Community Action: Framework for Assessing Feasibility and Constraints Across Different Systems
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Transcript of Community Action: Framework for Assessing Feasibility and Constraints Across Different Systems
Community Action: Community Action: Framework for Assessing Feasibility and Framework for Assessing Feasibility and
Constraints Across Different SystemsConstraints Across Different Systems
Ruth Meinzen-Dick and Ruth Meinzen-Dick and Rowena Valmonte-SantosRowena Valmonte-Santos
INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
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FrameworkFramework Stakeholder IdentificationStakeholder Identification Stakeholder AssessmentStakeholder Assessment
• Existing property rights claims over Existing property rights claims over land, water, fisheries resourcesland, water, fisheries resources
• Existing livelihood strategiesExisting livelihood strategies
• Objectives, attitudes/perceptions Objectives, attitudes/perceptions toward projecttoward project
Community-level relationsCommunity-level relations• Interactions within and outside the Interactions within and outside the
group/local organizationsgroup/local organizations
Stakeholder meetings, negotiations, Stakeholder meetings, negotiations, using WorldFish methodsusing WorldFish methods
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Stakeholder IdentificationStakeholder Identification(from village reconnaissance)(from village reconnaissance) Resource users, e.g.Resource users, e.g.
• Owners/users of underlying landOwners/users of underlying land• FishersFishers• FarmersFarmers• Others?Others?
Authorities, e.g.Authorities, e.g.• Customary or traditional authorities who Customary or traditional authorities who
allocate resourcesallocate resources• Village councilsVillage councils
Others with livelihood stake, e.g.Others with livelihood stake, e.g.• FarmersFarmers• Fishers - fry breeders, fingerling growers, Fishers - fry breeders, fingerling growers,
traderstraders
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Institutional StakeholdersInstitutional Stakeholders
Farmers’, fishers’ and other Farmers’, fishers’ and other associationsassociations
Government agencies for each Government agencies for each sector (agriculture, environment, sector (agriculture, environment, fisheries, etc.)fisheries, etc.)
Local governmentLocal government NGOs, other organizationsNGOs, other organizations
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Stakeholder Assessment - Stakeholder Assessment - RightsRights (from focus group discussion, to (from focus group discussion, to be done separately for each type)be done separately for each type)
What rights do each claim over resources What rights do each claim over resources (including land, water, fish, other aquatic resources)(including land, water, fish, other aquatic resources)• Rights of access, use, exclusion, management, Rights of access, use, exclusion, management,
alienation, earn incomealienation, earn income• Vary by season? (irrigation systems, seasonally Vary by season? (irrigation systems, seasonally
flooded)flooded)• On what basis are claims? (e.g. government or On what basis are claims? (e.g. government or
customary law, investment, inheritance, permit)customary law, investment, inheritance, permit)• What conditionalities? What conditionalities? • With whom must one negotiate for permission?With whom must one negotiate for permission?
Likely to be overlapping Likely to be overlapping (e.g. village authorities (e.g. village authorities claim rights to allocate, farmers to grow crop, others to claim rights to allocate, farmers to grow crop, others to graze on fallow, others to fish in floods)graze on fallow, others to fish in floods)
Ask about “who can”, etc., not using Ask about “who can”, etc., not using confrontational “rights” languageconfrontational “rights” language
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Stakeholder AssessmentStakeholder Assessment
Sources of food, income, livelihoodsSources of food, income, livelihoods
Major assetsMajor assets
Differences by gender, generationDifferences by gender, generation
Networks within group and to other Networks within group and to other groups (e.g. patron-client links, work groups (e.g. patron-client links, work with NGOs)with NGOs)
Standing in communityStanding in community
Ability to speak out on their interestsAbility to speak out on their interests
Attitudes toward fishing and farmingAttitudes toward fishing and farming
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Community-level relationsCommunity-level relations(key informant interviews)(key informant interviews)
Sketch map of village resourcesSketch map of village resources History of major conflicts within History of major conflicts within
communitycommunity Power relations in village (who are Power relations in village (who are
the gatekeepers)the gatekeepers) History of working with projectsHistory of working with projects Distance to markets, experience Distance to markets, experience
with fishing, fish marketing, with fishing, fish marketing, marketing channelsmarketing channels
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Possible Method: Power Game or Possible Method: Power Game or Visualizing Property Rights Claim Visualizing Property Rights Claim Game Game
Visualization tool to identify how different Visualization tool to identify how different
groups understand the relations between groups understand the relations between
groupsgroups
Eva Schiffer – power game for wildlife in Eva Schiffer – power game for wildlife in
Namibia; water governance in GhanaNamibia; water governance in Ghana
Somewhat richer than “chapatti diagrams” Somewhat richer than “chapatti diagrams”
often used in PRAoften used in PRA
Enhanced Venn DiagramEnhanced Venn Diagram
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The Power Game Provides...The Power Game Provides...
• ““Maps” of local Maps” of local resourceresource governance governance
• Perceived distribution of rightsPerceived distribution of rights, access, , access, power according to stakeholderspower according to stakeholders
• Quantitative data (e.g. height of towers Quantitative data (e.g. height of towers etc.)etc.)
• Qualitative data (discussion about power Qualitative data (discussion about power set-up, accessibility, rights, conflicts etc.)set-up, accessibility, rights, conflicts etc.)
• Tool for presentationTool for presentation
• Tool for group discussionTool for group discussion
Eva Schiffer ---- 04 November 2004 ---- IFPRI
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Playing the Power Game: Playing the Power Game:
• list stakeholderslist stakeholders• chose figures (playing pieces; e.g. tower) chose figures (playing pieces; e.g. tower) • arrange figures on “local governance map”arrange figures on “local governance map”• add “range of action cards” to eachadd “range of action cards” to each
eye (observing)eye (observing); lips (giving advise); person with ; lips (giving advise); person with voting hand (voting hand (decision-making); money icon decision-making); money icon (receive/give payment)(receive/give payment)
• define powerdefine power• put figures on “power towers” (chips)put figures on “power towers” (chips)• review set-upreview set-up• discuss: Why? How?discuss: Why? How?
Eva Schiffer ---- 04 November 2004 ---- IFPRI
Separately with each stakeholder (individual or Separately with each stakeholder (individual or group)group)
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The Power Game The Power Game
Foto 1 (Spieldetails)
Eva Schiffer ---- 04 November 2004 ---- IFPRI
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The Power Game The Power Game
Eva Schiffer ---- 04 November 2004 ---- IFPRI