Community Based Participatory Research: A Beginner’s Guide April 2003

INTRODUCTION: The Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project Center for Research and Training in Diabetes Prevention partnered with the Aboriginal Mental Health Research Team at McGill University to offer a student, studying in the field of Aboriginal health, the opportunity to experience first hand a community based research project. The objectives of this summer position were to mentor the student as well as build research capacity by assembling a bibliography for a community researcher assistant training program. Hence, this report, Community Based Participatory Research: A Beginner’s Guide, by Séri Jacobs, BA, Community Researcher Assistant, is a starting point that compiles information of existing programs and projects that deal with the inclusion of community-based researchers with non-academic backgrounds into formal research programs. RESOURCES: COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH Programs and Organizations

• Successful Models of Community-Based Participatory Research Final Report edited by Liam R. O’Fallon, Frederick L. Tyson and Allen Dearry. This document covers the findings and proceedings of a national conference on community-based participatory research hosted by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences on March 29-31, 2000 in Washington, D.C. Full 85-page document can be found at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/dert/programs/translat/cbr-final.pdf Contained within this document are further references:

1. Dr. Barbara A. Israel. Community-Based Participatory Research: Principles,

Rationale and Policy Recommendations University of Michigan School of Public Health.

2. Israel, B. A., Schultz, A.J., Parker, E. A., and Becker, A. B. “Review of Community-Based Research: Assessing Partnership Approaches to Improve Public Health.” Annual Review of Public Health, 19: 173-202, 1998.

3. Israel, B. A. et al. “ Community-Based participatory research: Engaging communities as partners in health research..” A paper commissioned for the Community-Campus

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Partnerships for Health’s 4th Annual Conference “From Community-Campus Partnerships to Capitol Hill: A Policy Agenda for Health in the 21st Century” April 29- May 1, 2000.

• Community-Based Research in the United States: An Introductory Reconnaissance:

Executive Summary by Sclove, R.E., Scammell, M.L. and Holland, B. Full document can be found at www.loka.org/CRN/execsumm.pdf The Loka Institute (www.loka.org) is a non-profit research and advocacy organization concerned with the social, political, and environmental repercussions of research, science and technology based in Amherst, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

• The Ethics of Recruiting and Selecting Community Research Associates in a

Participatory Research Project by Marquez, L., Sinclair, J. et al. This single page double-sided document illustrates the step-by-step process of establishing community researchers within health research projects. Special acknowledgements go to the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research, Canadian Heritage, Capital Health Authority and the University of Alberta.

• First Nations and Inuit Communities. A Guide: How to do Research by Green, Paula M.

for Addictions and Community Funded Programs, Medical Services Branch, Health Canada, November 1993. This document explains research procedures written in layman’s terms for easy understanding. The guide is divided into four sections, which combine to make a clear step-by-step guide of how to do research.

• The Community Decision-Making Model for Mining Activities in the Americas.

Codevelopment Canada, Vancouver B.C. 1997. Using the working relationship between communities and companies amid mining operations in Latin America as a template, this document describes how the two groups integrate into an equal partnership, which uses community-based research as an integral point.

• Joint Policy Statement on Ethics: A First for Canadian Research Councils This two page

document was initially released on September 17th, 1998 in Ottawa. In it is an announcement of the newly released document Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans, written by Dr. Henry Friesen, President of the Medical Research Council of Canada, Dr. Tom Brzustowski, President of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Dr. Marc Renaud, President of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. This release describes the fundamentals of the larger document, including privacy and confidentiality, inclusion in research and research involving Aboriginal Peoples. In addition, please see “Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans” at http://www.nserc.ca/programs/ethics/english/policy.htm Sub section 6: “Research Involving Aboriginal People.”

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• Participatory Research: Challenges and Strategies by Nancy Gibson, Department of Human Ecology at the University of Alberta. This two page, double-sided document lists in point form, along with photo illustrations, the process of running a health project with the partnership of members of the community that the research is being focused on. Topics include challenges that face community-based research partnerships, dealing with stigma and confidentiality, maintaining consistency, dissemination and evaluation.

• Community Practice: What’s Theory Got to Do With It? An Ethnographic Report of a

Roundtable at the XI B.C. AIDS Conference in Vancouver B.C. Prepared by Francisco Ibanez-Carrasco, Ph.D. Candidate Faculty of Education, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia for the National Health Research and Development Program (NHRDP) March 1999. The author of this paper intended for it to serve as a tool to initiate further discussion and exploration of community-based research and how it (CBR) affects community-based health projects.

• Evaluation of Community Teen Sexual Abstinence Initiatives. Evaluation Workshop

November 16, 1999 Kentucky Department for Public Health provided by Joyce Beaulieu, Ph.D., MPH, Associate Research Professor of Kentucky Medical Center, Center for Health Services Management and Research & Kentucky School of Public Health (www.mc.uky.edu/chsmr) This document provides a guide on how to conduct and evaluate research that affects target demographics (in this case of this document, teens and sexual abstinence). The lessons provided here can be applied to community-based participatory health research.

• How about Evaluation: A Handbook about Project Self-Evaluation for First Nations and

Inuit Communities. Sponsored by the Department of National Health and Welfare, Medical Services Branch, Mental Health Advisory Services. Prepared by Jacqueline D. Holt, Humanité Services Planning (B.C.) Ltd. January 1993. The handbook was designed with Aboriginal-based child development and mental health programs/projects in mind. This document covers the basics of self-evaluation, assessment, peer reviews, information sources, information gathering, confidentiality, dissemination and final analysis.

• Concepts and Definitions of Community-Based Research by Dan Allman and Ted Myers, HIV Social, Behavioural and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto. This is a brief three-page overview of a presentation given by Allman and Myers to the Agenda Building Meeting on HIV Prevention Research, Prevention and Community Action Programs (PCAP) HIV/AIDS Policy, Coordination and Programs Division, Health Canada, February 1999. In it they cover community-based research, traditional research frameworks and ideals of CBR.

• Research Workbook: A Guide for initial planning of clinical, social and behavioural research projects by Michael J. Gordon, Ph.D., from The Journal of Family Practice Vol.

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7. No. 1: 145-160, 1978. The purpose of this document is to provide the researcher with a straightforward approach to each step of the research process, from selection of a research question all the way through to dissemination, interpretation and conclusions. A very handy guide for laypersons.

• A Stepwise Approach to Designing a Research Project – Small Group Facilitator’s Guide

ASPN Research Workshop, August 1990. A three-page double-sided document, this piece serves as a how-to in regards to maximizing productivity within a focus group activity. Stages within the discussions include defining areas of research interest, choosing and refining research questions, dealing with variables, literature reviews, study designs, analysis and proposal writing.

• Master of Applied Epidemiology (Indigenous Health) Report for March 2000 – April

2001 National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, May 2001. www.nceph.anu.edu.au “The Master of Applied Epidemiology (Indigenous Health) aims to strengthen Indigenous public health capacity, improve national networking and infrastructure and produce outputs in indigenous health services research and evaluation.” (pg. 13.) This report also includes Memorandum of Understanding.

• Report of the Inaugural National Gathering of Graduate Students March 2001, from The

Institute for Aboriginal Peoples’ Health (IAPH). This document covers the development of a research network made up of Aboriginal graduate students, academic researchers and the IAPH. This network was created in order to build research capacity among graduate students involved in Aboriginal health research. http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/institutes/iaph/index_e.shtml

• Aboriginal Primary Health Care in Victoria: Issues for Policy and Regional Planning

(Introduction). This document provides an overview of the problems facing Australian Aboriginal populations regarding health care, and the solutions proposed. Topics include improving communication between Aboriginal people and health care providers, developing infrastructure and resources and reducing access barriers to mainstream services. http://www.cshs.unimelb.edu.au/koori/html/publications.

• Negotiating Research Relationships: A Guide for Communities. This practical guide

looks at ways community members can have a say on and a hand in research being done in their communities. It covers legal rights, protection of individual rights, rules and ethics. It also provides an understanding of the role of research and its importance to the community at the heart of said research, and how to become actively involved in the process. Nunavut Research Institute and Inuit Tapirisat of Canada 1998. http://www.nunanet.com/~research.

• Recent Initiative: The Sioux Lookout Study presented by Dr. Roger Johnson, Regional

Medical Officer, Medical Services Branch, Ontario Region, Health Canada at the 1st

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Aboriginal HIV/AIDS Surveillance and Research Meeting – March 12th and 13th, 1996. Dr. Johnson relayed the basics of an anonymous unlinked sero-surveillance study in the Sioux Lookout Zone of Medical Services Branch of the Ontario Region. The inclusion of this study in this report has to do with the important findings related to community-based research within Aboriginal communities, which helped to underline the importance of an Aboriginal-focused process within programs dealing with major health issues that affect Aboriginal populations in Canada.

COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH Workshop Series

• University of British Columbia at Victoria Community Health Promotion Coalition Workshop series (http://web.uvic.ca/~chpc/cbrworkshop.htm). This workshop series was designed to enable individuals to further their community-based research skills. There are four components to the series, which cover, among other topics, methodologies, evaluation and writing research proposals. Email chpc@uvic.ca for information.

• International Institute for Qualitative Methodology at the University of Alberta Thinking

Qualitatively 2002 was a week-long series of workshops (on topics including but not limited to community-based research methodology). Presenters included Dr. Nancy Gibson, Chair of the Department of Human Ecology at the University of Alberta and Ginger Gibson, applied anthropologist and doctoral candidate in Mining Engineering at the University of British Columbia and Dr. Mark Chesler, Professor at the Center for Research on Social Organization, Department of Sociology at the University of Michigan. http://www.ualberta.ca/~iiqm/think2002/details.htm

• Georgetown University Center for New Designs in Learning and Scholarship half-day

TLTSI 2002 workshops Community-Based Research presented by Deanna Cooke, Assistant Director of Research, Center for Social Justice Research, Teaching and Service. http://cndls.georgetown.edu/tltsi/Thursday.htm

• Community building and community development is the focus of Community Building

Resources (CBR) in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Their website offers details on a series of workshops dealing with capacity-building, community-based research and proposal writing. The workshop include a hands-on approach combined with creative/intellectual stimulation. http://www.cbr-aimhigh.com/workshops/all_workshops.htm

• Statistics Canada Workshop Series. The following url relates to workshops offered in Quebec. http://www.statcan.ca/english/reference/Refcentre/Quebec/index.htm.

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• Nepal Participatory Action Network (NEPAN) http://www.nepan.org.np/index.html NEPAN conducts seven different thematic seminars each year, as well as regular workshops and various meetings in cooperation with likeminded organizations. Findings recommended by workshops and meetings add valuable in-depth information to NEPAN's work. E-mail nepan@mos.com.np

• 2002 GroundWork Workshops: Integrated Research and Action For

Development. These participatory research workshops are aimed at researchers working in international development or donor organizations who want to learn more about how to do and how to commission participatory and qualitative research on health, education and other related areas. http://www.groundworkers.org/Workshops.html See also http://csf.colorado.edu/forums/peace/jul01/msg00004.html for “Workshops: Practical Research and Action for Development.”

COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH Bibliography and Reference List BOOKS: Schulz, A. J., Israel, B. A., Selig, S. M., Bayer, I. S., & Griffin, C. B. “The research perspective: Development and implementation of principles for community-based research in public health.” In Bruce, T. A. and S. U. McKane (Eds.), Community-Based Public Health: A Partnership Model. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association. (2000) DeKoenig, K. and M. Martin (Eds.), Participatory research in health: Issues and experiences. London: Zed Books. (1996) Reason P. “Three Approaches to Participative Inquiry.” In Denzin, Norman K. and Yvonna S. Lincoln (Eds.) Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. (1994) Fals-Borda, Orlando and Mohammad Anisur Rahman (Eds). Action and Knowledge: Breaking the Monopology with Participatory Action-Research. New York: Apex Press. (1991) Fetterman, D., Kaftarian, S and A. Wandersman. Empowerment Evaluation: Knowledge and Tools for Self-Assessment and Accountability. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. (1996) Figert, A., Shibley, M., Nyden, P. and D. Burrows. Building Community: Social Science in Action. Pine Forge Press. (1997) Hall, Budd. Introduction. In Voices of change: Participatory research in the United States and Canada. Ed. By P. Park et al., Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey. (1993)

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Homan, M. S. Promoting community change: Making it happen in the real world. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Co. (1999) (Note: Text focuses on volunteerism in community). Landis, Judson. Sociology: Concepts and Characteristics. Eleventh Edition. Stamford, CT: Wadsworth. (2001) LeCompte, M.D., Milroy, W.L. and J. Preissle. Handbook on Qualitative Research Methods in Education. Academic Press. (1992) ISBN: 0124405703 Leedy, Paul, and Jeanne Ormrod. Practical Research: Planning and Design. Seventh Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall. (2001) Loeb, Paul. Soul of a Citizen: Living with Conviction in a Cynical Time. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin. (1999) Long, N. and A. Long. (Eds) Battlefields of Knowledge: The Interlocking of Theory and Practice in Social Research and Development. London: Routledge. (1992) MacNair, R. H. (Ed.) Research Strategies for Community Practice. New York: Haworth Press. Text includes “Development and implementation of principles for community-based research in public health.” (pp. 83-110) by Schulz, A. J., Israel, B. A., Selig, S. M., Bayer, I. S., & Griffin, C. B. (1998) Minkler, M. Community Based Participatory Research for Health. Rutgers University Press. (1997) ISBN: 0813524369 Morse, J.M., Swanson, J., and A.J. Kuzel. The Nature of Qualitative Evidence. Sage Publications, Inc. (2001) ISBN: 0761922849. Featuring “Community-based research: Negotiating agendas and evaluating outcomes” by Gibson, N., Gibson, G., and A.C. Macaulay.

Murphy, D., Scammell, M. and R. Sclove, Doing community-based research: A reader. The Loka Institute. http://www.loka.org/ Nyden, P., Figert A., and M. Shibley. (Eds.) Building Community: Social Science in Action. Thousand Oaks, CA. Sage Publications. (1997) Comstock, D. E., and Fox, R. “Participatory Research as Critical Theory: The North Bonneville, USA, experience.” In Park, P., Brydon-Miller, M., Hall, B. and T. Jackson (Eds.) Voices of Change: Participatory Research in the United States and Canada. Westport, Connecticut: Bergin and Garvey (1993) Schensul, J.J. and M.D. LeCompte. Ethnographer's Toolkit. Rowman & Littlefield. (1999) ISBN: 0761990429 Sociology Writing Group, The. A Guide to Writing Sociology Papers. Fifth Edition. New York: Worth. (2001)

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Stringer, E. Community-Based Enthnography: Breaking Traditional Boundaries of Research, Teaching, and Learning. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. (1997) ISBN: 0805822909 Stringer, E. Action Research. Sage Publications. (1999) ISBN: 0761900640 Stringer, Ernest T. Action Research: A Handbook for Practitioners. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. (1996) http://www.sagepub.com/ Tolan, P., Keys, C., Chertok, F., and L.A. Jason. Researching community psychology: Issues of theory and methods. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. (1990) ISBN: 1557982341. Whyte, William Foote (Ed.) Participatory Action Research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. (1991)

The Following Special Section was culled from resource listings found at http://depts.washington.edu/hprc/SeattlePartners/index.htm The Seattle Partners for Healthy Communities (Seattle Partners) Community Research Center (CRC). The resources listed here can also be found at http://depts.washington.edu/hprc/CRC/biblio.htm#CBRPAR

• Altman, D.G. “Sustaining interventions in community systems: On the relationship between researchers and communities.” Health Psychology, 14, 526-536. (1995)

• Brown L. and Vega W. “A protocol for community-based research.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine July -Aug. 12(4 Suppl). P 4-5. (1996)

• Davis, D.S. “Groups, Communities, and Contested Identities in Genetic Research.” The Hastings Center Report 30(6): 38. (2000)

• Dressler, W.W. Commentary on "Community Research: Partnership in Black Communities". American Journal of Preventive Medicine 9(supp), 32-34. (1993)

• Hatch, J., Moss, N., Saran, A., et al: “Community Research: Partnerships in Black Communities.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 9(suppl.): 27-31. (1993)

• Israel, B.A., Schulz, A.J., Parker, E.A., and A.B. Becker. “Review of community-based research: Assessing partnership approaches to improve public health.” Annual Review of Public Health. 19:173-202. (1998)

• Kone, A., Sullivan, M., Senturia, K., Chrisman, N., Ciske, S., and J. Krieger. “Improving Collaboration Between Researchers and Communities.” Public Health Reports Vol. 115, No’s. 2 &3, March/April & May/June (2000)

• Nyden, P.W. & Wiewel, W. “Collaborative research: harnessing the tensions between researcher and practitioner.” American Sociologist 24, 43-55. (1992)

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• Schulz, A.J., Israel, B.A., Selig, S.M., Bayer, I.S. and C.B. Griffin. “Development and implementation of principles for community-based research in public health.” In R.H. MacNair (Ed.) Research strategies for community practice (pp. 83-110). New York: Haworth Press. (1998)

• Sclove RE, Scammell ML, Holland B. Community Based Research in the United States. Amherst, MA: The Loka Institute. (1998) http://www.loka.org/

• Sullivan, M., Kone, A., Senturia, K., Chrisman, N., Ciske, S., and J. Krieger. “Researcher and Researched-Community Perspectives: Toward Bridging the Gap.” Health Education and Behavior (2000)

• Vega, W.A. “Theoretical and pragmatic implications of cultural diversity for community research.” American Journal of Community Psychology 20, 375-391. (1992)

• Wallerstein, N.M. “Power between evaluator and community: Research relationships within New Mexico's Healthier Communities.” Social Science & Medicine 49(1), 39-53. (1999)

• Weiss, H.B. and Greene, J.C. “An empowerment partnership for family support and education programs and evaluations.” Family Science Review 5, 131-149. (1992)

• Whitehead, M. “The ownership of research.” In J.K. Davies and M.P. Kelly (Eds.) Healthy cities: Research and practice (pp. 83-89). New York: Routledge. (1993)

CBR - Participatory Action Research

• Argyris, C., Putnam, R., and Smith, D.M. Action Science: Concepts, Methods and Skills for Research and Intervention. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. (1985)

• Cornwall, A. “Towards participatory practice: participatory rural appraisal (PRA) and the participatory process.” In K. deKoning and M. Martin (Eds.) Participatory Research in Health: Issues and Experiences (pp. 94-107). London: Zed Books Ltd. (1996)

• Cunningham, B. “Action research: Toward a procedural model.” Human Relations 29, 215-238. (1976)

• Chrisman, N.J., Strickland, C.J., et al. “Participatory action research with the Yakama Indian Nation”. Human Organization. (1999)

• Chrisman, N.J., Strickland, C.J., Powell, K., and M. Yallup. “Community partnership research with the Yakama Nation”. Human Organization. (1999)

• deKoning, K. and M. Martin. Participatory Research in Health: Issues and Experiences. London: Zed Books Ltd. (1996)

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• Dockery, G. “Rhetoric or reality? Participatory research in the National Health Service, UK.” In K. deKoning and M. Martin (Eds.) Participatory research in health: Issues and experiences (pp. 164-176). London: Zed Books Ltd. (1996)

• Fals-Borda, O., Rahman, M.A., (Eds.) Action and Knowledge: Breaking the Monopoly with Participatory Action Research. New York: The Apex Press. (1991)

• Flynn, B.C., Ray, D.W. and M.S. Rider. “Empowering Communities: Action research through healthy cities.” Health Education Quarterly 21(3), 395-405. (1994)

• Israel, B.A, Schurman, S.J. and M.K. Hugentobler. “Conducting action research: relationships between organization members and researchers.” Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 28, 74-101. (1992)

• Macaulay, A.C., Delormier, T., McComber, A.M., et al: “Participatory Research with Native Community of Kahnawake Creates Innovative Code of Research Ethics.” Canadian Journal of Public Health 89(2): 105-108. (1998)

• Maguire, P. “Doing participatory research: A feminist approach.” School of Education, Amherst, MA. The University of Massachusetts Press. (1987)

• McTaggart R. “Principles for participatory action research.” Adult Education Quarterly. 41:168-187. (1991)

• Petras, E.M. and D.V. Porpora. “Participatory research: Three models and an analysis.” American Sociologist 24, 107-126. (1993)

• Rains, J.W. and D.W. Ray. “Participatory action research for community health promotion.” Public Health Nursing. 12(4):256-261. (1995)

• Schwab M. “Sharing power: Participatory health research with California teens.” Social Justice. 24(3):11-32. (1997)

• Smith, S.E., Pyrch, T. and A.O. Lizadi. “Participatory action-research for health.” World Health Forum. 14:319-323. (1993)

• Whyte, W.F. (Ed.) Participatory Action Research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications; (1991)

• Whyte, W.F., Greenwood, D.J. and P. Lazes. “Participatory action research: Through practice to science in social research.” pp.19-56 in Participatory Action Research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. (1991)

Community-Based Public Health - General

• Anderson, E.T. and J. McFarlane. Community as partner: Theory and practice in nursing. Philadelphia: Lippincott. (1996)

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• Bermejo, A. and A. Bekui. “Community participation in disease control.” Social Science and Medicine. 36:1145-1150. (1993)

• Courtney, R., Ballard, E., Fauver, S., Gariota, M. and L. Holland. “The Partnership model: Working with individuals, families, and communities toward a new vision of health.” Public Health Nursing. 13(3): 177-186. (1996)

• Hancock, T. and M. Minkler. “Community Health Assessment or Healthy Community Assessment: Whose Community? Whose Health? Whose Assessment?” In: Minkler, M. (Ed.) Community Building & Community Organizing for Health. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. (1997)

• Krieger, J. and S. Ciske. “The Community as a Full Partner in Public Health Initiatives.” Washington Public Health Vol. 17, Autumn (2000)

• Schwab, M. and S.L. Syme. “On paradigms, community participation, and the future of public health.” American Journal of Public Health. 87(12): 2049-2051. (1997)

• WK Kellogg Foundation. “Community-based public health initiative.” Battle Creek, Michigan. (1992)

CBPH - Collaboratives and Coalitions

• Alter, C. and J. Hage. Organizations Working Together. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. (1993)

• Butterfoss, F.D., Goodman, R.M., and A. Wandersman. “Community coalitions for prevention and health promotion.” Health Education Research 8, 315-330. (1993)

• Chinman, M. J., Anderson, C. M., Imm, P. S., Wandersman, A., and R.M. Goodman. “The perceptions of costs and benefits of high active groups versus low active groups in community coalitions at different stages in coalition development.” Journal of Community Psychology 24(3), 263-274. (1996)

• Himmelman, A.T. Communities working collaboratively for a change. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. (1992)

• Kanter, R. M. “Collaborative advantage: The art of alliances.” Harvard Business Review July-August, 96-108. (1994)

• Kegler, M. C., Steckler, A., McLeroy, K., and S.H. Malek. “Factors that contribute to effective community health promotion coalitions: A study of 10 Project ASSIST coalitions in North Carolina.” Health Education & Behavior 25(3), 338-353. (1998)

• Lasker, R. D. and the Committee on Medicine and Public Health. Medicine & public health: The power of collaboration. Chicago: Health Administration Press. (1997)

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• Lasker R.D., Abramson D.M. and G.R. Freedman. Pocket guide to cases of medicine and public health collaboration. New York: The New York Academy of Medicine. (1998) http://www.nyam.org/pubhlth/epg

• Lasker R.D. Collaborative community health assessment: Strategies for addressing data, process and capacity issues. Report to the New York State Department of Health. (1998)

• Lasker, R.D. “Community building and public health: The power of collaborative public health strategies.” Presented at the Community Voices Networking Meeting, Tempe, Arizona. (1999)

• Mattesich, P. W. and B.R. Monsey. Collaboration: What makes it work? St. Paul, Minnesota: Amherst H. Wilder Foundation. (1992)

• Mitchell, S. and S.M. Shortell. "The Governance and Management of Effective Community Health Partnerships: A Typology for Research, Policy, and Practice." The Milbank Quarterly, Vol. 78, No. 2, 241-279. (2000)

• Weiner, B. J. and J.A. Alexander. “The challenges of governing public-private community health partnerships.” Health Care Management Review, 23, (2), 39-55. (1998)

CBPH - Community Organizing

• Alinsky S. Rules for Radicals: A Practical Primer for Realistic Radicals. New York: Vintage Books. (1989)

• Bracht, N. and N. Tsouros. “Principles and strategies of effective community participation.” Health Promotion International. 5:199-208. (1990)

• Bradshaw, C., Soifer, S., and L. Gutierrez. “Toward a hybrid model for effective organizing in communities of color.” Journal of Community Practice. 1(1): 25-41. (1994)

• Braithwaite, R.L., Bianchi, C. and S.E. Taylor. “Ethnographic approach to community organization and health empowerment.” Health Education Quarterly. 21(3): 407-416. (1994)

• Chavis, D.M., Florin, P. and M.J.R. Felix. “Nurturing Grassroots Initiatives for Community Development: The role of enabling systems.” In: Community Organization and Social Administration: Advances, Trends and Emerging Principles. Ed. Mizrahi T, Morrison J. New York: Haworth Press. (1993)

• Minkler, M. and N. Wallerstein. “Improving health through community organization and community building.” In K. Glanz, F.M. Lewis, and B.K. Rimer (Eds.) Health behavior and health education: Theory, research and practice (2nd ed.) (pp. 241-269). San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass. (1997)

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• Minkler M. (Ed.) Community Organizing and Community Building for Health. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. (1997)

• Okazawa-Rey, M. and M. Wong. “Organizing in communities of color: Addressing interethnic conflicts.” Social Justice. 24(1): 24-39. (1997)

• Pilisuk, M., McAllister, J. and J. Rothman. “Social change professionals and grassroots organizing.” In: Minkler, M. (Ed.) Community Organizing and Community Building for Health. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. Pp. 103-119. (1997)

CBPR JOURNALS/ARTICLES: Ansley, F., & Gaventa, J. "Researching for democracy and democratizing research." Change, 29, 46-53. (1997) Benson, L. & Harkavy, I. “Communal participatory action research as a strategy for improving universities and the social sciences: Penn's work with the West Philadelphia Improvement Corps as a case study.” Educational Policy, 10, 202-23. (1996) Bowes, Alison. “Evaluating an Empowering Research Strategy: Reflections on Action-Research with South Asian Women.” Sociological Research Online. Vol. 1 #1, (March 1996) http://kennedy.soc.surrey.ac.uk/socresonline/1/1/contents.html Bradbury, H. and Reason, P. Editors. Action Research Journal. The ARJ is a new, quarterly peer-reviewed journal offering a forum for participative, action-oriented inquiry. It aims to more firmly establish the legitimacy of action research in academia, and to forge links between academics and the various communities of action research practice. Coverage will include development, management, healthcare, education, social work and psychology. This journal will be available online in 2003 at http://www.sagepub.co.uk/ Go to Journals from SAGE Publications - Complete Listing and follow the instructions. Brown, L. David and Rajesh Tandon. “Ideology and political economy in inquiry: Action and participatory research.” Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 19: 277-294. (1983) Burdick, J. “Participatory Action Research Network: Social Movements and Strategies of Conflict.” http://www.maxwell.syr.edu/parc/NEWSLETTER/PARTICIPATORY.htm Busza, J. “Participatory Research and Action: Sharing challenges from Cambodia.” J. Busza works for The Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. This article can be found online at http://www.swan.ac.uk/cds/worddocs/Joanna%20Busza.doc. Cancian, Francesca M. “Conflicts Between Activist Research and Academic Success: Participatory Research and Alternative Strategies.” The American Sociologist 24:92-106. (1993)

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Cancian, Francesca M. and Cathleen Armstead. “Participatory research.” Encyclopedia of Sociology. Vol. 3, pp. 1427-32. (1992) Park, Peter, Mary Brydon-Miller, Budd Hall, and Ted Jackson (Eds.) Voices of Change: Participatory Research in the United States and Canada. Westport, Connecticut: Bergin and Garvey. Includes the text “Participatory Research as Critical Theory: The North Bonneville, USA, experience.” by Comstock, Donald E., and Russell Fox. Pp. 103-124 (1993) Corcega, T. F. “Participatory Research: Getting the community involved in health development.” International Nursing Review Vol. 39, Issue 6, pp. 185-188. (November-December 1992) Couto, R. “Participatory research: Methodology and critique.” Clinical Sociological Review, 5, 83-90. (1987) Deshler, David and Merrill Ewert. “Participatory Action Research: Traditions and Major Assumptions.” The PAR Tool Box: Part #001 Last Updated: May 25, 1995 http://www.PARnet.org/parchive/docs/deshler_95/ Fetterman, David. Collaborative, Participatory, and Empowerment Evaluation. (1997) http://www-leland.stanford.edu/~davidf/empowermentevaluation.html Freire, Paulo. “Creating Alternative Research Methods: Learning to Do it By Doing It." in Budd Hall, A. Gillette and R. Tandon (Eds.) Creating Knowledge: A Monopoly? Participatory Research in Development. New Delhi: Participatory Research Network Series 1, pp. 29-37. (1982) Gaventa, John. “Participatory Research in North America.” Convergence 21:9-28. (1998) Gaventa, John. “Toward a knowledge democracy: Viewpoints on participatory research in North America.” In Action and knowledge: Breaking the monopoly with participatory action research, Ed. By 0, Fals-Borda and M. A. Rathman, New York: Apex Press. (1991) Gaventa, John “The powerful, the powerless, and the experts: Knowledge struggles in an information age.” In Voice of change: Participatory research in the United States and Canada, Ed. By P. Park, et al., Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey. (1993) Gedicks, Al. “Activist sociology: Personal reflections.” Special Issue: Sociology and Social Action, Part I. Sociological Imagination, Volume 33. (1996) Green, L. W., M.A. George, M. Daniel, C.J. Frankish, C.P. Herbert, W.R. Bowie, and M. O'Neil, (1997). “Background on participatory research.” Pp. 53-66 in Doing community based research: A reader. The Loka Institute. http://www.loka.org/ Hall, Budd. “From margins to center? The development and purpose of participatory research.” The American Sociologist. 23:15-28. (1992)

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Hall, Budd. “Introduction.” Pp. xiii-xxii In Peter Park, Mary Brydon-Miller, Budd Hall, and Ted Jackson (eds.) Voices of Change: Participatory Research in the United States and Canada. Westport, Connecticut: Bergin and Garvey. (1993) Heaney, Thomas W. "If You Can’t Beat ‘Em, Join ‘Em: The Professionalization of Participatory Research." Pp. 41-46 In Peter Park, Mary Brydon-Miller, Budd Hall, and Ted Jackson (Eds.) Voices of Change: Participatory Research in the United States and Canada. Westport, Connecticut: Bergin and Garvey. (1993) Hecker, R. “Participatory action research as a strategy for empowering Aboriginal health workers.” Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. Vol. 21, Issue 7, pp. 784-788. (December 1997) Herbert, C. P. “Community-based research as a tool for empowerment: the Haida Gwaii Diabetes Project example.” Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 87, Issue 2, pp. 109-112. (March-April 1996) Hondagneu-Sotelo, Pierrette. “Why Advocacy Research?: Research and Activism with Immigrant Women.” The American Sociologist 24:56-68. (1993) Huizer, G. “Participatory action research and people's participation: Introduction and case studies.” http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/SUSTDEV/PPdirect/PPre0023.htm Sustainable Development Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/ Israel BA, Schulz AJ, Parker EA, Becker AB. “Review of Community-Based Research: Assessing Partnership Approaches to Improve Public Health.” Annual Review of Public Health, 19:173-202. (1998) Israel, BA, Schulz, AJ, Parker, EA, and Becker, A. “Community-Based Participatory Research: Policy Recommendations for Promoting a Partnership Approach in Health Research.” Education for Health. 14(2):182-197. (2001) Lantz, P., Viruelle-Fuentes, E., Israel, B. Softley, D., and Guzman, R. “Can Communities and Academia Work Together on Public Health Research: Evaluation Results from a Community-Based Participatory Research Partnership in Detroit.” Submitted, along with comparable articles from the Seattle and New York City URC sites, Journal Urban Health, 78 (3), 495-507. (September 2001) Ledogar, R., Garden Acosta L, Penchaszadeh. “Building International Public Health Vision Through Local Community Research: the El Puente – CIET Partnership.” American Journal of Public Health, 89 (12) 1795-97. (1999) Lynch, Jean M. “Community participation in community needs assessments.” Journal of Applied Sociology. 10:125-136. (1993)

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Macaulay, A.C., Commanda, L. E., Freeman, W.L., Nancy Gibson, N., McCabe, M.L., Robbins, C.M., and Twohig, P.L. for the North American Primary Care Research Group. “Participatory research maximises community and lay involvement.” British Medical Journal 319:774-778 (18 September 1999). http://www.bmj.com:80/cgi/reprint/319/7212/774?eaf Maclure, R. “The challenges of participatory research and its implications for funding agencies”. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy Vol. 10, pp. 1-21. (1990) Maguire, Patricia. “Challenges, Contradictions, and Celebrations: Attempting Participatory Research as a Doctoral Student.” Pp. 157-176 in Peter Park, Mary Brydon-Miller, Budd Hall, and Ted Jackson (Eds.) Voices of Change: Participatory Research in the United States and Canada. Westport, Connecticut: Bergin and Garvey. (1993) Marullo, Sam, and Bob Edwards. “From Charity to Justice: The Potential of University-Community Collaboration for Social Change.” American Behavioral Scientist, 43, 895-912. (2000) McCauley, L. A., Beltran, M., Phillips, J., Lasarev, M., and Sticker, D. “The Oregon migrant farmworker community: an evolving model for participatory research.” Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 109, Supplement 3, pp. 449-455. (June 2001) McNicoll, P. “Issues in teaching participatory action research.” Journal of Social Work Education, 35, 51-63. (1999) Merrifield, Juliet. “Putting Scientists in Their Place: Participatory Research in Environmental and Occupational Health.” Pp. 65-84 in Peter Park, Mary Brydon-Miller, Budd Hall, and Ted Jackson (Eds.) Voices of Change: Participatory Research in the United States and Canada. Westport, Connecticut: Bergin and Garvey. (1993)

Mooney, Linda A. and Bob Edwards. “Experiential Learning in Sociology: Service-learning and other community-based initiatives.” Teaching Sociology, 29, 181-194. (2001)

Narayan, D. “What is Participatory Research?” In Toward Participatory Research. Washington, D.C. World Bank. p. 17-30. (1996)

Nash, Fred. "Church-Based organizing as Participatory Research: The Northwest Community Organization and the Pilsen Resurrection Project." The American Sociologist 24:38-55. (1993) Nyden, P., Figert, A., Shibley, M., & Burrows, D. “University-community collaborative research: Adding chairs at the research table.” In P. Nyden, A. Figert, M, Shibley, & D. Burrows (Eds.), Building community: Social Science in Action (pp. 3-13). Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge. (1997) Nyden, Philip and Wim Wiewel. “Collaborative research: Harnessing the tensions between research and practitioner.” The American Sociologist. 23, no. 4 (Winter), 43-45. (1992)

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Parker EA, Schulz AJ, Israel BA, Hollis B. “Detroit's East Side Village Health Worker Partnership: Community-Based Lay Health Advisor Intervention In An Urban Area.” Health Education & Behavior, 25 (1): 24-45. (1998) Parker, EA, Eng, E, Schulz, AJ, Israel, BA “Evaluating Community-Based Health Programs That Seek to Increase Community Capacity. Evaluating Health and Human Service Programs in Community Settings.” New Directions for Evaluation, American Evaluation Association, Number 83 (Fall 1999) Porpora, D. “Action research: the highest stage of service-learning?” In J.Ostrow, G. Hesser, & S. Enos (Eds.), Cultivating the sociological imagination: Concepts and models for service-learning (pp. 121-123). Washington, DC: American Association for Higher Education. (1999) Prendergast, Michael. Seven Stages in my First Action Research Project. (1996) http://educ.queensu.ca/projects/action_research/michael.htm Reardon, Ken, John Welsh, Brian Kreiswirth, and John Forester. “Participatory action research from the inside: Community development practice in East St. Louis.” The American Sociologist 24:69-91. (1993) Reinharz, Shulamit. “Feminist Action Research.” Chapter 10 in Feminist Methods in Social Research. Oxford University Press. 1992. Rocheleau, D.E. “Participatory Research and the Race to Save the Planet: Questions, Critique and Lessons from the Field.” Agriculture and Human Values 11(2 and 3): 4-25. (1994) Sarri, Rosemary C., and Catherine M. Sarry. “Organizational and community change through participatory action research.” Administration in Social Work 16, no. 34:99-122. (1992) Schulz AJ, Parker, EA, Israel, BA, Becker, AB, Maciak, BJ, and R. Hollis. “Conducting a Participatory Community-Based Survey: Collecting and Interpreting Data for a Community Health Intervention On Detroit's East Side.” Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 4(2): 10-24. (1998) Selener, D. “Farmer Participatory Research.” In Participatory Action Research and Social Change. Ithaca, New York: The Cornell Participatory Action Research Network, Cornell University. p. 149-195. (1997) Simonson, Lynnell, J. and Virginia A. Bushaw. “Participatory action research: Easier said than done.” The American Sociologist 24(1):27. (1993) Small, S. “Action-oriented research: models and methods.” Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 941-56. (1995) Smith, M. K. “'Kurt Lewin, groups, experiential learning and action research'” The encyclopedia of informal education (2001) http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-lewin.htm

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Spalter-Roth, Roberta and Heidi Hartmann. “Small happiness: The feminist struggle to integrate social research with social activism.” pp.333-47 in S. Hesse-Biber, C. Gilmartin, & R. Lyndenberg (Eds.), Feminist approaches to theory and methodology. Oxford Press (1999) Stoecker, Randy. “Making connections: Community organizing, empowerment planning, and participatory research in participatory evaluation.” Sociological Practice 1:209-232. (1999) Stoecker, Randy. “The imperfect Practice of Collaborative Research: The "Working Group on Neighborhoods" in Toledo, OH.” Pp. 219-225 in Philip Nyden, Anne Figert, Mark Shibley, and Darryl Burrows (Eds.) Building Community: Social Science in Action. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press. (1997)

Stoecker, Randy. “Community, Movement, Organization: The Problem of Identity Convergence in Collective Action.” The Sociological Quarterly 36:111-130. (1995)

Stoecker, Randy, and David Beckwith. "Advancing Toledo’s Neighborhood Movement Through Participatory Action Research: Integrating Activist and Academic Approaches.” Clinical Sociology Review 10:198-213. (1992)

Stoecker, Randy, and Susan Stall. “Community Organizing or Organizing Community? Gender and the Crafts of Empowerment.” COMM-ORG: The On-Line Conference on Community Organizing and Development. (1996) http://comm-org.utoledo.edu/papers96/gender.html

Stoecker, Randy, and Edna Bonacich. “Why Participatory Research? Special Guest Editors' Introduction.” The American Sociologist 23:5-14. (1992)

Stoecker, Randy. "Are Academics Irrelevant? Roles for Scholars in Participatory Research." American Behavioral Scientist 42:840-854. (1999) Stoecker, Randy. On-line article: “Thinking about Community-Based Research (CBR): Some Questions as We Begin.” http://comm-org.utoledo.edu/drafts/cbrqs.htm (FOR A COMPLETE LIST of articles, books and essays by Randy Stoecker, please visit http://sasweb.utoledo.edu/vita/stoeckvita.htm ) Strand, K. “Community-based research as pedagogy.” Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning, 7:89-96. (2000) Wadsworth, Y. “What is Participatory Action Research?” Action Research International, Paper 2. (1998) Available on-line: http://www.scu.edu.au/schools/sawd/ari/ari-wadsworth.html Ward, K. and Wolf-Wendel, L. “Community-centered service learning: moving from doing for to doing with.” American Behavioral Scientist 5, 767-80. (2000)

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“Making the link between research, action and change: A report on CRIAW's Forum 2000” http://www.criaw-icref.ca/forum.htm from the Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women (http://www.criaw-icref.ca/index-e.htm )

“Community-Based Research: Creating Evidence-Based Practice for Health and Social Change” BC Health Research Foundation. (2000) http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/00001388.htm CBPR PRESENTATION ABSTRACTS: “Establishment and Implementation of Organizational Policies To Develop, Maintain and Sustain a Community-Based Participatory Research Partnership.” Lichtenstein, R, Allen, A, Guzman, JR, Israel, BA (from http://www.sph.umich.edu/urc/publications/) "Developing Ethical and Methodological Guidelines for Community-Based Research" - a workshop sponsored by the Loka Institute, Washington, DC, January 2000. Barbara Israel, Edith Parker, and Amy Schulz participated, representing the Detroit URC. Barbara Israel also participated in a post-workshop meeting involving presentations from federal agencies and foundations to address strategies for increasing support for CBPR. (from http://www.sph.umich.edu/urc/publications/) "Successful Models of Community-Based Participatory Research" - a workshop sponsored by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Washington, DC, March 2000. Barbara Israel was a workshop participant representing the Detroit URC, and made a keynote presentation on CBPR. Edith Parker and Wilma Brakefield-Caldwell, (CAAA Steering Committee member and Detroit community partner), co-presented a session entitled "Combining Research and Intervention in Community-Based Participatory Research." (from http://www.sph.umich.edu/urc/publications/) "Community-based participatory research: Principles, rationale and policy recommendations." Commissioned for the NIEHS meeting "Successful Models of Participatory Community-Based Research" and presented by Barbara Israel, Amy Schulz, Edith Parker, and Adam Becker. Washington, DC, March 29, 2000. (from http://www.sph.umich.edu/urc/publications/) "Community-based participatory research: Principles, rationale and policy recommendations." Commissioned for the NIEHS meeting "Successful Models of Participatory Community-Based Research" and presented by Barbara Israel, Washington, DC, March 29, 2000. (from http://www.sph.umich.edu/urc/publications/) Odoms, S., Schulz, A.J., Israel, B.A. "Training Researchers to Work with Communities of Color to Conduct Community-Based Research: An Experience from the Community Health Scholars Program." (from http://www.sph.umich.edu/urc/publications/)

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Community-Based Participatory Research: Principles, Rationale, Challenges and Recommendations/Lessons Learned Through the Detroit Community-Academic Urban Research Center." Israel, B.A. Presented at the Graduate Health Professions Education Program Graduate Seminar, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, October 20, 2000. (from http://www.sph.umich.edu/urc/publications/) Policy Recommendations for Community-Based Participatory Research. Israel, B.A., Guzman, J.R. Presented at the Seminar Series on Community-Based Participatory Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, March 22, 2001. (from http://www.sph.umich.edu/urc/publications/) Community-based participatory research to improve health: The East Side Village Health Worker Partnership. Robinson, M., Schulz, A.J., Israel, B.A. Classroom presentation, Residential College, University of Michigan, April 3, 2001. (from http://www.sph.umich.edu/urc/publications/) Community-based participatory research: The Detroit Community-Academic Urban Research Center - A case example. McGranaghan, R. Classroom presentation, Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, April 2001. (from http://www.sph.umich.edu/urc/publications/) Community Based Participatory Research-Principles, Methods and Best Practices. Lichtenstein, R., Allen, A., and Greene-Moton, E. The 5th Annual Community-Campus Partnerships for Health Conference. San Antonio, TX, May, 2001 (from http://www.sph.umich.edu/urc/publications/) Abstracts accepted for the 2001 American Public Health Association Meeting, Atlanta, GA (all from http://www.sph.umich.edu/urc/publications/) CBPR ARTICLES included in the Hardcopy: Stoecker, Randy. “Thinking about Community-Based Research (CBR): Some Questions as We Begin.” http://comm-org.utoledo.edu/drafts/cbrqs.htm This article is adapted from the Keynote Address given to "Best Practices in Undergraduate Community-Based Research: Challenges and Opportunities for the Research University," by Randy Stoecker on March 22-23, 2002 in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This article includes an excellent list of further references on community-based research. The author can be reached at randy.stoecker@utoledo.edu Stoecker, Randy. “Are Academics Irrelevant? Roles for Scholars in Participatory Research.” http://comm-org.utoledo.edu/papers98/pr.htm Originally presented at the American Sociological Society Annual Meetings, 1997. A revised version of this paper was published with American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 42, 1999. This article also contains even more valuable references on community-based research. The author can be reached at randy.stoecker@utoledo.edu

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Wadsworth, Yolanda. “What is Participatory Action Research?” November 1998. Although included within the accompanying hardcopy report, this article can also be found at http://elmo.scu.edu.au/schools/sawd/ari/ari-wadsworth.html from the Action Research International homepage (http://elmo.scu.edu.au/schools/sawd/ari/ari-home.html). The ARI is an online journal having to do with community-based participatory action research. Gibson, N., Gibson, G. and Macaulay, A. C. “Community-Based Research: Negotiating Agendas and Evaluating Outcomes.” In Morse J. Swanson J, Kuzel AJ (eds). The Nature of Qualitative Evidence. Thousand Oaks: Sage. (2001) Holmes, W., Stewart, P., Garrow, A., Anderson, I., and Thorpe, L. “Researching Aboriginal health: experience from a study of urban young people’s health and well-being.” Social Science & Medicine. 54 1267-1279. (2002) www.elsevier.com/locate/socscimed Martin, A., and Sherington, J. “Participatory Research Methods – Implementation, Effectiveness and Institutional Context.” Agricultural Systems Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 195-216. (1997) “The Value of Community-Based Research.” BC Health Research Foundation. 1997. From the International Development Research Centre (homepage: http://www.idrc.ca/ ): “Participatory Research Overview: Readings on Participatory Research. CBNRM Social Science Resource Kit Volume 3: Participatory Research” http://www.idrc.ca/cbnrm/documents/CBNRM_Toolkit/overview3.htm COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH Related Websites of Interest

• WEB Links to Participatory Action Research Sites: An action-research resource for both students and practitioners http://www.goshen.edu/soan/soan96p.htm

• AREOL: action research and evaluation on line, as a web-based program

http://www.scu.edu.au/schools/gcm/ar/areol/areolind.html

• AREOL: action research and evaluation on line, is a 14-week public course offered each semester as a public service by Southern Cross University and the Southern Cross Institute of Action Research http://www.scu.edu.au/schools/gcm/ar/areol/areolhome.html

• Action Research International is an on-line journal of action research which can be found

at http://elmo.scu.edu.au/schools/sawd/ari/ari-home.html

• Action Research Resources: http://www.scu.edu.au/schools/gcm/ar/arhome.html

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• COMM-ORG Action Research: Papers, Links, etc. http://comm-org.utoledo.edu/research.htm

• Appalachian Focus Community Based Research Workshops

http://www.appalachianfocus.org/cbr/cbr2.htm

• The Loka Institute http://www.loka.org/

• CBR: Community Building Resources http://www.cbr-aimhigh.com/workshops_facilitation.htm

• Community Tool Box http://ctb.lsi.ukans.edu/

• Community Research Network http://www.mapcruzin.com/community-research/

• Centre for Research and Education in Human Services

http://www.crehs.on.ca/welcome.html

• CORAL Network community-based research resources (links, bibliography, etc.): http://www.coralnetwork.org/resources.html

• CREBA - Community Research Ethics Board of Alberta

http://www.ahfmr.ab.ca/creba/creba.shtml

• Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research http://www.ahfmr.ab.ca/index.html

• Community-Campus Partnerships for Health: The Center for Health Professions, University of California, San Francisco http://www.futurehealth.ucsf.edu/ccph/commbas.html

• Campus Compact Website www.compact.org

• Campus Compact Website Syllabus Section http://www.compact.org/syllabi/

• Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women (CRIAW)

http://www.criaw-icref.ca/index-e.htm

• North American Primary Care Research Group. “Responsible Research with Communities: Participatory Research in Primary Care.” http://www.napcrg.org/exec.html

• A Project for Rural Health Workers in Tasmania, University Department of Rural Health,

Tasmania. http://www.ruralhealth.utas.edu.au/comdev/

• Nepal Participatory Action Network (NEPAN) http://www.nepan.org.np/index.html

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• University of Capetown http://www.uct.ac.za/ Participatory action research: training district research teams in the Eastern Cape http://www.uct.ac.za/depts/chu/mch10h.rtf

• Sustainable Development Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United

Nations. http://www.fao.org Culled article by Gerrit Huizer can be found in the Journals/Articles section of this document. Also, “Participatory Action Research: Participation in practice: Monitoring and evaluation” posted Nov. 1997. http://www.fao.org/sd/PPdirect/PPre0053.htm Included are links to other excellent items.

• British Medical Journal online http://bmj.com/

• International Development Research Centre: Readings on Participatory Research

http://www.idrc.ca/cbnrm/documents/CBNRM_Toolkit/overview3.htm

• Philadelphia Higher Education Network for Neighborhood Development: University of the Sciences in Philadelphia Sociology 326 - Community Organization http://www.upenn.edu/ccp/PHENND/syllabi/SO326.html

• Detroit Urban Research Center for an excellent list of Publications and Presentations

relevant to community-based research: http://www.sph.umich.edu/urc/publications/

• Cornell Participatory Action Research Network http://www.osp.cornell.edu/VPR/Outreach/programs/PARN.html

• Center for Community Partnerships, Penn State University

http://www.upenn.edu/ccp/educate.shtml

• University of British Columbia at Victoria (UVic) Community Health Promotion Coalition: Community-Based Research http://web.uvic.ca/~chpc/cbr.htm

• UVic CHPC Workshop series http://web.uvic.ca/~chpc/cbrworkshop.htm

• University of Victoria School of Social Work http://web.uvic.ca/socw/home.htm

• Community-based Research Courses Georgetown University

https://data.georgetown.edu/outreach/csj/research/courses.html

• Georgetown University Department of Sociology and Anthropology (class descriptions) http://www.georgetown.edu/departments/sociology/index.html

• Community-based research workshops University of Michigan: http://www.umich.edu/~mserve/ucomm/workshopsintro.html

• Paper: "Are Academics Irrelevant? Roles for Scholars in Participatory Research" by

Randy Stoecker http://comm-org.utoledo.edu/papers98/pr.htm

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• Paper: "Thinking About CBR: Some Questions as We Begin" by Randy Stoecker

http://comm-org.utoledo.edu/drafts/cbrqs.htm (NOTE: FOR A COMPLETE LIST of articles, books and essays by Randy Stoecker, please visit http://sasweb.utoledo.edu/vita/stoeckvita.htm This is an excellent source in and of itself and for information for future web searching.)

• Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples Ethical Guidelines for Research. Section Six:

Research Involving Aboriginal Peoples. http://www.nserc.ca/programs/ethics/english/sec06.htm

• Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, for recommendations regarding research

within Aboriginal communities. http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ch/rcap/index_e.html

• Aboriginal Healing Foundation http://www.ahf.ca/english/index.shtml

• American Indian and Alaska Native Educational Research and Development http://www.indianeduresearch.net/

• Books to Build a Better World http://www.cipa-apex.org/cat01.htm

• The Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project http://www.ksdpp.org/

• An excellent online search engine: www.google.ca COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH Courses and Syllabi (Several of these course descriptions include extensive reading lists. Please refer to the accompanying sourcebook for those lists available in the hardcopy.) AREOL: Action Research and Evaluation Online (http://www.scu.edu.au/schools/gcm/ar/areol/areoldes.html) is a 14-week public course offered each semester as a public service by Southern Cross University in Northern New South Wales, Australia and the Southern Cross Institute of Action Research (SCIAR), which is based within Southern Cross University in New South Wales, Australia. There are two versions of this online course, one is through periodic electronic mailing lists at regular intervals and the other is a web-based version found at http://www.scu.edu.au/schools/gcm/ar/areol/areolind.html AREOL offers a very impressive website that covers a wide range of tools for action research, which can be found at http://www.scu.edu.au/schools/gcm/ar/arhome.html SOC 316: Community Research Seminar taught by Rob Rosenthal at the University of Toledo in Toledo, Ohio. This course outline was found among a collection of syllabi provided at Comm-Org: The On-Line Conference On Community Organizing and Development, which can be

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found at http://comm-org.utoledo.edu/ This course offers an introduction to service learning and community research as well as an extensive semester reading list, which is available online. Community Research: Psychology 317/318 taught by Lorraine Gutierrez and Jennifer Lyle at the University of Michigan. http://www.umich.edu/ There are two components to this course: one is experientially based and the other is theory based. This course covers research methodologies useful in conducting research on, with and for communities. The syllabi and it’s accompanying reading list, can also be found at http://www.compact.org/syllabi/ by going to the Quick Find drop down menu and at the bottom of the page. Choose “Syllabi” and search under the headings of Psychology and Sociology.

SOCI 438 Project D.C. Community-Based Research Seminar taught by Professor Sam Marullo, Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Georgetown University. Some of the goals of this course are to provide students with an experiential learning process through which they will complete a sociological research project, carry out their research design and gather and analyze data. Internships within local community-based organizations are key. The course outline url: http://www.georgetown.edu/departments/sociology/facinfo/marullocoursesprojectdc.html This course syllabus also provides an excellent reading list which can be found at the above website.

HBHE 810/SOC 595-1: Community-Based Participatory Research taught by Professors Mark Chesler & Barbara Israel offered at the University of Michigan, School of Public Health http://www.umich.edu/ This course looks at ways in which social scientists and citizens collaborate to conduct research that leads to organizational or community change, and improvement in health and quality of life.

PH 219C Participatory Action Research in Public Health taught by Meredith Minkler at the University of California at Berkeley School of Public Health. This course is part of the M.P.H. Degree with Specialization in Health and Social Behavior, the requirements for which can be found at http://socrates.berkeley.edu:7047/cgi-bin/passtest.cgi?div967501670.dtl Participatory research approaches, including Participatory Action Research, have been effectively employed in programs focusing on prevention of alcohol and/or drug related problems, youth issues, HIV/AIDS prevention and other health issues, and homelessness, among many others. The goal of this course is to provide students with an understanding of theories, principles and strategies of Participatory Action Research.

NURS 561 Conducting Research with Diverse Populations: African American, American Indian and Latino Populations taught by C. June Strickland at the University Of Washington School of Nursing. This course is specifically designed for those interested in conducting health behaviour research in African American, American Indian and Latino communities, and for those interested in increasing their understanding of health concerns and issues with these populations. The url for the school is http://www.washington.edu/uif/uif2b/nurse.html

HBHE 210 - Community Capacity, Competence, and Power taught by co-instructors Eugenia Eng and Ellen Smolker at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. (School url: http://www.sph.unc.edu/# ) Students will explore the nature and delineation of participatory action research and its relevance to concepts, principles, and practices of community empowerment. http://www.sph.unc.edu/course/?id=381

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SocW 504 Community Development in Health and Social Services taught by Prof. Roopchand Seebaran at the University of Victoria School of Social Work. The focus of this course is based upon the utilization of a community development approach to social work that will be relevant to a variety of practice areas, including but not limited to community-based research. The outline to this course has been included for the valuable references attached to the reading list. The Uvic School of Social Work website http://web.uvic.ca/socw/outlines.htm offers a comprehensive list of all courses and syllabi available.

Kahnawake Shakotiia’takehnhas Community Services First Nation’s Concordia University Community Services Three Year Certificate Program. This extensive program included courses such as AHSC 440 Community Development, which focuses on basic community development models of practice and approaches to analyzing and defining community problems and issues, among other topics. Please contact the Kahnawake Shakotiia’takehnhas Community Services by phone at (450) 632-6880 or by fax (450) 632-5116 for more information and current availability of programs and placements.

HECOL 603: Qualitative Research Methods taught by Fay Fletcher and Dr. Nancy Gibson at the University of Alberta Centre for Health Promotion Studies & Department of Human Ecology. This course offer theoretical understanding of qualitative and community-based research designs, including phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, biography and case study. Methods of data collection such as interviews, focus groups and participant observation are of central focus. Strategies for data analysis and dissemination are also important components. Course information is available at http://www.registrar.ualberta.ca/calendar/courses/HECOL.html University of Alberta Centre for Health Promotion Studies & Department of Human Ecology webpage can be found at http://www.chps.ualberta.ca/ SOCI 612: Designing Sociological Research. Concordia University. Graduate level, Sociology and Anthropology department. This course covers objectives of social research, data structures and data analysis and the benefits of social research for sociological knowledge and community betterment, among other topics. Go to http://www.concordia.ca/ for more information. SOCI 613: Techniques of Social Research. Concordia University. Graduate level, Sociology and Anthropology department. This main goal of this course is to develop skills in the practical application of sociological research. Several techniques will be covered, including interviewing, textual analysis, survey analysis, and others. Go to http://www.concordia.ca/ for more information. “Foundation Courses” Provided by Janet Smylie. She is in the Department of Family Medicine in Ottawa. The course descriptions came from a proposal submission to the Canadian Institutes of Health Research entitled, "Standing our Ground, A Participatory Training Program to Enhance Health Research in Aboriginal Communities". The proposal is still pending review. Introduction to Aboriginal Research Methodologies Learning Objectives:

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Introduction to theory of Indigenous knowledge frameworks Identify key elements of tradition research methodologies and compare and contrast to

Western methods Provide examples of successful participatory research projects by community based

service providers in Aboriginal communities Review of ethical frameworks for research in Aboriginal communities Lessons learned from unsuccessful projects and barriers to successful collaborative

research. Compare and contrast international Aboriginal health research initiatives in other

industrialized countries Interact with graduate form the Indigenous Masters of Applied Epidemiology program in

Australia. Duration: 10 half-day sessions Most responsible faculty: Janet Smylie, Madeleine Dion Stout, guest elders. Applied Health Research Design Learning Objectives: Formulation of research question(s) Identification of appropriate study design Application of Indigenous knowledge, primary care, and participatory research

frameworks Overview of Western and Indigenous research tools Analysis of study design from Western scientific and Indigenous perspectives Planning for research transfer and uptake

Duration: 10 half-day sessions Most responsible faculty: Janet Smylie, Madeleine Dion Stout, guest elders, guest research faculty from the Institute of Population Health.

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STATISTICS Bibliography and Reference List BOOKS: (Sources: www.amazon.com , www.amazon.ca , www.chapters.indigo.ca ): For Beginners:

• Statistics for the Utterly Confused by Jaisingh, Lloyd R., Ph.D. McGraw-Hill Trade; ISBN: 0071350055 (May 2000)

• Statistics the Easy Way (Easy Way Series) by Douglas Downing, Jeffrey Clark

(Contributor). Barrons Educational Series; ISBN: 0812093925 3rd edition (March 1997)

• The Cartoon Guide to Statistics by Larry Gonick, Woollcott Smith (Contributor), Woolcott Smith HarperCollins (paper); ISBN: 0062731025; (February 25, 1994)

• Statistics for Dummies by Allen L., Ph.D. Webster, Mary Jane Sterling. John Wiley &

Sons; ISBN: 0764554239; 1st edition (September 2002)

• Teach Yourself Statistics by Alan Graham. Contemporary Books; ISBN: 0658000845; 2nd edition (March 1, 2000)

• Coles Notes: How to Get an "A" in Statistics and Data Analysis ISBN: 0774005602

Published by Coles Notes Publishing. (September 1998)

• Chances Are: The Only Statistics Book You'll Ever Need by Stephen L. Slavin, Steve Slavin. Madison Books; ISBN: 1568331088; (August 1998)

• PDQ Statistics by Geoffrey R. Norman, David L. Streiner. B C Decker; ISBN:

1550090763; 2nd edition (January 1997)

• Introduction to Statistics (Harpercollins College Outline) by Susan F. Wagner. Harper Resource; ISBN: 0064671348; (January 1992)

• Forgotten Statistics: A Self-Teaching Refresher Course by Jeffrey Clark (Contributor),

Douglas A. Downing. Barrons Educational Series; ISBN: 0812097130; (December 1996)

• How to Lie With Statistics by Darrell Huff. W.W. Norton & Company; ISBN: 0393310728; Reissue edition (November 1993)

• Cliffsquickreview Statistics (Cliffs Quick Review) by David H. Voelker, et al. John Wiley

& Sons; ISBN: 0764563882; (June 2001)

• Statistics for the Terrified by John H. Kranzler. Prentice Hall; ISBN: 0130983403

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• Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics by Neil J. Salkind. Sage

Publications ISBN: 0761916229 Published: (June 2000)

Intermediate/Advanced Levels:

• Statistics: A Self-Teaching Guide (Wiley Self-Teaching Guides) by Donald J. Koosis. John Wiley & Sons; ISBN: 0471146889; 4 edition (April 1997)

• Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches by John W. Creswell. Sage

Publications; ISBN: 0803952554 (1994)

• Introduction to the Practice of Statistics by David S. Moore, George P. McCabe. W H Freeman & Co.; ISBN: 071672250X; 2nd edition (December 1993)

• Telecourse Study Guide for Against All Odds: Inside Statistics and Introduction to the

Practice of Statistics by David S. Moore. W H Freeman & Co.; ISBN: 0716728109; 3rd edition (July 1998)

• Statistics by Martin Sternstein ISBN: 0812018699 Published by Barron's Educational

Series (January 1994)

• Introduction to the Practice of Statistics 3rd Edition by David S. Moore and George P. McCabe. W H Freeman & Co.; ISBN: 0716735024 (August 1998)

• Statistics Crash Course by Murray Spiegel. ISBN: 0070527121 Published by Schaum

(November 1999)

• Statistics by David Freedman. ISBN: 0393970833 Published by Norton & Co., Inc. (January 1997)

• Statistics: A First Course by John E. Freund. ISBN: 0139599096 Published by Prentice

Hall (December 1998)

• Forgotten Statistics by Douglas Downing. ISBN: 0812097130 Published by Barron's Educational Series (January 1996)

• Statistics: An Introduction by Kirk. ISBN: 0030193370 Published by Harcourt Brace

College Publishers (January 1998)

• Flash Review: Introduction to Statistics: Introduction to Statistics by Sawyer. ISBN: 0201774666 Published by Addison Wesley (March 2002)

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• Foundations of Statistics Author: Hawley Edition Details: Student Manual, Study Guide, etc. ISBN: 0030177235 Published by Harcourt Brace & Company Canada, Limited (January 1995)

• The Practice of Social Research. (latest edition) by Earl Babbie. Belmont CA,

Wadsworth Publishing Company.

• Statistics: A Tool for Social Research. (5th edition) by Joseph F. Hadley. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company (1999)

• The Sociological Method. Chapter 2: "The Logic of Proof" by Stephen Cole. Chicago:

Rand McNally. (1976)

• An Introduction to Statistical Techniques for Social Research Chapter 2: "The Measurement of Social Variables" by Anthony A. Hickey. New York: Random House. (1986)

• Say it with Figures Chapter 10: "Regression Analysis" by Hans Zeisel. New York:

Harper & Row. (1985)

• The Standard Deviants - Statistics, Parts 1, 2 & 3 (Instructional Video Series) Edition Details: NTSC format (US and Canada only) ASIN: 6305216975

STATISTICS Websites:

• HyperStat Online Textbook www.davidmlane.com/hyperstat/

• A New View of Statistics http://www.sportsci.org/resource/stats/index.html

• INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS: CONCEPTS, MODELS, AND APPLICATIONS http://www.psychstat.smsu.edu/sbk00.htm

• The Little Handbook of Statistical Practice by Gerard E. Dallal, Ph.D. Chief, Division of

Biostatistics, Tufts University. http://www.tufts.edu/%7Egdallal/LHSP.HTM

• Statistics at Square 1 Ninth Edition. Revised by M J Campbell, University of Southampton http://bmj.com/statsbk/

• Surfstat.australia: an online text in introductory Statistics

http://www.anu.edu.au/nceph/surfstat/surfstat-home/surfstat.html

• VassarStats: Website for Statistical Computation http://faculty.vassar.edu/lowry/VassarStats.html

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• Concepts and Applications of Inferential Statistics.

http://vassun.vassar.edu/%7Elowry/webtext.html A free, full-length, and occasionally interactive statistics textbook and a companion site to VassarStats: Website.

• SticiGui by P. B. Stark of UC Berkeley

http://www.stat.berkeley.edu/users/stark/SticiGui/Text/index.htm

• Statistics on the Web http://my.execpc.com/~helberg/statistics.html

• Statistics Canada. www.statcan.ca STATISTICS Courses and Syllabi: eLearners.com Click the links to find almost 200 different web-based statistics courses offered online by a vast array of reputable universities. To find an impressive list of online stats courses go to http://elearners.com/cj/?AID=1642800&PID=404313 Aboriginal Statistical Training Course offered by Housing, Family and Social Statistics Division of Statistics Canada. Course manager Andy Siggner can be reached at tel: (613) 951-3771, fax: (613) 951-0387 and by email: siggand@statcan.ca This course is divided into two modules, Data Analysis Techniques and Surveys: From Start to Finish. The main objective of this course is to increase the capacity of Aboriginal people in the area of statistics and to enhance the knowledge and ability of Aboriginal people working in jobs requiring statistics to be able to fully apply newly acquired statistical knowledge in their fields. Further information can be found at http://www.nunavuteda.com/members/2001_conf/Tab%20Mc/AbCourse%20Brochure3.htm Principles of Inferential Statistics 513-607A taught by Dr. James Hanley at McGill University in Montreal, Qc. Canada. http://www.mcgill.ca/ This course offers the basic principles of statistical inference pertinent to clinical research. Course web page is www.epi.mcgill.ca/hanley/c607/ Required text is Moore and McCabe’s Introduction to the Practice of Statistics, 3rd Edition. For more information please go to McGill’s website. McGill University Graduate and Undergraduate Calendars are available in PDF form at http://www.mcgill.ca/courses/. Statistics courses within the Sociology grad and undergrad schools can be found at: www.arts.mcgill.ca/programs/sociology Undergraduate courses are SOCI 504 Quantitative Methods I and SOCI 505 Quantitative Methods II. Concordia University Graduate and Undergraduate Calendars are available at http://www.concordia.ca/ Statistics courses in 31.310 Sociology and Anthropology: SOCI 212 Statistics I and SOCI 213 Statistics II.

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REPORT SUMMARY

1. Introduction

2. Resources: Community-Based Participatory Research: Programs and Organizations

A list of programs and organizations found online.

3. Resources: CBPR: Workshop Series A list of national and international workshop series found online.

4. Resources: CBPR: Bibliography and Reference List: Books

5. Special Section of resource listings from The Seattle Partners for Healthy

Communities.

6. Resources: CBPR: Bibliography and Reference List: Journals and Articles.

7. Resources: CBPR: Presentation Abstracts

8. Resources: CBPR: Articles included in the Hardcopy

9. Resources: CBPR: Related Websites of Interest

10. Resources: CBPR: Courses and Syllabi A selection of courses related to CBPR, national and international.

11. Resources: Statistics: Bibliography and Reference List: Books: For Beginners

12. Resources: Statistics: Bibliography and Reference List: Books:

Intermediate/Advanced Levels

13. Resources: Statistics: Bibliography and Reference List: Websites

14. Resources: Statistics: Bibliography and Reference List: Courses and Syllabi A selection of courses related to statistics, national and international.

15. Report Summary