condition scores

8.2 Plann grazing for during and just after calving

8.3 Discuss options for mineral supplementation

8.4 Sustainable parasite management and links with grazing plan

8.5 Discuss and plan for compulsory and optional vaccination

8.6 Plan when and where to brand, tag, castrate and dehorn

8.7 Plan policy for treating sick and injured animals.

8.8 Record No. of animals and production to assist in selective culling

8.9 Facilitate scenario development of herd composition

8.10 Decide on and document plans for changing herd composition

9 Draft a joint marketing, wealth and business plan for the GA

9.1 Discuss the purpose and operating principles of a GA fund.

9.2 Draw up a year budget for the following possible joint expenses

9.3 Draw up calendar for joint marketing

9.4 Develop links with FAs, agents, traders, buyers to improve marketing

9.5 Agree on who has decision making authority over GA fund spending.

10 Collate 10.1 Develop one combined management plan (GA book) .

11 Body condition score

11.1 number of cattle observed this month

11.2 average score this month

0102 Otjihinamaso 0201 Otjamusirika 0302 Omisema 0103 Otjihandja 0202 Ozongundu 0303 Outokotorua 0203 Okanandjira 0304 Palmfontein

49


Mbazu Otjindjerese Otjombande

0401 0402 0501 0502 0503 0504 0505 0506 0601 0602





















4.3 Collect GPS coordinates for households and key physical structures.






0401 Omatjandja 0501 Ovivero 0504 Otjihungu 0601 Otjombande 0402 Okamue 0502 Ohengaipuire 0505 Okmuzu 0503 Ejara 0506 Otjijarua

50


Mbazu Otjindjerese Otjombande

0401 0402 0501 0502 0503 0504 0505 0506 0601 0602




6 Data analysis 6.1 livestock production scenario by GOPA CBRLM management .

























0401 Omatjandja 0501 Ovivero 0504 Otjihungu 0601 Otjombande 0402 Okamue 0502 Ohengaipuire 0505 Okmuzu 0503 Ejara 0506 Otjijarua

51

OMUSATI 1 December plan January plan February plan December achieved January achieved February achieved

Uukwaluudhi N

0701 0702 0703 0704 0705 0706 0707 0708



























0701 Onamukuku 0703 Oshalata 0705 Okambombona 0707 Okapundja 0702 Ouulugaluga 0704 Iipundi 0706 Okatukuta 0708 Okathakompo

52


Uukwaluudhi N

0701 0702 0703 0704 0705 0706 0707 0708





























0701 Onamukuku 0703 Oshalata 0705 Okambombona 0707 Okapundja 0702 Ouulugaluga 0704 Iipundi 0706 Okatukuta

53


Okaulukwa Ongandjera

0801 0802 0803 0804 0805 0806 0901 0902 0903 0904 0905



























0801 Otjovanatje 0804 Otjekua/Okekuwa 0901 OmusatiGwambala 0904 Olupmelengwa 0802 Okazandu 0805 Okomukambo 0902 Oshihawa 0905 Ongawa 0803 Omahukuzeva/Orupaka 0806 Eendenge 0903 Ethitu

54


Okaulukwa Ongandjera

0801 0802 0803 0804 0805 0806 0901 0902 0903 0904 0905





























0801 Otjovanatje 0804 Otjekua/Okekuwa 0901 OmusatiGwambala 0904 Olupmelengwa 0802 Okazandu 0805 Okomukambo 0902 Oshihawa 0905 Ongawa 0803 Omahukuzeva/Orupaka 0903 Ethitu

55

OHANGWENA 1 December plan January plan February plan December achieved January achieved February achieved

Epembe

1302 1310 1314 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 0000 0000



























1302 Kuyana 1316 Kawiiwa 1319 Onhinda 1310 Kavalela 1317 Ndakolongoshi 1320 EpumbaLondjamba 1314 Nghishongwa 1318 Wangolo

56

OHANGWENA 1 December plan January plan February plan December achieved January achieved February achieved

Epembe

1302 1310 1314 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 0000 0000

























10 Collate 10.1 Develop one combined management plan (GA book)


11.1 number of cattle observed this month 20 30

11.2 average score this month 3 3

1302 Kuyana 1316 Kawiiwa 1319 Onhinda 1310 Kavalela 1317 Ndakolongoshi 1320 EpumbaLondjamba 1314 Nghishongwa 1318 Wangolo

57

OSHIKOTO December plan January plan February plan December achieved January achieved February achieved

King Nehale Onkumbula

1401 1403 1404 1405 1501 1502 1503 1504 0000 0000



























1401 Nangolo Dhamutenya 1404 Omutsewondjamba 1501 Otananacenrtre 1504 Omunda village 1403 OkalongaKoohumba 1405 Omutsewombahe 1502 Omutsewomedi centre 1503 Onamutanga Village

58

OSHIKOTO December plan January plan February plan December achieved January achieved February achieved

King Nehale Onkumbula

1401 1403 1404 1405 1501 1502 0000 0000 0000 0000





























1401 Nangolo Dhamutenya 1404 OmutsewoNndjamba 1501 Otananacenrtre 1403 OkalongaKoohumba 1405 OmutsewoMbahe 1502 Omutsewomedi centre

59

OSHANA December plan January plan February plan December achieved January achieved February achieved

OshikuShithilonge E

1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000



























1001 Omupopo 1003 Omutshimbaapakwa 1005 Elago 1002 OlwiingaLwotsino 1004 Ovenduka

60

OSHANA December plan January plan February plan December achieved January achieved February achieved

OshikuShithilonge E

1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000





























1001 Omupopo 1003 Omutshimbaapakwa 1005 Elago 1002 OlwiingaLwotsino 1004 Ovenduka

61

KAVANGO 1 December plan January plan February plan December achieved January achieved February achieved

Kahenge George Mukoya Kaguni W

1601 1602 1603 1604 1702 1703 1704 1705 1901 1902



























1601 Kankudi 1603 Nyege 1702 Dosa 1704 Shambahe 1901 Kaguni 1602 Kaakuwa 1604 Marema 1703 Dumushi 1705 Kakekete 1902 Katope

62


Kahenge George Mukoya

1601 1602 1603 1604 1702 1703 1704 1705 1901 1902

























10 Collate 10.1 Develop one combined management plan (GA book)




1601 Kankudi 1603 Nyege 1702 Dosa 1704 Shambahe 1602 Kaakuwa 1604 Marema 1703 Dumushi 1705 Kakekete

63


Ambrosius H Satotwa KapingoKamwale

1801 1802 1803 2001 2002 2003 2004 2101 2102 2103



























1801 Samasira 2001 Satotwa 2003 Etenderera 2101 Tosa 1802 Karo 2002 Maporesa 2004 Ndjikiti 2102 Mungunda 1803 Nsindi 2103 Mungundu

64


Ambrosius H Satotwa KapingoKamwale

1801 1802 1803 2001 2002 2003 2004 2101 2102 2103










8.2 Plan grazing for during and just after calving



















1801 Samasira 2001 Satotwa 2003 Etenderera 2101 Tosa 1802 Karo 2002 Maporesa 2004 Ndjikiti 2102 Mungunda 1803 Nsindi 2103 Mungundu

Community-based Rangeland and Livestock Management … QPR 8.pdf · Community-based Rangeland and...

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