Community-based Conservation and Sustainable Utilization...
Transcript of Community-based Conservation and Sustainable Utilization...
Community-based Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Potential Medicinal Plants In Rasuwa, Nepal Himalaya
An ESON - Allachy Project (2006-2007)
Project Reference No: AA007
Final Report Prepared by
Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal (ESON)
Kathmandu, Nepal
Submitted to
Plantlife International, UK.
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Community-based Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Potential Medicinal Plants In Rasuwa, Nepal Himalaya
Project Reference No: AA007
An ESON - Allachy Project (2006-2007)
Final Report Prepared by
Ram C. Poudel and Krishna K. Shrestha
Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal (ESON)
Kathmandu, Nepal
Submitted to
Plantlife International, UK.
December, 2007
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal (ESON) is thankful to Plantlife International, UK for awarding Allachy grant to conduct project on “Community based in situ conservation of medicinal plants in the Rasuwa district of Nepal Himalaya”. We would like to express our appreciation and thanks to Dr. Alan Hamilton and Liz Radford for their encouragements and regular feedbacks.
In particular, we would like to thank Mr. Kaisang N. Tamang, President, Manekor Society Nepal (MSN) and Binod Poudel, President, Federation of Community Forest User Groups Nepal (FECOFUN) Rasuwa, the local collaborator of this project, for being very active and cooperative throughout the project..
From the beginning, the project was leaded by the communities of Chilime Village Development Committee (VDC) outside the National park and from Thulo syafru (Inside Langtang National Park), so achievement so far made by the project is entirely the dedication of the field staffs and the local communities. ESON is very much delighted by the overwhelming support and participation of the local Tamang people in the management of Medicinal plants inside community forests and their enthusiasm to support conservation inside the neighboring Langtang National park. The commitment and dedication of project partners and supportive District Development Committee Rasuwa and Langtang National Park is commendable for the achievements of the project. Nevertheless, the District Forest Office, Rasuwa was very cooperative to accelerate and legitimate the effort of communities’ interest in the sustainable use and management of community forest’ resources. Our special thanks are due to Ghanashyan Dhakal (Chief District Forest officer) and Prem Sapkota (Ranger) of the District Forest Office Rasuwa, and Jagannath Singh, Acting Warden of Langtang National Park.
We are indebted to the Late Dr. Damodar Prasad Parajuli, Secretary of Ministry of Forests & Soil Cnservation and Late Dr. Narayan Poudel, Director General, Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation for providing permission to implement the project in Rasuwa district.
We are thankful to all the ESON executives and ordinary members for their continuous support. Dr. Narendra N. Tiwari, Ms. Sangeeta Rajbhandary and Ms. Ila Shrestha deserve special thanks for their active involvement in the conduction of training in the field sites and regular monitoring of project activities.
Thanks are also due to Apsara Chapagain, Pradeep Maharjan, Yadav Uprety and Ripu M. Kuwar for their valuable feedbacks. Similarly we are also thankful to our research assistants (M. Sc. students) Saroj Yadav and Kamal Humagain for their tireless efforts in the conduction of project activities and gathering ethnobotanical as well as ecological information of the medicinal plants. Yagya Rokya, Angchhiring Tamang, Kabita Ghale and all the Manekor team deserves special thanks for their active role in the project activities. Last but not least, support from Sailesh Ranjitkar and Urmila Limbu, the Office Secretary, is highly acknowledged.
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CONTENTS
1. Background……………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
2. Objectives…………………………………………………………………………………………………2
2. 1.Short term objectives………………………………………………………………………..…... 2
2.2. Long term objectives………………………………………………………………………..…… 2
3. Project Activities and Achievement………………… ……………………………..……………….. 4
3.1. Activities 3.1. Develop project activities and initiate collaboration in local level…………... 4
3.2. Activities 3.2. Local level Community meeting and develop community based activities……………………………………………………………………………………….…… 6
3.3. Activities 3.3. Formation of MAPs monitoring team…………………………………………… 6
3.4. Activities 3.4. Conduction of Free Herbal Health camp and Awareness rising campaigns………………………………………………………………………………………..… 7
3.5. Activities. 3.5. Community Based Ethnographic Research…………………………………… 8
3.6. Activities 3.6. Institutionalize Community Based Sustainable Utilization and Conservation of MAPs…………………………………………………………………………….. 9
3.7. Activities 3.7. Support Conservation Activites Inside Langtang National Park…………….. 10
3.8. Activities 3.8. Formation of village level medicinal plants management team……………... 11
3.9. Activities 3.9. Inventory of CFs………………………………………………………………….. 11
3.10. Activities 3.10. Revise CFs Operation Plan and Develop Annual Harvesting Plan…….… 12
3.11. Activities 3.11. Develop Market Linkage of MAPs………………………………………....... 12
3.12. Activities 3.12. Support and Encourage ex situ Conservation of MAPs………….……...... 13
3.13. Activities 3.13. Develop follow-up project activities………….……….……………………… 14
4. Followup works…………………………………………… ………………………………………….… 13
5. Way forward…………………………………………………… ….…………………………………….. 13
Annex – I Project Team members
Annex – II Table 1. Activities Framework
Annex – III Table 2. Local use of Medicinal Plant in Gatlang, Chilime and Thuman Village Development Committee of Rasuwa
Annex – IV Table 3. Name and Address of the Farmers Supported for CHIRAITO ( Swertia Chirayita ) growing
Annex – V Table 4. Major Non Timber Forest Product s (NTFPs) of Rasuwa district (2006-2007)
Annex – VI Table 5. Financial report
Annex – VII Table 6. Non Timber Forest Products Inf ormation Centre in Dhunche
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LIST OF FIGURES/MAPS
Fig. 1. Map of Rasuwa
Fig. 2. Map of Chilime
Fig. 3. Project Inception meeting in Rasuwa:, the chief guest Act. Chief District Officer Mr. Bharat Luitel (3rd from right) and President ESON, Dr. Krishna K. Shrestha (4th from right)
Fig. 4 (Left), Fig. 5 (right) - Community meeting in Chilime.
Fig. 6. Community Forest User Groups of Mangtang discussing for making MAPs monitoring team
Fig. 7 Pilgrims getting free herbal health care in the camp
Fig. 8. Providing medication to the pilgrims
Fig. 9. Highly threatened plant Saussurea gossypiphora selling by hawker to offer God Shiva
Fig. 10. Pilgrims collecting plants, (1., 2. Rhododendron anthopogon, 3. Juniperus indica)
Fig. 10. Consultation with local people
Fig. 12. Community people collecting ethnobotanical knowledge
Fig. 13. Community groups involved in the Resource mapping of their CF
Fig. 14. Preparing voucher specimens of collected Medicinal Plants
Fig. 15. Community exercising for the formation of VDC level FECOFUN
Fig. 16. Community Forest representative putting his view on the need of VDC level FECOFUN
Fig. 17. Dr. Alan Hamilton and Dr. KK Shrestha discussing with Representative of Buffer zone council of LNP in Syafrubesi.
Fig. 18. CFUGs engaged in the discussions on the management of their resources
Fig. 19. Community participants in a monthly meeting
Fig. 20. Training program on inventory of MAPs
Fig. 21. Inventory team heading to the top of the hill
Fig. 22. Steeps of the Kaltache CF, rich in medicinal herbs where permanent plot were plotted
Fig. 23. Members of MAPs inventory team
Fig. 24. MAP of community forests and detailed inventory track, plots and name of the major meadows
Fig. 25. Road head trader paying to the collector
Fig. 26. Herb collectors carrying herb down to Thambuchet
Fig. 27. Spikenard drying at Thambuchet
Fig. 28. ESON supported farmer caring his Chiraito saplings
Fig. 29. Medicinal plants nursery in Tetangche village
Fig. 30. Farmer growing Chiraito in the edge/ margin of crop land. Wheat is grown in plain land
Fig. 31. Parties representative putting view on MAPs conservation in the VDC
Fig. 32. CF representative sharing her views on the effectiveness of ESON programs
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
CBOs Community Based Organizations
CDO Chief District Officer
CFs Community Forests
CFUGs Community Forest User Groups
DDC District Development Committee
DFO District Forest Office
DEPROCS Development Project Service Centre Nepal
DNPWC Department of National Parks and Wildlife Reserves
ESON Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal
FECOFUN Federation of Community Forest User Groups of Nepal
HAA Himalaya Amchi Association
HH House Hold
IPAs Important Plant Areas
LNP Langtang National Park
MAPs Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
MoFSC Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation
MOU Memorandum of Understanding
MPs Medicinal Plants
MSN Manekor Society of Nepal
NAF Nepal Agroforestry Foundation
NEHHPA Nepal Herbs and Herbal Products Association
NG Nepal Government
NGOs Non Governmental Organizations
NP National Park
NTFPs Non Timber Forest Products
TRAPP Tourism for Rural Alleviation of Poverty Program
USC Nepal Paraspar Nepal (USC Nepal)
UNDP/MEDEP United Nations Development Program/Micro-enterprise Development Program
VDC Village Development Committee
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1. Background
Rasuwa is one of the Himalayan districts in Nepal along the centre of massif Himalayan Range. This Tibetan bordered district of Nepal ranges from 900 m to 7410 m elevation from the sea level. Due to complex landscapes and steep terrains the dominant Tamang ethnic community of this district depend solely on the forest resources as subsistence-based agriculture and animal husbandry. Barley, potatoes, millet, maize are grown along the narrow terrains of the mountain slopes. Small patches of villages scattered at the base and middle of mountains peaks are at the greater risks of landslide, heavy rainfall, snow falls and leaching of the manure they applied, so the agriculture production can’t feed them more than six months in a year. To survive in the rest of the year, the Tamang communities of northern Rasuwa depend on the income from medicinal herbs of the meadows and manual labor in and outside the district.
All the seventeen Village development committees (VDCs) of Rasuwa district are very rich in the natural resources remarkably in natural forests. Of which Chilime, Gatlang and Thuman VDCs are outstanding in respect to the diversity and dominance of Himalayan medicinal herbs. More than 250 households of Dadagaun, Haku, Golgung, Gatlang, Chilime and Thuman VDCs are annually engaged in the collection of wild herbs from the nearby forest. Survey done by Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal showed that, high proportion of high altitude herbs are exported from the district to Tibet and low altitude Non-timber forest products are transported to Kathmandu valley. Occasionally the traded amount of herbs also comprise, illegally collected herbs inside the Langtang National Park too.
Medicinal herbs collected are taken to the road head traders at Thambuchet-Chilime and sold in very negligible prices. Despite the long history of collection of medicinal herbs and its good market value in district headquarter and capital city, the herb collectors’ Tamang people are always under the poverty line and seeking for the better livelihood options. Moreover, there is decreasing tendency of herbs in the lower altitudes around the village and hazardous collection is increasing annually.
Rasuwa is equally rich in cultural heritage and biodiversity. In the context of higher threats on the medicinal, sustainable use and adoption of conservation measures are an immediate need of the district, especially in the northern part of Rasuwa. Realizing this fact, Allachy grant awarded to the Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal (ESON) to accomplish the activities with following objectives.
Fig. 1. Map of Rasuwa
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Fact sheet of Chilime Village Development Committee (VDC) of Rasuwa district
Area : 101 sq km.
Altitude: 2000m - 4700m Ward : 9
Vegetation: Tropical Montana-Alpine Population: 1521 (More then 98% Tamang ethnic group) House Hold (HH) : 350 and 38 HH land less House hold size: 4.68 (average HH) Male: 812 Female: 709
CFUGs: 16 Interesting site: Chilime hydroelectric project (14 MW)- Tatopani Hotspring, Chilime village-Culturally rich Tamang village; Chilime forest – Rich in Himalayan medicinal plants.
2. Objectives
2.1. Short term objectives
� Find out the priority medicinal plants of local communities and understand local conservation efforts, if any. Implement collaborative activities to encourage in situ conservation of MAPs
� To know the Medicinal plants species availability, their distribution, regeneration, local use, trade and livelihood of local people.
� Raise awareness among local communities on sustainable use and management of medicinal plants and encourage them to institutionalize their activities from a single common team (committee) for better communication, coordination and exchange of learning’s on sustainable utilization, management and growing of medicinal herbs. This committee is supposed to develop confidence and bargaining capacity of the involved community forest user groups.
� Formation of medicinal plant management and monitoring team in the village.
� Building capacity of Community Forest Groups in inventory and assessment of medicinal plants to develop habitat monitoring and annual sustainable harvesting plan.
� Develop appropriate market linkage of wild and cultivated herbs?.
� Based on the resolution of this first phase of study, develop community based Action plan for follow up project mainly in situ and ex situ conservation of medicinal plants.
2.1. Long term objectives
� Establish Medicinal Plants Information Centre in Dhunche (the district headquarter of Rasuwa)
� Building capacity of traditional healers to Institutionalize their herbal treatment practices
� Identification of Important Plant Areas (IPA) of commercially threatened medicinal plants, and study its population dynamics inside and outside the protected area.
� Institutionalize medicinal plants habitats monitoring system and developing sustainable annual yield or harvesting plan within the communities.
� Ex situ conservation of commercially potential MAPs in community forests and marginal land.
� Establish medicinal plants based small scale cooperative, and model herbal nursery plots, to uplift the economy of less privileged and disadvantaged ethnic group.
Fig. 2. Map of Chilime
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� Establish community herbal health care centre operated by local trained traditional healers in collaboration with Himalaya Aamchi Association (HAA).
� Expansion of the project in and around Langtang National Park.
3. Project Activities and Achievements
This project is entirely a community participatory action oriented program. Each project activities were conducted in close collaboration with local authorities and concerned stakeholders of the project area. Information regarding ecology and natural resource management related research works highlighting more on Ethnobotany of the Rasuwa district was extensively reviewed during literature review. Along with documentation of existing research works, the major focus was to sort out the activities conducted in the Rasuwa district especially in the management of the medicinal plant resources. Past projects and ongoing activities were taken as baseline to develop new project activities and filling the gaps in the sustainable management of MAPs through in situ conservation approach in the district.
From Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, Langtang is the nearest mountainous district bordering China. Rasuwa is easily accessible from Kathmandu but very remote regarding the availability of basic pubic services to the local people inhabiting in the scattered patches on the slopes of fragile landscapes. Many national and international non-governmental organizations are engaged to assist local people for delivering social services as well as implementing diverse kind of project activities in different sector like, natural resources, environment, health, education, etc. Unfortunately the services provided by these organizations are also biased to remote people living far from district headquarter at the base of the mountains. More than dozens of non governmental organizations and three to four international non-governmental organizations are reported to be working in this district.
For better effectiveness of the project activities, ESON selected two local organizations having tendency to work with the remote communities better relationships and sound prestige among local people. After couple of interactions Manekor Society of Nepal (MSN) based on Rasuwa, and Rasuwa unit of Federation of Community Forest User Groups Nepal (FECOFUN) were identified as potential local collaborators to execute all the project activities further. The final framework of the project activities were developed after the mutual understanding and discussions between the partners and among other concerned organizations. Annual framework of the project activities are provided in the Annex II. The accomplished project activities according to the respective objectives are as follows.
Objective 1. Find out the priority medicinal plants of local com munities and understand local conservation efforts, if any. Implement collaborati ve activities to encourage in situ conservation of MAPs
ctivities 3.1. Develop project activities and initiate collaborati on at local level: The project started its formal activities by the organization of Inception meeting in Dhunche, the District headquarter Rasuwa
district on November 9, 2006. Though the activities of the project was already started from September 2006 through local level consultations and interactions, the formal meetings with all the concerned stakeholders were to be waited until September due to the unfavorable climatic condition in the project area. One day Inception meeting on "Conservation and Sustainable
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Organizations working in Rasuwa
Action Aid
DEPROCS Nepal
FECOFUN
HAA
Manekor Society of Nepal (MSN)
NAF
NEHHPA
Paraspar Nepal
Poverty Alleviation Fund
Practical Action
Search Nepal
The Mountain Institute (TMI)
UNDP/MEDEP, TRAPP
World Education
WWF-Nepal
Fig. 3. Project Inception meeting in Rasuwa:, the chief guest Act. Chief District Officer Mr. Bharat Luitel (3rd from right) and President ESON, Dr. Krishna K. Shrestha (4th from right).
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utilization of the medicinal Plants of Rasuwa district" was conducted in the district headquarter, Rasuwa. This meeting was participated by more than 35 persons representing 20 organizations including leading government and non government organizations/institutions of the district. Mr. Bhart Luitel, Act. Chief District officer, was the Chief Guest of the program and the program was conducted under the chairmanship of Dr. Krishna K. Shrestha (President, ESON). This program was participated by the wide range of people from Village level authorities to district level including representations from local people, medicinal plant collectors, traders, growers, and the political parties. This meeting concentrate its discussion on the following issues.
1. Identification and assessment of medicinal plants
2. Ways of sustainable utilization of the medicinal plants
3. Need and importance of participatory conservation of medicinal plants.
4. Identify and minimize the challenges seen in the medicinal plant sector.
This program was very successful to get encouraging supports from district and VDC level authorities. It has been realized that medicinal plants sector is an important sector priortised by the government and non governments organizations focussed in the livelihood improvement of the people of Rasuwa especially residing in northen VDCs.
Achievement 1.1.
Organizations working in the improvement of medicinal plant sector inside Rasuwa define their role and agreed not to duplicate same work in the same locality.
Achievement 1.2.
If possible every organizations will take participatory approach taking concern of traditional healers, local traders, herbs collectors and community forest user groups, while conduction programs related with MAPs
Achievement 1.3.
For the identification and assessment of the medicinal plants of the district organizations like, ESON, District Forest Office (DFO) and USC Nepal (Paraspar Nepal) will work together, so that there will be uniformity in the survey procedures. District Forest Office will work together with ESON to update and revise the operation plans of the community forests in the project area. ESON will be cooperated by DFO and other concerned organizations in the study of population dynamics of the medicinal plants in the potential sites of the district.
Achievement 1.4.
Every medicinal plant related project will closely work with Langtang National Park (LNP) authorities, and LNP will collaborate with each projects and communities inside and outside national parks for the correct certification of the herbs regarding their origin.
Achievement 1.5.
In collaboration with all the organizations working in the district, the meeting realized the need of establishment of (medicinal) Plant information Center in the district headquarter so as to provide correct information on the medicinal herbs, endemic and threatened plants, and related activities in the district. This information center will develop demonstration plots of various medicinal plants, which is supposed to provide and disseminate both practical and theoretical knowledge among the local people of the district.
Achievement 1.6.
When formulating the annual programs, District and VDC level government authorities will take Medicinal plant as important sector and work on developing easy ways to certify the herbs from the district. Furthermore the DFO will work with the local organization in the capacity building of the local community forest user groups and help them in the in situ and ex situ conservation of medicinal plants. Each year the DFO will assist at least five local community forest user groups to revise their forest plan in close collaboration with the organizations working in that area wherever possible.
Achievement 1.7.
Each organization will give priority in the in situ and ex situ management of the highly traded plants from the district. Potential plants identified by the meeting were Aconitum spicatum (Bruhl) Stapf, Acorus calamus L., Asparagus racemosus Willd., Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb., Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo, Delphinium himalayai Munz, Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don, different species of Lichens, Nardostachys grandiflora DC., Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora (Pennell) D.Y. Hong, Paris polyphylla Sm., Rheum australe D. Don, Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex Fleming) Karsten, Taxus wallichiana Zucc., Valeriana jatamansii Jones, and Zanthoxylum armatum DC.
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ctivities 3.2. Local level Community meeting and de velop community based activities: Similar but more infomal community meeting was organized in the Chilime
VDC on November 10, 2006. This meeting was participated by all the sixteen community forest representatives of Chilime VDC. The
overwhelming number of participants, 18 male and 17 female, were actively involved in the development of one year plan under the project.
Participants made small groups and exchanged their medicinal plants management practices. They widely disscussed the challenges they are facing in the sustainable management and utilization of MAPs. Small groups did resource mapping of their respective community forest user groups. ESON team members helped in preparing of Resource mapping.
Achievement 2.1.
Representatives from each community forest user groups share the problems they face in the management of forests including medicinal plants. Through resource mapping they evaluate the availability of the medicinal plants in their area and agreed on the appropriate conservation activities needed to the respective community forests.
Achievement 2.2.
They feel the gap of communication among them and identified the need of coordination between the user groups to optimize the benefit of this project.
Achievement 2.3.
The user groups plan to do more meetings and interactions in future as well. Each group emphasized on the need of in situ conservation programs in the MAPs rich community forest and ex situ programs in the community forest having less native medicinal plants but more bare land or marginal lands.
ctivities 3.3. Formation of MAPs monitoring team: Following the commitments done by the community forests groups of Mangtang, Teganche and Tatopani villages of north Chilime in the inception meeting
(November 10, 2006) organized in Thambuchet Chilime, the local communities organized one day, village level workshop in the Mangtang Village on 2nd February 2007. This workshop was done after about three months long gap due to snow fall in the villages, but provided very good opportunities for the forest users to decide what to do next and make them prepare in advance for following years collection of herbs. The workshop was attended by more than 40 community forest users representing six community forests of Brapche, Mangtang, Tetangche, Tatopani, Gongau and Paragaun villages. The workshop was also participated by local NGOs working in different sector of social services. More than fifty percent of women
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Fig. 4 (Left), Fig. 5 (righ)t - Community meeting in Chilime.
Fig. 6. Community Forest User Groups of Mangtang discussing for making MAPs monitoring team
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participants were actively involved in the discussions. This interactive workshop focussed its discussions mainly on the role of community forest user groups, traders, ESON, MSN, FECOFUN, Village Development Committee for the sustainable utilization and conservation of Medicinal plants of Chilime.
Achievement 3.1.
Six community forest user groups, within the core areas of medicinal plants rich habitats in the northern Rasuwa, are very serious on the increasing pressure in their medicinal plants resources of the community forests. These forests are also common grazing place for the yaks and flocks of sheep owned by the people of neighboring VDCs too. So they discussed thoroughly to manage the forest resources by the mutual understandings with the concerned people. Further, they develop plan to formulate rules under the community forest management plan both for the users of own community forest (CF) and other CFs as well. Communities were trying to provide adequate information on the sustainable harvesting, value addition and maintaining the quality of the herbs.
Achievement 3.2.
In the context of comparatively good quantities of medicinal plants in the district, they realized to incorporate medicinal plants in the community forest operation plan and decided to form ‘medicinal plants management and conservation committee’ to take care of the medicinal plants of the community forests.
ctivities 3.4. Conduction of Free Herbal Health cam p and Awareness raising campaigns: Rasuwa district occupying by tall Himlayan peaks is rich in biodiversity and Tamang traditions. Annually more than 10-20,000 foreign tourists
from different parts of world visit this area and number is increasing after the restoration of peace in Nepal. Obviously, the tourists are major source of income for the people inhabiting along the treeking route but the pressure of tourists in the biodiversity is an alarming problem in Rasuwa. Langtang National Park is not only rich in biodiversity but also an unique assemblage of natural beauty. Many small glaciar lakes above 4000 m are attractive destination for the tourists. These lakes, full of crystal clear water, carry both beauty and religious value. Annually more than 50,000 Hindu and Buddhist pilgrims visit this Holly lake. This area is also regarded as the very good zone of medicinal and other alpine plants, and several species are in high threats from the pilgrims. Along the route of lake, collection of herbs during the fair time by the pilgrims is very common. Due to hazardous collection most of the herbs are hardly seen along the route. To raise awarness among the pilgrims and make the people more responsible for developing guardianship of the resources, we had organized “Free Herbal Health Care Camp and Awareness Raising Campaign” from August 25-29, 2007.
Two free herbal health camps were conducted at the height of 3500m in Cholangpati and 4400 m in Gosaikunda near the holy lake. Pilgrims having problems like altitude sickness, headache, leg pains were checked by the herbal doctors and prescribed herbal medicines. Many pilgrims were provided services like massage by herbal oil and paste. The Scouts and Red Cross volunteers were mobilized to check the health condition of the pligrims and take them in the camp if any
serious case found. About 1000 pilgrims were served during the fair. The camp was very successful in terms of getting the positive response of pilgrims and the local peoples as well. Observation during the fair revealed that people are highly concerned in the use of herbal medicines and showed their positive attitude towards the conservation of medicinal plants of Langtang National Park.
Similarly, to reduce the plucking of flowers, collection of plants by pilgrims, and to make the area clean and to provide many useful information about altitude sickness and importance of biodiversity and herbs, we had launched awareness raising campaigns in all over the route from Dhunche to Gosaikunda Lake. The pamphlets printed in the Nepali language were distributed to the pilgrims and attractive posters/banners were sticked/hangged along the route. Pamphlets
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Fig. 8. Providing medication to the pilgrims
Fig. 9. Highly threatened plant Saussurea gossypiphora selling by
hawker to offer God Shiva
Fig. 7. Pilgrims getting free herbal health care in the camp
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and posters tried to dealt in the precautions needed for altitude sickness and some preventive measures for that. Scout volunteers and the staffs of MSN were actively involved in the distribution of the pamphlates to the pilgrims. The half A4 paged pamplets printed in both side made more informative in terms of important imformation on altitude sickness, importance of medicinal herbs and biodiversity conservation of the area, existing threats on the plants of the area from the pilgrims and some important address and phone numbers at the time of emergency. The campaign was organized in close collaboration with Gosaikunda Management Committee, Nepal Army of Dhunche, Scout of Dhunche, and Nepal Red Cross Society, Dhunche.
Achievement
Pilgrims and local people were found more concerned on the conservation of medicinal plants. According to Gosaikunda Fair management committee, the health camp and awareness raising campaign had significant impact on the reduction of collection of plants in the route and increased disposal of wastes in the proper place in this year.
Objective 2. To know the Medicinal plants species availability , their distribution, regeneration, local use, trade and livelihood of local people.
ctivities. 3.5. Community Based Ethnographic Research: The key principle of ESON is to suggest and implement project activities entirely based on the ground realities and nature of the Important medicinal plant areas. Laying in the same
principle, the research team of the project coducted series of ethnobotanical and ecological studies to assess the local uses and trade value of medicinal plants, their population dynamics
and distribution pattern in the study areas. Each study was done based on widely used methodologies, the data were analysed and the result acquired was fitted to the successive activities of the project. Allmost all the studies done were very useful to shape the project activities. The field research was accomplished
by a group of botanists including the Project Coordinator Mr. Ram C. Poudel and two M.Sc students namely, Mr. Kamal Humagain and Ms. Saroj Yadav. The result was widely
discussed and circulated within the ESON expert team, the Project Team Leader Dr. Krishna K. Shrestha and MAP expert Dr. Narendra N. Tiwari. After evaulating the survey result by the expert team of Dr. Shrestha, the result was executed to feedback to the next project activities. All the surveys and studies were parallely conducted along with the implementation of the project and the result of the survey is being used by the research associates Mr. Kamal Humagain and Ms. Saroj Yadav for their partial fulfillment of Master degree course in the form of M. Sc. dissertations. So this project supported two Master
students of the Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan university and built their capacity by giving training in the field. The studies were done involving local partners and taking the active participation of the local communities. Trade data of MAPs and Ethnobotanical use of selective medicinal plants species is given in the Annex V.
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Fig. 11. Consultation with local people
Fig. 12. Community people collecting ethnobotanical knowledge
Fig. 10. Pilgrims collecting plants, (1., 2. Rhododendron anthopogon, 3. Juniperus indica)
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Fig. 13. Community groups involved in the Resource mapping of their CF
Fig. 14. Preparing voucher specimens of collected Medicinal Plants
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Achievement
Ethnobotanical studies and market surveys of the MAPs gathered enormous quantities of primary data useful for every MAPs conservation project of the Northern VDCs of Rasuwa district. Since Chilime is the major trade center of the herbs exported from Rasuwa, this data can be generalized for whole district except the illegal trade from the Langtang National Park. The data provides very clear idea for the certification of herbs that are traded from the community and national forests of the district. Furthermore, this result can be utilized to evaluate annual harvestable quantities of MAPs from the northern VDCs of Rasuwa outside the conservation area.
Objective 3. Raising awareness among local communities for the m anagement of medicinal plants, and encourage them to institutionalize their activities from a single common team (committee) for better communication, coordination and exchange of learning’s on sustainable utilization, management and growing of medicinal her bs.
ctivities 3.6. Institutionalize Community Based Sust ainable Utilization and Conservation of MAPs: Domestic use and trade of medicinal herbs is a long tradition in the Northern VDCs of Rasuwa district. Medicinal plants of the core area is not only the major source of income for the
people inhabiting near the forests but also for the people living in the southern hills of the chilime VDCs. Annually large quantities of medicinal herbs including other Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are harvested from this area. Due to the harzardous collection of the local people, herbs available in the
margin of the forests and cultivated lands such as Acorus calamus L., Asparagus racemosus Willd., Paris polyphylla Sm., Satyrium nepalense D. Don, Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex Fleming) Karsten and Valeriana jatamansii Jones are highly threatened and only found in the margin of well conserved community forests or private forests. Lichens are collected in tons from the forests, so these are now only availabe in the undistrubed and old forests of Abies and Quercus.
Allmost all the herbs are traded unprocessed from the district and traded in the capital city or head north to the Tibetan market. Due to the lack of knowledge on sustainable harvesting, local people collect plants harzardously and grab any thing they get ahead. In one hand such kind of practice has heavily depleted the resources and in other hand they are still not getting proper prices of their resources. Nevertheless, there is a good awareness among the communities about not to collect immature herbs and illegal harvest from other community forest areas. However, due to lack of coordination between the community forests and villagers, immature herbs not collected by the users of corrdinated CFs is either uprooted by the users of the other community forests or the community forest user themselves can’t wait until the maturing of the herbs They know any other person will definitely pick if he/she miss the opportunity. A complete gap of trust between the forest user groups was realized. Apparently such kind of nature among villagers made them difficult to get even the lowest prices of the herbs in the market.
There are many other problems beyond the scope of community forest user groups, like the right and responsibilities of villagers. Sometimes there is a need of understanding or consensus among all the VDCs people over the large watershed or grazing meadows area for which they should discuss with great harmony. In such conditions, where coordination among the local people is needed, people were limiting themselves in not getting the proper knowledge and the benefits. Workshops and meetings organized in November, 2006 and February, 2007 discussed widely the need of VDC level coordination committee representing all the sixteen community forests groups of the Chilime VDC. This committee was supposed to be a common arena for all the villagers to discuss issues on medicinal plants including other isses of social service sectors. As Federation of Community Forests User Groups Nepal (FECOFUN) is one of the colloborating partners of the project, we put forward the formation of a VDC level FECOFUN incorporating of all the sixteen community forests. It was formed on March 12th, 2007 with an extensive discussion and active participation of all the forest users including, political parties representatives, traders, government officials, etc. The chief guest of the program was VDC secretary, while the program facilitator was FECOFUN, National committee member Mr. Pitamabar Bhandari.
A
Fig. 15. Community exercising for the formation of VDC level FECOFUN
Fig. 16. Community Forest representative putting his view on the need of VDC level FECOFUN
10
Achievement 1.
There was a lack of collaboration and sharing of learning’s among the community forest user groups which would be significantly decreased after the formation of VDC level federation. Every events, information, projects and activities present and on-going in the VDC and even in the district will be made available to all the sixteen community forests, that will then later channelized to individual community forest users by the respective community forest representatives.
Achievement 2.
Apart from the decision of individual community forest to manage their forest resources, the VDC level FECOFUN will also suggest appropriate programs for the community forests having similar kinds of resource pattern and assist to raise fund from VDC, DFO, CDO and other organizations working in the development of the forest sector of the district. Any new projects willing to work with community forests will be implemented only after assessing the need of individual community forest in the federation. As possible unnecessary similar type of activities will not be allowed to duplicate. But the success stories/ learning’s of any individual community will be encouraged to replicate in every CFs.
Achievement 3.
In the context of monopoly of individual community forest and their executive bodies in the illegal felling and using the resources, any forest user can complain to the VDC level federation which is then thoroughly discussed and work together to find the solution. The solution made by the federation will then suggested to DFO for further actions. This approach will make every community forest transparent and updated their financial matter including the annual harvest plan of community forests.
Achievement 4.
Forest users are collecting al sorts of quality and grades of the herbs. There is no any uniformity in the collection of similar herbs. People are selling herbs to the traders from whom they took money in advance. So, there is not fair competition in the collection and selling of the herbs. The trade study also showed that herbs collected by the community forest users are not of same quality and they are not getting proper prices even for the best quality materials. The federation will regularly update the market price of the herbs through its central body and ESON as well, so the community forest user groups are building confidence and bargaining capacity of their herbs.
ctivities 3.7. Support Conservation Activites Inside Langtang National Park: ESON is also supporting few of the
medicinal plant conservation initiatives inside the Langtag National Park. There is a close link with the medicinal plants traded from outside national park and illegally collected herbs form the national park. Due to the lack of certification in the origin of the medicinal plants, traders have to take lots of trouble in the park checkpost. Traders sometimes buy illegally harvested herbs from the national park are and mix with the herbs collected from the community forests. Furthermore, people collecting medicinal plants since long tme were prevented to collect herbs after the formation of national park and looking for alternate ways of utilizing herbs. In this regard, series of meeting have been conducted with the national park authorities and supported the medicinal plants growers too. To address this issue,, a half day workshop was organized in Syafrubesi on May 10, 2007 with the representatives of three Bufferzone management councils of Langtang National Park. The workshop was participated by altoghether 25 participants including Plantlife International Program Manager Dr. Alan Hamilton, ESON Allachy project Team Leader Dr. Krishna K. Shrestha, Project coordinator Mr. Ram C. Poudel, MSN President, Mr. Kaisang Tamang and FECOFUN district President Mr. Binod Poudel.
Achievement
Forest users of Buffer zone management councils are seeking to have alternate options in sustainable management of medicinal plants inside National Park. People are allowed to use medicinal plants for domestic purpose, but if park allowed they are ready to take responsibilities of certain areas of National park and manage its resources assuring the in-situ conservaion of threatened species and habitats, and regeneration of medicinal plants as well. People are more likely to grow potential herbs in their marginal lands. Few of the members have already started to grow medicinal herbs in their private land.
A
Fig. 17. Dr. Alan Hamilton and Dr. KK Shrestha discussing with Representative of Buffer zone council of LNP in Syafrubesi.
11
Objective 4. Formation of medicinal plant management and monitor ing team in the village
ctivities 3.8. Formation of village level medicinal plants management team: Different meetings and workshops raise awarness among the communities and user groups are now actively involved in finding better ways of managing and utilizaing their resources. Despite the
formulation of strict rules in the medicinal plants management plan of individual community forests and involvement in the VDC level federation, CF groups came with the idea of formation of medicinal plants monitoring group among the CFs inside the MAPs core area of Chilime VDC. This monitoring team was formed within the 5 CFs of Mangtang, Tetangche, Simbu, Tatopani and Paragaun villages. The team organizes meeting in
every month and keep minuting their decisions. In the meetings they update the situation of medicinal plants in their CFs and workout for the existing problems. Moreover, the group also invite local traders in their meetings and ask them to update the latest price of the herbs, and request to vbuy medicinal plants from the village. The meeting is being handled by Ms. Kabita Ghale, ESONs’ local woman field staff of Tamang background. She regularly inform the progress of the meetings to ESON, MSN and FECOFUN.
Achievement 1.
CFUGs of the monitoring team regularly organize monthly meeting and talk about the sustainable use of the medicinal plats of their community forest. They minute every decision made and circulate it to individual community forest, ESON, MSN and FECOFUN. Collection of the herbs have been scheduled only after complete maturation of the herbs. All the community forests under the team have developed a system of providing collection permit to the collectors. If any villager collect herbs in the unscheduled time and non permitted areas, he/she will be penalized by the team. Every forest user group should collect herbs in the defined time and area. Not any villager can collect herbs from the neighboring village unless with written permission.
Achievement 2.
CFUGs are building confidence and bargaining capacity of their herbs. In the past, they had to travel 2-4 hours from the village down to the road head to sell their herbs. From the beginning of the ESON project and formation of monitoring team, the CFUGs are organized and they invite traders in their monthly meeting and present their commitment to provide quality materials according to the interest of the trader. The trader in turn has to collect herbs from the village and give appropriate price to the herbs based on the latest market value of the respective herbs.
Objective 5. Building capacity of Community Forest User Groups in inventory and assessment of medicinal plants to develop habitat monitoring and annual sustainable harvesting plan
ctivities 3.9. Inventory of CFs: Forests of Chilime VDC are mostly occupied by the sixteen community forests. Community forests are handed over to the local villagers
according to the Forest Act 1993. In the beginning, forest was handed over simply by considering the request of the local villagers. Most of the community forests resource management plans don’t represent the available resources in the community forest and sometimes even the bounderies mentioned in the operation plan doesn’t match in reality. Forest users are collecting herbs from their forest and are not aware
about the actual quantity of the herbs present in their community forest. Though they have arbitrary idea about the resources but they are now realizing the need of quantitative analysis of their resources. District Forest office has also realized the mistakes in most of the operation plans and are ready to correct these
A
A
Fig. 18. CFUGs engaged in the discussions on the management of their resources
Fig.19. Community participants in a monthly meeting
Fig. 20. Training program on inventory of MAPs
Fig. 21. Inventory team heading to the top of the hill
12
in the coming years. To make community forest users capable in the assessment of medicinal plants following simple scientific tactices we organized a half day meeting in Tatopani village on 10 May, 2007 and conducted one week (12-18 May, 2007) long field based training in the Kaltache Community Forest. In a week long duration, community were trained in the major methods of inventory, handling simple measuring tools, herbarium preparation, plant identification, and developing annual harvesting plan.
Resource mapping of Kaltache Forest focussing all the traded
medicinal plants was done with the help of local
people. Based on the map, patches of potential herbs were identified and 1 to 2 hectares sample plots were taken following the distribution range of the patches. In each big plots more than 2-3% of sampling was tried to count the herbs in the 2x2 m plots. Voucher sample of each medicinal herbs counted inside the plots were taken and prepared herbarium specimens. All the
plots are stationed based on the GPS data, so that regular monitoring is possible in future. The data generated are made available to the medicinal plants monitoring team, which is responsible to evaulate the changes.
Achievement.
Community forest users were trained to do inventory of the resources and are encouraged to make annual harvesting plan of all the traded herbs in their community forest. Annual harvesting plan of community forest is making easiness to all the concerned authorities including national park to track the origin of the herbs. Community can make their rotational harvesting system based on the annual regeneration of the herbs in the defined area. The medicinal plants monitoring team of the core area are committed to do inventory of their member CFs in close collaboration with District Forest office wherever possible.
ctivities 3.10. Revise CFs Operation Plan and Develop Annual Harvesting Plan: All the data gathered during the
inventory of the MAPs of the community forest was analysed and incorporated in the operation plan of the community forest. All the analysis was done with the regular assistence of District forest office. Mr. Ghanashyan Dhakal (District forest officer) and Ranger Mr. Prem Sapkota reviewed all the data and authorized it to incorporate under the revised ‘operation plan’. ESON team and DFO office worked more than two weeks to revise the old operation plan of Kaltache forest. The new revised operation plan of the Kaltache Community Forest was provided legitimacy by the DFO in the mid September, 2007.
Achievement
Model operation plan was developed in the district. This operation plan is supposed to be a first model document probably in the country.
Objective 6. Develop appropriate market linkage of wild and cultivated herbs
ctivities 3.11. Develop Market Linkage of MAPs: Trade of medicinal plants is one of the important component of trade items in Rasuwa district. People are collecting herbs since many years
A
A
Fig. 24. MAP of community forests and detailed inventory track, plots and name of the major meadows
Fig. 22. Steeps of the Kaltache CF, rich in medicinal herbs where permanent plot were plotted
Fig. 23.Members of MAPs inventory team
Fig. 25. Road head trader paying to the collector
13
but the quality of the trade is similar as in the past. People collect herbs in what ever quantities they get at the time and sell it to the road head trader in Thambuchet. The economic status of most of the herbs collector is below the poverty line, so nomally they took money in advance from the trader and pay back in the equivalent value of the herbs they sold to the traders. So, the collectors are forced to sell their herb to the same trader from whom they took the money in advance. They easily accept the price value of the herb told by the trader. Collectors hardly bargain for the value of their herbs because they are less aware or mostly unaware about the latest price. Price of the herb entirely depend on the wisdom of the trader. During the time of survey, the collectors were found less concern about the quality of the herbs and took herbs to the trader without grading. So
they got same price for all the herbs sold at a time. In this context, this program had tried to highlight the importance of quality of herb and its value in the market. The CFs herb monitoring team and VDC level federation was very effective to train the communities and pass on the information of value addition to harvesters. Further roadhead traders were also trained to grade the herbs and maintain the quality. To assure the better price herb exporters and retailers were consulted in Kathmandu and developed link with the road head traders of Thambuchet. ESON team has worked as the facilitator by contacting the number of herb exporters in Kathmandu valley and even with the traders of Nepalgunj. From the series of talks, common understanding was made with herb exporters/ retailers of Kathmandu and road head trader of Thambuchet. Farmers having enough herbs can directly come with the traders and sell their MAPs of defined quality mentioned by the trader, and the trader is responsible for paying latest market price of the herbs. This market linkage encouraged many farmers, collectors of the district including road head traders. This market linkage force to provide latest herb price to the collectors by the road head traders at Thambuchet.
Achievement
The communities are now well aware on the quality of the herbs and latest herb prices n the markets. Both the traders and the collectors are trying to initiate fair trade of medicinal plants.
ctivities 3.12. Support and Encourage ex situ Conservation of MAPs: Along with the endorsement and promotion of in situ conservation, this project also help community forest user groups in the in situ
conservation of potential medicinal plants inside the community forests, in private land and marginal lands inside the national park. ESON provided seeds of ‘Chiraito’ (Swertia chirayita) to the farmers of Brapche, Simbu, Mangtang, Tetanche, Tatopani and Gongang
villages. Obviously, the villagers have very limited land to grow their main staple food, and optimum use of available land is crucial for the people to feed their family. Many farmers are now attracted to grow medicinal herbs like Chiraita, Valerian, Asparagus, etc. In the context of limited land and production, people can’t do trial farming of medicinal plants, so
‘Chiraito’ farming in the edge of land was suggested by the project. This practice already got great success in the eastern parts of Nepal and few farmers in Rasuwa have demonstrated its greater significances too. The farmers were well demonstrated and trained, and also regularly monitored from field preparation to sowing of the seeds. They were guided in every activity and prepared in the next procedure. This approach really got success and widely appreciated by the farmers. We have also tried to support some of the medicinal plants nurseries in the village. These nurseries are very good source of locally adapted medicinal herb seeds/seedlings and technically sound
A
Fig. 29. Medicinal plants nursery in Tetangche village
Fig. 28. ESON supported farmer caring his Chiraito saplings
Fig. 26. Herb collectors carrying herb down to Thambuchet
Fig. 27. Spikenard drying at Thambuchet
Fig. 30. Farmer growing Chiraito in the edge/ margin of crop land. Wheat is grown in plain land
14
manpower in growing of herbs. Establishment of medicinal plant nurseries is not new in Rasuwa. District forest office Rasuwa and different projects involved in the afforestation programs and conservation of medicinal plants are most likely to encourage and support local communities in the establishment of nursery to grow fast growing timber and fodder plants including medicinal plants seedlings. Learning from different projects in Nepal showed that seeds and seedlings grown in villages are more adaptive in the local climate and environment of nearby areas. Farmers also got success in getting high yield as well as problems from pests and diseases. Further nurseries in local level are very productive and successful to raise awareness among villagers and encourage them in the in situ as well ex situ conservation of locally threatened plants. The care takers of private nursery and the community forest user groups having their own nursery are knowledgeable on the pre and post germination, regeneration and handling the local pest/disease problems on the targeted plants. These locally available manpower are easy to trained further and can mobilize in the area to extend ex situ programs. Communities are also better convinced in the conservation activities suggested by the local persons in their own language with the live demonstrations. ESON_Allachy project took seeds from the nurseries and supplied to the local farmers. Quantities of seeds and estimated amount of respected farmers’ income are provided in the Annex IV.
Achievement
Community forest users are very excited in growing medicinal plants, resulting minimize pressure on the wild species of herbs. Some of the farmers are really doing well, whose learning can be replicated very easily in the neighboring villages. As a result, from the limited land, people are getting extra income for their household expenses.
Objective 7. Based on the resolution of the first phase of stud y, develop community based Action plan for follow-up project, mainly the in situ and ex situ conservation of MAPs.
ctivities 3.13. Develop follow-up project activitie s: The project wrap up meeting was organized at Thambuchet on 6th September 2007. More than thirty five participants of all the sixteen community forests, representatives from medicinal plants monitoring team, political parties,
traders, herb growers were actively involved in the meeting. This program, organized by FECOFUN Chilime, was conducted by ESON_Allachy project coordinator Ram C. Poudel. All the community represntatives presented their views in the workshops, training and meetings of ESON_Allachy programs. Everybody showed their keen interest towards:
a. extension of the project and suggested the neccessity of similar types of few more training and workshops in some more VDCs.
b. The CFUGs are interested to form more medicinal plants monitoring team in other CFs too, do complete inventory of the MAPs of each CFs and develop annual sustainable harvestable plan.
c. They are also willing to initiate local level herb processing unit in the village, and revise the operation and management plans of all the CFUGs
d. Increase medicinal plants domestication in every villages including marginal lands of community forests and making VDC level FECOFUN more collaborative, effective and transparent.
e. Furthermore, they found imperative to establish medicinal plants nurseries at least one between two villages and develop certification system for every quantities of herbs exported from the village.
Achievement
Community forest users are organized in ESON project area and have good vision on how to conduct both in situ and ex situ conservation programs in the village. They are very active and dedicated in the sustainable use and conservation of the resources available with them. A culture of collaboration has been developed among the communities.
A
31. Parties representative putting view on MAPs conservation in the VDC
Fig. 32. CF representative sharing her views on the effectiveness of ESON programs
15
4. Follow-up Works
1. Establishment and strengthening of Plant Information Centre in Dhunche (Annex VII).
2. Identification of Important Plant Areas (IPA) of commercially threatened medicinal plants, and study its population dynamics establishing long-term research plots inside the protected area and the buffer zone.
3. In-situ conservation of threatened flowering plants, with emphasis on medicinal plants and endemic plants, in the threatened habitats within the core area of the Langtang National Park and the Buffer zones.
4. Encourage local communities, especially the farmers, extremely poor and marginalized people of Rasuwa in the domestication of high value commercially potential medicinal plants in the community forests and marginalized/waste lands.
5. Continuation of organizing further trainings and workshops to raise public awareness in the identification, documentation, assessment, monitoring and conservation of the threatened plants and habitats.
5. Way forward
This project launched by ESON is funded by Plantlife International for one year (September 2006 to August 2006). The collaborative work initiated by ESON and deep rooted two local organizations got great success to motivate the communities in initiating sustainable management and conservation of the medicinal plants of northern Rasuwa. Despite busy schedule of seasonal farming and limited working days (due to long persistent snow in winter and continuous rain in summer), local people actively involved in the series of interactions, meetings and trainings organized by the project and medicinal plants group formed by them. Various programs implemented by the project are appreciated widely by District level government and non government organizations and indeed by the overwhelming participation of local communities. In this regard, the achievements of the project, such as formation of VDC level FECOFUN, medicinal plants monitoring team of six CFs in Tetangche and Tatopani area, formation of model operation plan of Kaltache CF (probably with new concept in Nepal), supporting ex situ conservation and increasing attention of local people in the guardianship of their forest resources etc. are evaluated very positively by District Forest office, Rasuwa, Langtang National Park (LNP), District level FECOFUN, political parties and communities themselves.
To maximize the effectiveness of conservation measures, local communities of Chilime are very keen to continue the project activities in the VDC as well as extend this project in neighboring community forest areas of Gatlang and Thuman village development committees, as well as Langtang VDC in phase wise manner.
As there is a higher possibilities of medicinal plants collection in northern Chilime by the neighboring VDCs Gatlang and Thuman, the project evaluation meeting organized by FECOFUN Chilime and MSN in Thambuchet (6 September 07) was significant. It emphasized the need of formation of Gatlang and Thuman FECOFUN, initiate medicinal monitoring group in those VDCs and collaborate with the VDC level FECOFUN and respective village level monitoring groups between the VDCs. The invited CFs representatives of Gatlang and Thuman too showed their strong interest in the formation of VDC level FECOFUN and collaboration with the Chilime FECOFUN and medicinal plants monitoring team depending upon the easiness for local villagers.
All three VDCs Chilime, Gatlang and Thuman requested the ESON_Allachy Project to extend the project duration and conduct same type of activities like capacity building of the local communities in the sustainable harvesting and management of medicinal plants in the CFs. Similarly, trainings on the MAPs inventory and nursery managements, support in certifying medicinal herbs from CFs and national park, and develop more linkages with the traders and exporters of Kathmandu and Indian border, etc. hve been appreciated. Furthermore, District forest office, Rasuwa is very concerned in the conservation activities conducted by ESON_Allachy project. Evaluating the progress on conservation and local peoples’ participation in the management of community forest resources, DFO also wanted to continue this project. DFO and Langtang National Park Authority is particularly interested to collaborate with ESON and its local partners in the certification of medicinal plants through detailed inventory done as in Kaltache Community Forest, development of annual sustainable harvesting plan and encourage communities to grow highly threatened medicinal plants in their CFs.
16
Annex – I
Project Team members
Top Row From Left to Right – Mr. Ram C. Poudel (Project coordinator), Ms. Sangeeta Rajbhandary (Treasurer ESON), Mr. Kaisang Tamang – Local collaborator (President MSN), Prof. Krishna K. Shrestha – Project leader (President ESON), Dr. Narendra N. Tiwari (Vice-President-ESON), Ms. Ila Shrestha (Joint Secretary ESON) Bottom Row From Left to Right – Mr. Binod Poudel – Local collaborator (President FECOFUN-Rasuwa), Mr. Kamal Humagain (Research Assistant), Ms.Saroj Yadav (Research Assistant), Mr. Yagya Rokaya (Field Assistant – MSN)
17
Ann
ex –
II
Tab
le 1
. Act
ivit
ies
Fra
mew
ork
SN
A
ctiv
ities
P
artic
i-pa
nts
Tar
gete
d gr
oup
Uni
t D
ate
Ven
ue
Ass
umpt
ions
In
dica
tors
R
emar
ks
1 Li
tera
ture
re
view
/Sta
keho
lder
A
naly
sis/
sel
ectio
n
FE
CO
FU
N
NA
F
US
C N
epal
EC
AR
DS
S
ept-
Oct
o ,
06
Id
entif
icat
ion
of
stro
ng lo
cal
part
ners
.
Lite
ratu
re s
urve
y re
port
C
heck
list o
f po
ssib
le
stak
ehol
ders
FE
CO
FU
N
was
se
en a
s st
rong
co
llabo
rato
r
2 P
relim
inar
y da
ta
gath
erin
g 2
Loca
l com
mun
ities
of
Ras
uwa
7 da
ys
Sep
tem
ber,
06
In
side
Nat
iona
l par
k
Sel
ectio
n of
pri
ority
ar
eas
and
com
mun
ity f
or M
Ps
cons
erva
tion
Rep
ort f
rom
the
team
mem
bers
K
amal
and
S
aroj
's V
isit
3 F
irst f
ield
vi
sit/S
take
hold
er m
eetin
g 3
ES
ON
team
F
EC
OF
UN
4
days
O
ctob
er, 0
6 C
hilim
e ar
ea
Iden
tific
atio
n of
st
rong
loca
l pa
rtne
rs a
nd
prio
ritie
s ac
tiviti
es.
Firs
t fie
ld v
isit
repo
rt
Pre
limin
ary
disc
ussi
on a
nd
cons
ensu
s be
twee
n M
SN
, F
EC
OF
UN
and
ES
ON
→ R
am C
, K
amal
and
B
inod
's v
isit
→
MS
N w
as
iden
tifie
d sa
s se
cond
str
ong
colla
bora
tor
4 P
lann
ing
wor
ksho
p/In
tera
ctio
n
40
ES
ON
- T
eam
(8)
F
EC
OF
UN
(1)
M
anek
or (
3)
CF
UG
s (5
)
Pol
tical
par
titie
s (8
)
One
R
epre
sent
ativ
es o
f C
DO
, LD
O,
DF
O/R
ange
r,
War
den/
Ran
ger,
D
SP
, Maj
or o
f the
A
rmy,
US
C/N
epal
, N
AF
, Sea
rch
Nep
al,
1 da
y 9-
Nov
-06
Dhu
nche
DD
C H
all
Thi
s w
orks
hop
will
cr
eate
aw
aren
ess
and
frie
ndly
w
orki
ng
envi
ronm
ent i
n th
e di
stric
t bet
wee
n al
l th
e re
late
d sa
keho
lder
s/lin
e ag
enci
es
Dis
tric
t lev
el in
tera
ctio
n pr
ogra
m
List
of
issu
es r
egar
ding
m
edic
inal
pla
nt c
onse
rvat
ion
and
sust
aina
ble
utili
zatio
n in
R
asuw
a
→ T
his
is m
ore
data
ac
cum
ulat
ing
info
rmal
mee
ting
5 K
ey s
take
hold
er m
eetin
g 16
War
den/
rang
er(2
),
DF
O/r
ange
r (2
),
ES
ON
team
(8)
, F
EC
OF
UN
(1)
, M
AN
EK
OR
(3)
C
DO
, LD
O
4 H
r.
4PM
-7P
M
9 N
ovem
ber,
20
06
Gue
st H
ouse
Will
com
pile
all
the
issu
es r
aise
d in
the
day
wor
ksho
p an
d de
velo
p pr
ogrm
pr
ogra
ms
acco
rdin
g to
the
cons
ent
and
reco
mm
enda
tions
of
DF
O, W
arde
n
Con
sens
us o
n is
sues
rai
sed
on
day
inte
ract
ion
6 P
artn
er o
rgan
izat
ions
m
eetin
g 7
ES
ON
team
(5)
, F
EC
OF
UN
(1)
, M
AN
EK
OR
(1)
2-
4 H
r.
9 N
ovem
ber,
20
06
Dhu
nche
, Man
ekor
/F
EC
OF
UN
off
ice
Dev
elop
pa
rtic
ipat
ory
prog
ram
, F
EC
OF
UN
and
Fin
aliz
atio
n of
the
Pro
ject
ac
tiviti
es
18
SN
A
ctiv
ities
P
artic
i-pa
nts
Tar
gete
d gr
oup
Uni
t D
ate
Ven
ue
Ass
umpt
ions
In
dica
tors
R
emar
ks
MS
N w
ill a
lso
sugg
est p
rogr
am
activ
ities
7 P
roje
ct I
ncep
tion
mee
ting
50
ES
ON
team
(8)
F
ield
Sta
ff (
1)
M
anek
or (
2)
FE
CO
FU
N (
1)
C
FU
Gs
(5x5
)
T
rade
rs (
5)
C
ivil
soci
ety
(5)
1 da
y 10
N
ovem
ber,
20
06
Chi
lime,
at C
hilim
e he
alth
pos
t
Thi
s in
cept
ion
mee
ting
will
ret
riev
e th
e co
mm
uniti
es
inte
rest
on
MP
s an
d al
so g
athe
r ex
istin
g co
nser
vatio
n ac
tiviti
es,
→ R
esou
rce
map
ping
of
sele
cted
Com
mun
ity f
ores
ts
→
Und
erst
and
com
mun
ity's
in
tere
st r
egar
ding
med
icin
al
plan
t man
agem
ent i
nsid
e C
F
→ F
urth
er fi
naliz
ing
the
proj
ect
activ
ities
→ T
his
mee
ting
w
ill k
now
in
tere
st o
f co
mm
unity
and
th
eir
prio
rity
med
icin
al p
lant
s
→ P
rovi
de
actu
al
info
rmat
ion
on
trad
e of
MP
s in
th
e ar
ea a
s w
ell
as d
omes
tic u
se
of M
Ps
8 F
ield
ass
ista
nt
recr
uitm
ent
1 Lo
cal p
eopl
e 10
m
onth
s
from
15
Nov
embe
r,
2006
C
hilim
e
Rec
ruitm
ent o
f fie
ld s
taff
bas
ed
on C
hilim
e by
Man
ekor
Fem
ale
Tam
ang
cand
idat
e ha
ving
se
cond
ary
leve
l ed
ucat
ion
for
ten
mon
ths
9 M
arke
t lin
kage
de
velo
pmen
t
Tra
ders
, DF
O, M
AP
fa
rmer
s, c
omm
unity
fo
rest
use
r gr
oups
Who
le p
roje
ct
peri
od
Ras
uwa
Dev
elop
men
t of
su
stai
nabl
e M
arke
t ch
anne
l of
MA
Ps
S
usta
inab
le m
arke
t lin
kage
,
10
Fie
ld v
isit
6
ES
ON
team
(3)
F
ield
ass
ista
nt (
1)
FE
CO
FU
N (
1)
Man
ekor
(1)
Com
mun
ity
repr
esen
tativ
es
7 da
ys
11
Nov
embe
r,
2006
Chi
lime,
at t
he
wor
king
site
, in
each
CF
s, a
nd
Use
rs v
illag
e
Thi
s co
mm
unity
pa
rtic
ipat
ory
field
vi
sit
will
gat
her
all
the
field
info
rmat
ion
of in
divi
dual
C
FU
Gs
as w
ell a
s M
Ps
rela
ted
activ
ities
in a
nd o
ut
of th
e C
hilim
e V
DC
→ C
ross
ver
ifica
tion
of d
ata
gath
ered
dur
ing
reso
urce
m
appi
ng
→
Rep
ort o
n fie
ld v
isits
→ F
ield
vis
it is
m
ainl
y co
ncen
trat
ed to
ve
rify
the
info
rmat
ion
gath
ered
in
proj
ect i
ncep
tion
mee
ting →
V
erifi
catio
n an
d cr
oss
chec
king
of
Res
ourc
e m
appi
ng
11
Aw
aren
ess
risin
g pr
ogra
m/tr
aini
ng
15-3
0
ES
ON
team
(1
or 2
)
F
ield
ass
ista
nt (
1)
FE
CO
FU
N (
1)
Man
ekor
(1)
C
FU
Gs
(20-
25)
1 da
y D
ecem
ber
2006
(13
-15,
M
angs
ir)
Chi
lime/
Lan
gtan
g N
atio
nal p
ark
Thi
s pr
ogra
m w
ill
mak
e co
mm
uniti
es
mor
e in
tere
sted
an
d ac
tive
in o
ur
prog
ram
esp
ecia
lly
to f
orm
MP
s m
anag
emen
t cor
e te
am
→ S
hort
inte
ract
ion
prog
ram
in
Man
gtan
g
→ F
orm
atio
n of
Med
icin
al
Pla
nts
Cor
e T
eam
from
the
area
→
Act
ive
invo
lvem
ent
of M
SN
&
FE
CO
FU
N to
for
m th
e co
re
team
and
mob
iliza
tion
of it
s st
affs
to m
onito
r, s
tren
gthe
n co
re te
ams
a
→ T
he p
rogr
am
will
mai
nly
focu
s on
cre
atin
g aw
aren
ess
in
com
mun
ity
rega
rdin
g M
P
cons
erva
tion,
su
stai
nabl
e ut
iliza
tion.
→ T
wo
19
SN
A
ctiv
ities
P
artic
i-pa
nts
Tar
gete
d gr
oup
Uni
t D
ate
Ven
ue
Ass
umpt
ions
In
dica
tors
R
emar
ks
prog
ram
s ea
ch
in C
hilim
e an
d N
atio
nal p
ark
area
will
be
cond
ucte
d bu
t th
e na
ture
will
be
com
plet
ely
diff
eren
t.
12
Aw
aren
ess
risin
g pr
ogra
m/tr
aini
ng
15-3
0
ES
ON
team
(1
or 3
)
F
ield
ass
ista
nt (
1)
FE
CO
FU
N (
1)
Man
ekor
(1)
C
FU
Gs
(20-
25)
1 da
y F
eb/M
arch
, 20
07 (
23,
Pha
lgun
)
Chi
lime/
Lan
gtan
g N
atio
nal p
ark
→ T
his
prog
ram
will
m
ake
com
mun
ities
m
ore
inte
rest
ed
and
activ
e in
our
pr
ogra
m e
spec
ially
to
for
m M
Ps
man
agem
ent c
ore
team
→
Peo
ple
will
kn
owle
dgea
ble
on
reso
urce
ow
ners
hip
and
guar
dian
ship
→ S
hort
inte
ract
ion
prog
ram
ag
ain
in M
angt
ang
or in
T
atop
ani a
rea
base
d on
the
achi
evem
ent o
f firs
t aw
aren
ess
risin
g ac
tiviti
es in
Man
gtan
g
→
For
mat
ion
of M
edic
inal
P
lant
s C
ore
Tea
m fr
om th
e ar
ea
Act
ive
invo
lvem
ent
of
MS
N &
FE
CO
FU
N
→ T
his
prog
ram
w
ill b
e de
sign
ed
by F
EC
OF
UN
→
The
pro
gram
w
ill fo
cus
on
reso
urce
ow
ners
hip
and
guar
dian
ship
am
ong
com
mun
ities
.
→ T
wo
prog
ram
s ea
ch
in C
hilim
e an
d N
atio
nal p
ark
area
will
be
cond
ucte
d bu
t th
e na
ture
will
be
com
plet
ely
diff
eren
t.
13
Est
ablis
h In
form
atio
n ce
ntre
CF
UG
s,
Gov
ernm
ent
offic
ials
, S
chol
ars,
R
esea
rche
rs,
Pilg
rims,
Tou
rists
, H
erba
l sta
keho
lder
s
Est
ablis
h in
M
arch
and
fo
rmal
ly o
pen
in M
ay 4
?
Dhu
nche
Info
rmat
ion
Cen
tre
will
be
esta
blis
hed
in D
hunc
he in
co
ordi
natio
n w
ith
Dis
tric
t lev
el
gove
rnm
ent
offic
ials
(D
DC
, LD
O, D
FO
, LN
P)
etc
and
othe
r co
ncer
ned
stak
ehol
ders
Info
rmat
ion
Cen
ter
in D
hunc
he
In th
e pr
oces
s of
es
tabl
ishm
ent
20
SN
A
ctiv
ities
P
artic
i-pa
nts
Tar
gete
d gr
oup
Uni
t D
ate
Ven
ue
Ass
umpt
ions
In
dica
tors
R
emar
ks
14
Sup
port
ex
situ
act
iviti
es
(sup
ply
Chi
raito
see
ds)
Com
mun
ity f
ores
ts
of T
etan
gche
, T
atop
ani,
Gon
ggau
n, S
imbu
, B
rapc
he, M
angt
ang
Vill
age
M
ay, 2
007
-
Com
mun
ity p
eopl
e w
ill g
row
‘Chi
raito
’ in
thei
r m
argi
nal
land
s, c
omm
unity
fo
rest
s an
d m
argi
ns
of a
gric
ultu
re la
nds
Num
ber
of c
omm
unity
for
est
user
s in
volv
ed in
gro
win
g M
AP
s
Loca
lly g
row
n C
hira
ito s
eeds
w
ill b
e di
strib
uted
15
Fie
ld b
ased
Res
ourc
e In
vent
ory/
trai
ning
15
of
one
CF
+15=
30
ES
ON
team
(7)
F
ield
ass
ista
nt (
1)
FE
CO
FU
N (
1)
Man
ekor
(1)
15 p
eopl
e fr
om e
ach
CF
12 d
ays
May
, 15,
20
07 (
Firs
t of
Je
stha
)
Man
gtan
g &
T
etan
che
com
mun
ity f
ores
ts
Thi
s ac
tivity
will
as
sess
com
plet
e fig
ure
of M
Ps
avai
labl
e in
side
ea
ch p
ocke
t CF
s
Det
aile
d in
form
atio
n on
M
edic
inal
pla
nts
of th
e in
vent
orie
d C
Fs
Thi
s 12
day
s pr
ogra
m w
ill b
e co
nduc
ted
in
two
CF
s (M
angt
ang
and
Tet
anch
e) t
akin
g 5
peo
ple
from
ea
ch C
F.
- P
urel
y re
sear
ch ty
pe
activ
ity w
ill b
e co
nduc
ted
in
Lang
tang
N
atio
nal P
ark.
16
Dev
elop
men
t of
op
erat
ion
plan
of 5
co
mm
uniti
es
-
ES
ON
team
F
ield
ass
ista
nt
FE
CO
FU
N
Man
ekor
5 pe
ople
from
eac
h C
F
DF
O
Ran
ger
1 m
onth
M
ay/J
une,
20
07 (
Je
stha
/Asa
r)
Chi
lime/
Dhu
nche
Thi
s pr
ogra
m w
ill
mak
e de
tail
Ope
ratio
n pl
an o
f at
le
ast
five
com
mun
ity f
ores
t us
er g
roup
s
Upd
ated
/new
Ope
ratio
n P
lan
of
activ
e/po
tent
ial C
F
Thi
s fu
nd w
ill b
e pr
ovid
ed o
nly
for
thos
e co
mm
unity
fo
rest
peo
ple
who
act
ivel
y in
volv
e in
the
MP
cor
e te
am
and
cont
ribut
e in
m
akin
g op
erat
ion
plan
.
17
Mee
ting
with
Buf
ferz
one
com
mitt
ees
of L
angt
ang
Nat
iona
l Par
k
MS
N a
nd
Buf
ferz
one
coun
cils
H
alf d
ay
May
S
yafr
ubes
i
Thi
s m
eetin
g w
ill
asse
ss th
e on
goin
g co
nser
vatio
n ac
tiviti
es d
one
by
the
com
mitt
ees
insi
de n
atio
nal
park
s
To
know
the
inte
rest
of
com
mitt
ees
in b
oth
is s
itu a
nd e
x si
tu
cons
erva
tion
of
MA
PS
- F
ew in
tere
sted
far
mer
s ca
me
up w
ith p
ropo
sals
in g
row
ing
herb
s
- R
eady
to w
ork
in a
team
21
SN
A
ctiv
ities
P
artic
i-pa
nts
Tar
gete
d gr
oup
Uni
t D
ate
Ven
ue
Ass
umpt
ions
In
dica
tors
R
emar
ks
18
MP
s S
usta
inab
le
harv
estin
g, v
alue
ad
ditio
n tr
aini
ng,
110
HH
ES
ON
team
(7)
F
ield
ass
ista
nt (
1)
FE
CO
FU
N (
1)
Man
ekor
(1)
HH
rep
rese
ntat
ive
from
110
HH
, CF
UG
us
ers
3 M
ay/J
une
2007
(B
hadr
a)
Chi
lime,
In e
ach
com
mun
ity
fore
sts/
villa
ge
Thi
s fie
ld b
ased
tr
aini
ng c
um
orie
ntat
ion
clas
s w
ill m
ake
loca
l pe
ople
ed
ucat
e/aw
are
on
sust
aina
ble
harv
estin
g an
d va
lue
addi
tion
on
the
med
icin
al p
lant
s
→ C
omm
unity
invo
lvem
ent i
n th
e tr
aini
ng
→ C
omm
unity
inte
rest
in th
e us
e of
sus
tain
able
har
vest
ing
tool
s an
d te
chni
ques
→ P
rogr
am
mat
eria
ls a
lso
incl
udes
ha
rves
ting
tool
s.
A c
ompl
ete
set
of to
ols
will
be
dona
ted
to a
ll fiv
e C
FU
Gs
afte
r or
ient
atio
n tr
aini
ng
19
Pro
gram
ev
alua
tion/
Mon
itorin
g 4
ES
ON
team
(1)
FE
CO
FU
N (
1)
Man
ekor
(1)
4
July
, 200
7 C
hilim
e
Eva
luat
e an
d m
onito
r pr
ogra
m
achi
evem
ents
and
ac
tiviti
es.
Eva
luat
ion
repo
rt
20
Com
mun
ities
fee
dbac
k co
llect
ion
mee
ting
60
ES
ON
team
(4)
F
ield
ass
ista
nt (
1)
FE
CO
FU
N (
1)
Man
ekor
(1)
CF
UG
s re
pres
enta
tive
T
rade
rs
Civ
il so
ciet
y
M
othe
r gr
oups
C
lubs
1 Ju
ly, 2
007
Chi
lime/
Lan
gtan
g N
atio
nal
Par
k
Dev
elop
follo
w u
p pr
ojec
t act
iviti
es
base
d on
the
com
mun
ities
in
tere
st a
nd
lear
ning
from
the
proj
ect.
Fee
dbac
ks fr
om c
omm
unity
for
follo
w u
p pr
ojec
t
→ T
his
one
day
feed
back
co
llect
ion
mee
ting
will
en
tirel
y co
mm
unity
pa
rtic
ipat
ory.
→ T
his
prog
ram
w
ill a
lso
be
cond
ucte
d in
La
ngta
ng N
P.
21
Fre
e he
rbal
hea
lth c
are
cam
p
P
ilgrim
s an
d to
uris
t
Aug
ust 2
5-29
La
ngta
ng N
atio
nal
Par
k A
rea
Ris
e aw
aren
ess
amon
g pi
lgrim
s an
d lo
cal c
omm
uniti
es
in th
e im
port
ance
of
herb
s in
side
the
Nat
iona
l par
k
- D
ecre
ase
in th
e ha
zard
ous
colle
ctio
n of
MA
Ps
on th
e w
ay
to G
osai
kund
a la
ke a
nd it
s su
rrou
ndin
g.
Will
be
cond
ucte
d in
co
llabo
ratio
n w
ith F
EC
OF
UN
, M
SN
, Nat
iona
l P
ark,
Nep
al
Sco
uts,
Nep
al
Arm
y,
Goa
siku
nda
deve
lopm
ent
Com
mitt
ee
22
SN
A
ctiv
ities
P
artic
i-pa
nts
Tar
gete
d gr
oup
Uni
t D
ate
Ven
ue
Ass
umpt
ions
In
dica
tors
R
emar
ks
22
Gos
ikun
da tr
ail C
lean
ing
cam
paig
ns
P
ilgrim
s, lo
cal
peop
le
A
ugus
t La
ngta
ng N
atio
nal
Par
k ar
ea
Incr
ease
d du
mpi
ng
of w
aste
in th
e al
loca
ted
plac
e al
ong
the
Gos
aiku
nda
trai
l an
d ar
ound
the
lake
R
ise
awar
ness
in
the
impo
rtan
ce
biod
iver
sity
of
natio
nal p
ark
- V
ery
satis
fact
ory
supp
ort f
rom
th
e pi
lgrim
s
23
Dis
tric
t lev
el f
eedb
ack
colle
ctio
n w
orks
hop/
Inte
ract
ion
40
ES
ON
- T
eam
(8)
F
EC
OF
UN
(1)
M
anek
or (
3)
CF
UG
s (5
)
Pol
tical
par
titie
s (8
)
One
R
epre
sent
ativ
es o
f C
DO
, LD
O,
DF
O/R
ange
r,
War
den/
Ran
ger,
D
SP
, Maj
or o
f the
A
rmy,
US
C/N
epal
, N
AF
, Sea
rch
Nep
al,
1 da
y A
ugus
t, 20
07
Dhu
nche
DD
C H
all
→ T
his
full
day
w
orks
hop
will
di
ssem
inat
e/sh
are
proj
ect
achi
evem
ents
, le
arni
ng's
and
pr
oble
ms
face
d.
→
Col
lect
mor
e fe
edba
cks
from
m
ajor
st
akeh
olde
r/lin
e ag
enci
es t
o m
ake
follo
w u
p pr
ojec
t ac
tiviti
es s
ugge
sted
by
loca
l
Inte
ract
ion
wor
ksho
p in
D
hunc
he
→ T
his
mee
ting
will
be
a go
od
exer
cise
to
mak
e fo
llow
up
proj
ect r
ealis
tic
25
Reg
ular
com
mun
ity
mee
ting
Fie
ld a
ssis
tant
(1)
M
SN
F
EC
OF
UN
E
SO
N (
som
e tim
es)
M
Ps
coor
dina
tion
com
met
tee
mem
bers
2-3
hr in
ea
ch
mon
ths
for
10
mon
ths
C
hilim
e
Thi
s re
gula
r m
eetin
g co
nduc
ted
by fi
eld
assi
stan
t w
ill w
ork
on
gath
erin
g of
loca
l is
sues
on
MP
s an
d de
velo
p a
good
M
Ps
mon
itorin
g sy
stem
bet
wee
n C
Fs
invo
lved
in th
e co
mm
ittee
Com
mun
ity m
eetin
gs a
nd
min
utin
g in
the
regi
ster
s pr
ovid
ed b
y E
SO
N
Thi
s m
eetin
g w
ill
also
info
rm
com
mun
ities
ab
out f
utur
e pr
ogra
ms
and
mak
e th
em
read
y fo
r it.
24
Fin
al r
epor
t pre
para
tion
and
subm
issi
on
3 E
SO
N -
Tea
m (
3)
1 m
onth
A
ugus
t, 20
07
Kat
hman
du
Dev
elop
exc
elle
nt
proj
ect r
epor
t F
inal
rep
ort
23
Ann
ex –
III
Tab
le 2
. Loc
al u
se o
f Med
icin
al P
lant
in G
atla
ng, C
hilim
e an
d T
hum
an V
illag
e D
evel
opm
ent C
omm
ittee
of
Ras
uwa
(Yad
av, 2
007)
SN
N
ame
of S
peci
es
Loca
l
Nam
e/T
aman
g
nam
e (T
)
Fam
ily
Pan
ts
Use
d U
ses
Nam
e of
Pla
ce
Mod
e of
Use
1.
A
coni
tum
fero
x W
all.e
x
Ser
inge
B
ikh
(T)
Ran
uncu
lace
ae
Roo
t U
ric a
cid,
orth
opae
dic
use
Chi
lime
Thu
man
P
aste
2.
A
risae
ma
flavu
m
(For
ssk.
) S
chot
t. S
arpa
ko M
akai
A
race
ae
Roo
t
tube
rs,
flow
ers
Sto
mac
h pa
in
Chi
lime,
Thu
man
P
aste
and
Jui
ce
3.
A
naph
alis
cont
orat
a(D
.Don
)Hoo
k.f.
B
uki p
hul
Com
posi
tae
Flo
wer
, lea
f
Che
st p
ain,
inne
r
blee
ding
G
atla
ng
Juic
e
4.
A
spar
agus
rac
emos
us
Will
d.
Kur
ilo k
omo,
Kob
i (T
) Li
liace
ae
Roo
t F
erm
enta
tion,
diar
rhoe
a fe
ver
toni
c C
hilim
e, T
hum
an
Pas
te
5.
A
stilb
e riv
ular
is B
uch.
-
Ham
.ex
D.D
on
Thu
loau
sadi
S
axifr
agac
eae
Roo
t/lea
f M
enst
rual
dis
orde
r C
hilim
e P
aste
6.
*A
coni
tum
spi
catu
m
(Bru
hl).
Sta
pf.
Bik
ma,
Bin
gma,
Nya
men
,
Bis
hjar
a (T
)
Ran
uncu
lace
ae
R
oot
Poi
son,
join
t pai
n
and
stom
ach
Dis
orde
r of
ani
mal
s,
Fev
er
3 V
DC
s Ju
ice
Pas
te
7.
A
rtem
esia
indi
ca W
illd.
Tite
pati
Sur
chen
t (T
) C
ompo
sita
e Le
af a
nd
stem
Fev
er, r
emov
e ta
pe
wor
m
Chi
lime,
Gat
lang
Ju
ice
8.
*A
coru
s ca
lam
us L
. S
eda
(T)
Ara
ceae
R
hizo
me,
leaf
Cou
gh/c
oal,
inse
ctic
ide
3 V
DC
s P
aste
9.
B
erbe
ris a
siat
ica
Rox
b.ex
.DC
.
Chu
tro
Yan
sing
ba (
T)
Ber
berid
acea
e S
tem
E
ye p
ain
Chi
lime
Pow
der
24
10.
Ber
beris
aris
tata
DC
. Y
ansi
ngba
(T
) B
erbe
ridac
eae
Roo
t F
ever
T
hum
an
Pas
te
11.
Ber
beris
aris
tata
DC
. C
hutr
o B
erbe
ridac
eae
Ste
m
Sw
ellin
g pa
in
Gat
lang
P
aste
12.
*Ber
geni
e ci
liata
(H
aw.)
Ste
rnb.
Pak
hanv
ed
Bra
sen
(T)
Sax
ifrag
acea
e S
tem
roo
t E
ye p
ain,
cut
and
wou
nds
of a
nim
al
3 V
DC
s P
aste
13.
*Bos
chni
akia
him
alai
ca
Hoo
k.&
Tho
mso
n ex
Hoo
k.f.
Tho
mas
in,
Kan
gdol
(T
) O
roba
ncha
ceae
Le
af
Gas
tric
G
atla
ng
Pow
der
14.
Bis
tort
a af
finis
(D
.Don
)
Gre
ene
Mua
kui (
T)
Pol
ygon
acea
ce
Roo
t lea
f D
iarr
hoea
/
dyse
nter
y C
hilim
e P
aste
15.
Can
nabi
s sa
tiva
L.
Wan
g, S
ima
ganj
a (T
) C
anna
bace
ae
Ste
m
Sto
mac
h pa
in
3 V
DC
s R
aw
16.
*Cor
dyce
ps s
inen
sis
(Ber
k.)
Sac
e
Yar
shag
umba
H
ypoc
erea
ceac
W
hole
plan
t T
onic
3
VD
Cs
Juic
e/ P
aste
17.
Cin
nam
omum
tam
ala
(Buc
h.-H
am.)
Nee
s
&E
berm
.
Sin
gdin
g (T
) La
urac
eae
Leaf
bar
k V
omiti
ng
3 V
DC
s P
aste
18.
*Dac
tylo
rhiz
a ha
tagi
rea
(D.D
on)
Soo
O
mpo
lakp
a (T
) O
rchi
dace
ae
Roo
t tub
ers
Hea
l wou
nds,
cut
s
and
burn
s, s
tom
ach
pain
3 V
DC
s P
aste
19.
*Del
phin
ium
him
alay
ai
Mun
z
Nirm
ansi
Bon
gmar
(T
) R
anuc
ulac
eae
Roo
t F
ever
, hea
dach
e,
coug
h/co
ld
3 V
DC
s P
aste
20.
Dio
scor
ea d
elto
idea
Wal
l.ex.
Gris
eb.
Bhy
akur
D
iosc
orea
ceae
R
oot
Wor
m
Thu
man
P
aste
21.
Eph
edra
ger
adia
na
Wal
l.ex.
Sta
pf.
Som
lata
E
phed
race
ae
Ste
m
Ast
hma
3 V
DC
s Ju
ice
22.
Ent
ada
rhee
dei
Spr
eng
. P
angr
am (
T)
Mim
osac
eae
Who
le
Pai
n re
lief o
f bon
e G
atla
ng
Pas
te
25
plan
t
23.
Eup
ator
ium
aden
opho
um
Spr
eng.
B
anm
ara
Com
posi
tae
Leaf
C
uts/
wou
nds
Gat
lang
Ju
ice
24.
Fra
xinu
s fo
lribu
ndan
Wal
l. K
ipsi
l (T
) O
leac
eae
Leaf
B
ody
pain
C
hilim
e T
hum
an
Ju
ice
25.
*Frit
tela
ria c
irrho
sa D
.
Don
K
akol
i, bi
mo
(T)
Lilia
ceae
W
hole
plan
t
Gas
tric
/ sto
mac
h
pain
C
hilim
e P
aste
26.
Pte
ris b
iaur
ita L
. R
atou
nyu
Asc
lepe
diac
eae
Roo
t A
aunp
arek
o C
hilim
e, G
atla
ng,
Thu
man
P
aste
27.
Ger
aniu
m s
p.
Gur
ije,
San
gmen
(T
) G
eran
iace
ae
Roo
t C
uts/
wou
nds
Gat
lang
P
aste
28.
Gen
tiana
cap
itata
Buc
h.-
Ham
. ex
D.D
on
Pan
genn
omta
(T)
Gen
tiana
ceae
W
hole
plan
t
Poi
soni
ng a
nd
diar
rhoe
a G
atla
ng
Pas
te
29.
Hip
poph
ae s
alic
ifolia
D.D
on
Dal
aech
uk
Ela
egna
cae
Fru
its
Cou
gh, g
astr
ic,
wom
en m
enst
rual
diso
rder
Gat
lang
Chi
lime
Pas
te
30.
Hip
poph
ae ti
beta
na
Sch
tdl.
Tar
u (T
) E
laeg
nace
ae
Fru
its
Dia
horr
ea
Thu
man
P
aste
31.
Jugl
ens
regi
a L
.. O
khar
Ju
glan
dace
ae
Nut
s B
ody
fres
h-up
T
hum
an G
atla
ng
Juic
e
32.
Juni
peru
s re
curv
a
Buc
h.-H
am e
x D
.Don
. S
ukpa
(T
) C
upre
ssac
eae
F
ruits
T
hroa
t pai
n C
hilim
e, G
atla
ng,
Thu
man
Ju
ice
33.
Lind
era
ness
iana
(W
all
ex N
ees)
Kur
z.
Kur
um (
T)
Laur
acea
e S
eed
D
iaho
rrea
T
hum
an
Juic
e
34.
Loni
cera
myr
tillu
s
Hoo
k. f.
&T
hom
son
Tak
tak
(T)
Cap
rifol
iace
ae
Roo
t F
ever
C
hilim
e, G
atla
ng,
Thu
man
P
aste
35.
Lyon
ia o
valif
olia
(Wal
l.)
Tam
asin
g (T
) E
ricac
eae
Leaf
B
oils
and
wou
nds
Chi
lime,
Gat
lang
, P
aste
26
Dru
de
Thu
man
36.
Mom
ordi
ca c
hara
ntia
L.
B
anka
rela
C
ucur
bita
ceae
F
ruit
Fev
er/s
kin
dise
ase
Thu
man
R
aw
37.
Myr
ica
escu
lent
a B
uck.
-
Ham
ex
D.D
on
Nam
in (
T)
Myr
icac
eae
Bar
k H
eart
dis
ease
T
hum
an C
hilim
e P
aste
38.
*Nar
dost
achy
s
gran
diflo
ra D
C.
Pan
gpe
(T),
Lahp
e
jata
man
in
Val
eria
ncea
e R
hizo
me
leav
es
Hea
dach
e, h
igh
altit
ude
sick
ness
G
atla
ng
Pas
te
39.
*Neo
picr
orhi
za
scro
phul
ariif
lora
(Pen
nell)
Hon
g
Kut
ki
Scr
ophu
laria
ceae
R
hizo
me
Roo
t F
ever
, Cou
gh C
old
Chi
lime,
Gat
lang
,
Thu
man
Ju
ice
40.
*Par
is p
olyp
hylla
Sm
ith
Sat
uwa,
Kal
chun
g (T
) Li
liace
ae
Roo
t F
ever
, Vom
iting
,
Wor
ms
Chi
lime
Pas
te
41.
Pie
ris fo
rmos
a (W
all.)
D.
Don
P
rapr
a (T
) E
ricac
eae
Le
af
Hea
dach
e
Gat
lang
Ju
ice
42.
Pot
entil
la p
endi
cula
ris
D. D
on
Baj
rada
nti
San
gmen
(T
) R
osac
eae
Roo
t G
astr
ic
Gat
lang
P
aste
43.
*Rhe
um a
ustr
ale
D. D
on
Pad
amch
al
Chh
urch
a (T
) P
olyg
onac
eae
R
oot
Bod
y pa
in r
elie
f,
Dia
rrho
ea/fr
actu
re
Chi
lime,
Gat
lang
P
aste
44.
Rho
diol
a hi
mal
ensi
s (
D.
Don
) F
u M
ahag
uru
Cra
ssul
acea
e
Roo
t F
ever
sto
mac
h pa
in
Chi
lime,
Gat
lang
,
Thu
man
P
aste
45.
*Rub
ia m
anjit
h R
oxb.
ex
Fle
min
g
Maj
itho
Tiru
(T
) R
ubia
ceae
R
oot
Sca
bies
/ Ski
n
Dis
ease
Chi
lime,
Gat
lang
,
Thu
man
P
aste
46.
Rum
ex n
epal
ensi
s
Spr
eng
Hal
hale
Allp
ibi (
T)
Pol
ygon
acea
e R
oot
Fra
ctur
e of
ani
mal
s T
hum
an
Pas
te
47.
Rho
dode
ndro
n
arbo
reum
Sm
. P
aram
endo
(T
) E
ricac
eae
Flo
wer
T
onic
C
hilim
e, G
atla
ng,
Thu
man
P
aste
27
48.
Rho
dode
ndro
n
anth
opog
an
D. D
on.
Sun
pati
Eric
acea
e F
low
er
Cau
se h
igh
altit
ude,
Hig
h al
titud
e
sick
ness
Chi
lime,
Gat
lang
,
Thu
man
Ju
ice
49.
*Sw
ertia
chi
rayi
ta
(Rox
b.ex
Fle
min
g)
Kar
sten
Chi
raito
Tim
da (
T)
Gen
tiana
ceae
W
hole
Pla
nt
Fev
er, h
eada
che
Chi
lime,
Gat
lang
,
Thu
man
Ju
ice
50.
*Sw
ertia
mul
ticau
lis
D.
Don
S
arm
agur
u (T
) G
entia
nace
ae
Who
le
plan
t
Fev
er, c
ut/w
ound
s
head
ache
Chi
lime,
Gat
lang
,
Thu
man
P
aste
51.
Tax
us w
allic
hian
a Z
ucc.
S
ildin
g (T
) T
axac
eae
Ste
m/le
af
Stim
ulan
t,
Res
pira
tory
rel
ief
Chi
lime,
Gat
lang
,
Thu
man
P
aste
, Jui
ce
52.
*Val
eria
na ja
tam
ansi
Jone
s.
Sug
andh
awal
Lung
be (
T)
Val
eria
nace
ae
Rhi
com
e C
ough
/col
d,
Thr
oat p
ain
Chi
lime,
Gat
lang
,
Thu
man
P
aste
53.
Vite
x ne
gund
o L.
S
imal
i V
erbe
nace
ae
See
d
Wor
ms
relie
f C
hilim
e, G
atla
ng,
Thu
man
P
aste
54.
*Zan
thox
ylum
arm
atum
DC
.
Pro
mo
(T),
Tim
ur
Rut
acea
e F
ruit
Gas
tric
C
hilim
e, G
atla
ng,
Thu
man
P
aste
55.
G
urije
Roo
t F
ever
, cut
and
w
ound
s
56.
Y
ajem
o
Roo
t F
ever
, sto
mac
h pa
in, h
eart
pai
n
57.
B
rash
in
W
hole
pl
ant
Cut
s/w
ound
s,
Bod
ypai
n
58.
S
iling
pral
bu
R
oof
Dia
rrho
ea
59.
W
angy
ang
Le
af
Sto
mac
h pa
in
60.
W
amar
bu/T
amt
a
Roo
t T
reat
blo
od
dyse
nter
y
61.
Y
akim
Roo
t F
ever
62.
M
ahag
uru
Fev
er (
stom
ach
pain
)
63.
A
yzib
i
Roo
t F
actu
re
28
64.
S
unga
Roo
t T
onic
65.
S
idin
g
Leaf
(st
em)
Res
pira
tion
relie
f
66.
P
e
Leaf
B
lood
pr
essu
re/f
ever
67.
T
omas
ing
Le
af
Wou
nds
with
wat
er
68.
G
ovo,
Tar
u
Fru
it D
iaho
rrea
69.
Ja
ktak
Roo
t F
ever
70.
C
hand
an
Wor
ship
ping
71.
T
ajgu
ru
R
oot
Fev
er
72.
W
ana
R
hizo
me
Fev
er
73.
K
huim
ra
S
tem
F
ever
74.
N
igirj
ale
R
oot
Fev
er
*
Hig
hly
Tra
ded
Med
icin
al P
lant
s in
Ras
uwa
© E
thno
bota
nica
l Dat
a pr
ovid
ed h
ere
is ta
ken
from
th
e M
.Sc
Dis
sert
atio
n su
bmitt
ed b
y S
aroj
Yad
av to
Trib
huva
n
Uni
vers
ity, C
entr
al D
epar
tmen
t of B
otan
y, K
irtip
ur
Kat
hman
du, N
epal
. (fu
nded
by
ES
0N_A
llach
y pr
ojec
t)
29
Annex – IV
Table 3. NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE FARMERS SUPPORTED FOR CHIRAITO (Swertia chirayita) GROWING
S.No Name of Participant Address Species cultivated
Area in Ropany Estimated Qty in Kg Remarks
1 Bahadur tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 1 ropany 25 Kg steam, 2 Kg seed Trained
person
2 Besar tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer
3 Chimo tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer
4 Chyangba dup tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 1 ropany 25 Kg steam, 2 Kg seed Trained
person
5 Dawa chenjim tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 3 ropany 75 Kg steam, 6 Kg seed New farmer
6 Dawa chenjom tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 0.5
ropany 12.5 Kg steam, 1 Kg seed Trained person
7 Dindup wangdi Chilime 4 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer
8 Gombo dorje taman Chilime 4 Chiraita 0.5
ropany 12.5 Kg steam, 1 Kg seed Trained person
9 Kale tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer
10 Kami chenjom tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 3 ropany 75 Kg steam, 6 Kg seed New farmer
11 Kami shya tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer
12 Kami sitar tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer
13 Lakpa dindup tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 1 ropany 25 Kg steam, 2 Kg seed Trained
person
14 Lakpa singgi tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 0.5
ropany 12.5 Kg steam, 1 Kg seed Trained person
15 Lha bri tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer
16 Malangjom tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 4 ropany 100 Kg steam, 8 Kg seed New farmer
17 Mingmar tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 1 ropany 25 Kg steam, 2 Kg seed Trained
person
18 Mingmar tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 1 ropany 25 Kg steam, 2 Kg seed New farmer
19 Nangdang tsering tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 1 ropany 25 Kg steam, 2 Kg seed New farmer
20 Nanggang chiring tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 1 ropany 25 Kg steam, 2 Kg seed Trained
person
21 Nima tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 4 ropany 100 Kg steam, 8 Kg seed New farmer
22 Norchel tamang Chilime 6 Chiraita 3 ropany 75 Kg steam, 6 Kg seed Trained
person
23 Nurpu tsering tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer
24 Pasang wangdi tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 0.5
ropany 12.5 Kg steam, 1 Kg seed
25 Pempa chomo tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer
26 Phinjo tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 0.5
ropany 12.5 Kg steam, 1 Kg seed Trained person
30
27 Ralpa tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 1 ropany 25 Kg steam, 2 Kg seed
28 Sampa dindup tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 3 ropany 75 Kg steam, 6 Kg seed Trained
person
29 Sampa tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 0.5
ropany 12.5 Kg steam, 1 Kg seed Trained person
30 Sarki tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer
31 Selkar tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 0.5
ropany 12.5 Kg steam, 1 Kg seed Trained person
32 Sem dorje tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer
33 Singghi namghyal tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 1 ropany 25 Kg steam, 2 Kg seed Trained
person
34 Sonam darpo tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 7 ropany 175 Kg steam, 14 Kg seed Trained
person
35 Sonam Duche tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer
36 Talpin tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita Trained
person
37 Tapcha tamang Chilime 5 Chiraita 2 ropany 50 Kg steam, 4 Kg seed New farmer
38 Thulo kami tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 0.5
ropany 12.5 Kg steam, 1 Kg seed Trained person
39 Urlama tamang Chilime 4 Chiraita 3 ropany 75 Kg steam, 6 Kg seed Trained
person
20 ropany is Equivalent to 1 hectare
31
Ann
ex –
V
Tab
le 4
. Non
Tim
ber F
ores
t Pro
duct
s (N
TF
Ps)
trad
ed
from
Ras
uwa
dist
rict (
2006
-200
7)
Tra
ders
nam
e: K
arsa
ng T
aman
g &
Kam
i Dor
ze (
Tha
mbu
che
t)A
dvan
ce to
the
trad
ers:
NR
s. 5
00-2
000
Num
ber
of h
ouse
hold
s en
gage
d in
the
colle
ctio
n of
MA
Ps
Yea
rly
harv
est
Qua
. P
ost h
arve
st
proc
ess
Chi
lime
VD
C
SN
S
cien
tific
/Nep
ali
Nam
es o
f NT
FP
T
aman
g na
me
Col
letio
n ar
ea/V
DC
s
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 G
atla
ng
Gol
jung
T
hum
an
2006
and
07
Tra
der
Col
lect
or
1
Sw
ertia
chi
rayi
ta
(Rox
b. e
x F
lem
ing)
Kar
sten
(C
hira
ito)
Tim
ta
Chi
lime,
Gol
jung
, G
atla
ng, T
hum
an
2- 3
4- 5 30
-40
20
-25
2- 3
5- 7 4- 5
6- 7 20
-25
10-1
5 20
-25
2000
-300
0 D
ry
Dry
2 D
elph
iniu
m
him
alay
ai
Mun
z/(N
irman
si)
Bon
gmar
, W
ongm
ar
4,5,
Thu
man
, Gat
lang
30-
40
20-
25
1-2
5-
7 50
-100
D
ry
Dry
3
Aco
nitu
m
hete
roph
yllu
m
Wal
l. ex
R
oyle
,/(B
ishm
a)
Bin
gma
4, 5
, Gat
lang
4-5
50-8
0 D
ry
Boi
l
4 A
coni
tum
fer
ox
Wal
l. ex
S
er./(
Bis
h Ja
ra)
N
yam
en
4, 5
, Gat
lang
30-
40
20-
25
1- 2 1- 2
20
00-3
000
Dry
B
oil
5 N
ardo
stac
hys
gran
diflo
ra D
C.
/(Ja
tam
ansi
)
Pan
gpe,
Lah
ape
4, 5
, Gat
lang
, Thu
man
30-
40
20-
25
1- 2 1- 2
20-2
5
5-7
4000
-500
0 D
ry
Dry
6 A
coru
s ca
lam
us
L./(
Boj
o)
Sed
a C
hilim
e, G
olju
ng,
Gat
lang
, Thu
man
1- 2
2- 3 4- 5
30-
40
20-
25
2- 3 5- 7
4- 5 6- 7
20-2
5 10
-15
50
0-10
00
Dry
C
ut/D
ry
7 V
aler
iana
wal
lichi
Jo
nes.
/(
Sug
andh
awal
)
Lung
be
Chi
lime,
Gol
jung
, G
atla
ng, T
hum
an
10-1
5
500
Dry
D
ry
8 Li
chen
/Jhy
au
Po
Chi
lime,
Gol
jung
, G
atla
ng, T
hum
an
1- 2 2- 3
4- 5 30
-40
20
-25
2- 3
5- 7 4- 5
6- 7 20
-25
10-1
5
1000
0-15
000
Dry
if
need
ed
9 P
aris
pol
yphy
lla
Sm
./(S
atuw
a)
Kal
chyu
ng
10
0
32
10
Asp
arag
us
race
mos
us
Will
d./(
Kur
ilo)
R
ajlim
a, K
obi
30
0
Boi
l and
pe
el
11
Ber
geni
a ci
liata
(H
aw.)
Ste
rnb.
/ (P
akha
ned)
B
rajim
endo
200
12
Rub
ia m
anjit
h R
oxb.
ex
Fle
min
g/(M
ajith
o)
Tiru
C
hilim
e, G
olju
ng,
Gat
lang
, Thu
man
1- 2
2- 3 4- 5
30-
40
20-
25
2- 3 5- 7
4- 5 6- 7
20-2
5 10
-15
20-2
5 50
0-10
00
Dry
an
d m
ake
piec
es
Dry
13
Dap
hne
papy
race
a W
all.
ex S
teud
./(Lo
kta)
S
yo-S
yo
20
0
14
Juni
pero
us
recu
rva
D.D
on./
(Dhu
pi p
at)
S
uppa
C
hilim
e, G
atla
nt,
Thu
man
30-
40
20-
25
10
00-2
000
Dry
15
Rho
dode
ndro
n an
thop
ogon
D.
Don
/(S
unpa
ti)
War
rlu
Chi
lime,
Gat
lang
30-
40
20-
25
20
00
Dry
16
Rhe
um a
ustr
ale
D.
Don
/(P
adam
chal
)
Chy
ungp
arin
C
hilim
e, G
olju
ng,
Gat
lang
, Thu
man
2- 3 4- 5
30-
40
20-
25
2- 3 5- 7
4- 5 6- 7
20-2
5 10
-15
20-2
5 40
0-50
0
Dry
17
Zan
thox
ylum
ar
mat
um
DC
./(T
imur
) P
rom
o
100
18
Neo
picr
orhi
za
scro
phul
ariif
lora
(P
enne
ll) D
.Y.
Hon
g/(K
utki
)
Kut
ki
10
0
19
Dac
tylo
rhiz
a ha
tagi
rea
(D.
Don
) S
oo/(
Pan
chau
le)
Wan
gpal
ampo
, W
angl
a
20
Sat
yriu
m
nepa
lens
e D
. D
on/(
Gam
dol
jara
)
Gam
dol
Chi
lime,
Gol
jung
, G
atla
ng, T
hum
an
1- 2 2- 3
4- 5 30
-40
20
-25
2- 3
5- 7 4- 5
6- 7 20
-25
10-1
5 20
-25
100-
200
33
21
Dio
scor
ea
delto
idea
Wal
l. ex
G
riseb
. /(
Kuk
urta
rul)
Nik
item
e C
hilim
e, G
olju
ng,
Gat
lang
, Thu
man
50
22
Tax
us w
allic
hian
a Z
ucc.
/(Lo
th s
alla
)
Sin
gisi
ng
Thu
man
20-2
5
23
Rac
hile
R
achi
le
10
0-15
0
24
Eph
edra
ge
rard
iana
Wal
l. ex
S
tapf
/(S
omla
ta)
Chh
ebun
gba
25
Pin
us w
allic
hian
a A
. B. J
acks
./ (S
imta
) S
imta
G
atla
ng
50
26
Sw
ertia
m
ultic
aulis
D.
Don
, /(
Sar
mag
uru)
Sar
mag
uru
27
Urm
en
Urm
en
Chi
lime
30
-40
20
-25
20-3
0 D
ry
Dry
28
Cur
culig
o or
chio
ides
G
aert
n./(
Mus
ali)
P
hase
C
hilim
e, G
olju
ng,
Gat
lang
, Thu
man
1- 2
2- 3 4- 5
30-
40
20-
25
2- 3 5- 7
4- 5 6- 7
20-2
5 10
-15
20-2
5 01
-Oct
D
ry
Dry
29
Gira
rdin
ia
dive
rsifo
lia (
Link
) F
riis
/(A
llo)
Pac
hyar
C
hilim
e, G
olju
ng,
Gat
lang
, Thu
man
1- 2
2- 3 4- 5
30-
40
20-
25
2- 3 5- 7
4- 5 6- 7
20-2
5 10
-15
20-2
5 60
0-70
0
Boi
l &
was
h
30
Cor
dyce
pus
sine
nsis
(B
erk.
) S
acc.
/(
Yar
sagu
mba
)
Yar
sagu
mba
20
31
Org
anic
exu
date
(S
ilajit
) B
rasi
n
20
32
Cin
nam
omum
ta
mal
a (B
uch.
-H
am.)
Nee
s &
E
berm
. /(T
ejpa
t)
Sin
gdin
gra,
S
ingd
ing
33
Frit
illar
ia c
irrho
sa
D. D
on /(
Bim
o)
Bim
o
10-
15
10
0
35
Annex – VII
Non Timber Forest Products Information Centre in Dh unche
During the Inauguration workshop of ESON_Allachy project in November 9, 2006 participants representing 20 organizations including Central District Office, District Forest Office, Langtang National Park, Community Forest User Groups, herb traders, traditional healers identified the need of the establishment of medicinal plants information center in the district so that resource ownership and guardianship will be developed among civil society of Rasuwa.
The information center will be the repository of all kinds of plant related information in the form of herbarium materials, museum specimens, literatures of high value non-timber forest products, highly threatened and endemic plant, ethnobotanical knowledge and plant related activities in the district.
Rationale
Rasuwa district at an altitudinal range of 900 to 7410 m occupies 1544 sq km land area comprising 47% high Himalaya, 50% high mountain and 3% mid mountain. This district is one of the biodiversity rich natural habitats of unique flora and fauna in the central Himalaya at the Nepal-China boarder. Tamang and Yolmo ethnic people are the dominant inhabitants of Rasuwa. Livelihood of about 60-70 percent of the people living at the northern VDCs of Rasuwa entirely depend on the income from the collection of medicinal plants in wild.
Over harvesting of medicinal plants, overgrazing, forest fires, enchroachment in the natural habitats are causing excessive decrease in the richness of the high value plants together with degradation of the important habitats. Despite many programs focused on MAPs and NTFPs in Rasuwa there are not any outstanding outputs so far achieved in this sector. To address this issue, a step forward action is identified by the concerned organizations and civil societies of this district on the sustainable utilization and conservation of the plant resources.
Expected outputs
- Repository/library of all the researches, study reports, theses, articles published/written on the natural resources of Rasuwa and some selective references of Nepal and abroad as well.
- Model nursery maintained by information center which helps to disseminate in situ and ex situ information within and neighboring district.
- Plant and NTFP database of the district.
- Common venue to organize meetings, seminars, workshops, trainings on medicinal plants in the district.
- Center will also take initiatives for the development of Operation Plans of Community forests of the districts incorporating detailed information of sustainable utilization plan of NTFPs and information on biodiversity (both flora & fauna).
- Develop Local Resource Persons (LRPs) for the NTFP inventory, general research on MAPs, socie-economic studies, medicinal plants nursery preparation and management, herbarium preparation and management and biodiversity monitoring.
- Minimize the duplication of work and increase the replication of successful learning in the district.
Sustainability
Information center will be operated and managed by Federation of Community Forest User groups Nepal (FECOFUN) Rasuwa unit and Manekor Society of Nepal (MSN) in the local level and Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal (ESON) will take care on the updated information in the form of literatures, museum specimens etc.
As medicinal plant conservation and support alternative income generating programs in the district, is one of the priority activity of District Development Committee (DDC) Rasuwa, the centre is also supported by DDC Rasuwa. Similarly there will be active role of District forest office, Langtang National Park and Village Development Committees and organizations working in the nature resources management of the district.
Information center will charge nominal amount for visitors who use (photocopy) literature, use database for research/study, use information center room for conducting workshop, trainings, seminar. The collected amount will be used for the office management, buying literatures and nursery management.