Communicationsin Computer and Information Science 192

Ajith Abraham Jaime Lloret MauriJohn F. Buford Junichi SuzukiSabu M. Thampi (Eds.)

Advances in Computingand Communications

First International Conference, ACC 2011Kochi, India, July 22-24, 2011Proceedings, Part III

13

Volume Editors

Ajith AbrahamMachine Intelligence Research Labs (MIR Labs)Auburn, WA, USAE-mail: ajith.abraham@ieee.org

Jaime Lloret MauriPolytechnic University of ValenciaValencia, SpainE-mail: jlloret@dcom.upv.es

John F. BufordAvaya Labs ResearchBasking Ridge, NJ, USAE-mail: john.buford@gmail.com

Junichi SuzukiUniversity of MassachusettsBoston, MA, USAE-mail: jxs@acm.org

Sabu M. ThampiRajagiri School of Engineering and TechnologyKochi, IndiaE-mail: smthampi@acm.org

ISSN 1865-0929 e-ISSN 1865-0937ISBN 978-3-642-22719-6 e-ISBN 978-3-642-22720-2DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-22720-2Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York

Library of Congress Control Number: Applied for

CR Subject Classification (1998): I.2, I.4, I.5, C.2, F.1, H.3

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material isconcerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting,reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publicationor parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965,in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liableto prosecution under the German Copyright Law.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply,even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective lawsand regulations and therefore free for general use.

Typesetting: Camera-ready by author, data conversion by Scientific Publishing Services, Chennai, India

Printed on acid-free paper

Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

The First International Conference on Advances in Computing and Communi-cations (ACC 2011) was held in Kochi during July 22–24, 2011. ACC 2011 wasorganized by Rajagiri School of Engineering & Technology (RSET) in associa-tion with the Association of Computing Machinery (ACM)- SIGWEB, MachineIntelligence Research Labs (MIR Labs), International Society for Computersand Their Applications, Inc. (ISCA), All India Council for Technical Educa-tion (AICTE), Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), Kerala StateCouncil for Science, Technology and Environment (KSCSTE), Computer Soci-ety of India (CSI)- Div IV and Cochin Chapter, The Institution of Electronicsand Telecommunication Engineers (IETE), The Institution of Engineers (India)and Project Management Institute (PMI),Trivandrum, Kerala Chapter. Estab-lished in 2001, RSET is a premier professional institution striving for holisticexcellence in education to mould young, vibrant engineers.

ACC 2011 was a three-day conference which provided an opportunity tobring together students, researchers and practitioners from both academia andindustry. ACC 2011 was focused on advances in computing and communicationsand it attracted many local and international delegates, presenting a balancedmixture of intellects from the East and from the West. ACC 2011 received 592 re-search papers from 38 countries including Albania, Algeria, Bangladesh, Brazil,Canada, Colombia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, France,Germany, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Korea, Kuwait, Malaysia, Mo-rocco, New Zealand, P.R. China, Pakistan, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Singapore,South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Taiwan, The Netherlands, Tunisia, UK,and USA. This clearly reflects the truly international stature of ACC 2011. Allpapers were rigorously reviewed internationally by an expert technical reviewcommittee comprising more than 300 members. The conference had a peer-reviewed program of technical sessions, workshops, tutorials, and demonstrationsessions.

There were several people that deserve appreciation and gratitude for helpingin the realization of this conference. We would like to thank the Program Com-mittee members and additional reviewers for their hard work in reviewing paperscarefully and rigorously. After careful discussions, the Program Committee se-lected 234 papers (acceptance rate: 39.53%) for presentation at the conference.We would also like to thank the authors for having revised their papers to addressthe comments and suggestions by the referees.

The conference program was enriched by the outstanding invited talks byAjith Abraham, Subir Saha, Narayan C. Debnath, Abhijit Mitra, K. ChandraSekaran, K. Subramanian, Sudip Misra, K.R. Srivathsan, Jaydip Sen, JoyatiDebnath and Junichi Suzuki. We believe that ACC 2011 delivered a high-quality,stimulating and enlightening technical program. The tutorials covered topics of

VI Preface

great interest to the cyber forensics and cloud computing communities. The tu-torial by Avinash Srinivasan provided an overview of the forensically importantartifacts left behind on a MAC computer. In his tutorial on “Network Foren-sics,” Bhadran provided an introduction to network forensics, packet captureand analysis techniques, and a discussion on various RNA tools. The tutorial onNext-Generation Cloud Computing by Pethuru Raj focused on enabling tech-nologies in cloud computing.

The ACC 2011 conference program also included five workshops: Interna-tional Workshop on Multimedia Streaming (MultiStreams 2011), Second Inter-national Workshop on Trust Management in P2P Systems (IWTMP2PS 2011),International Workshop on Cloud Computing: Architecture, Algorithms andApplications (CloudComp 2011), International Workshop on Identity: Security,Management and Applications (ID2011) and International Workshop on Appli-cations of Signal Processing (I-WASP 2011). We thank all the workshop organiz-ers as well as the Workshop Chair, El-Sayed El-Alfy, for their accomplishmentto bring out prosperous workshops. We would like to express our gratitude tothe Tutorial Chairs Patrick Seeling, Jaydeep Sen, K.S. Mathew, and RoksanaBoreli and Demo Chairs Amitava Mukherjee, Bhadran V.K., and JanardhananP.S. for their timely expertise in reviewing the proposals. Moreover, we thankPublication Chairs Pruet Boonma, Sajid Hussain and Hiroshi Wada for theirkind help in editing the proceedings. The large participation in ACC2011 wouldnot have been possible without the Publicity Co-chairs Victor Govindaswamy,Arun Saha and Biju Paul.

The proceedings of ACC 2011 are organized into four volumes. We hopethat you will find these proceedings to be a valuable resource in your profes-sional, research, and educational activities whether you are a student, academic,researcher, or a practicing professional.

July 2011 Ajith AbrahamJaime Lloret Mauri

John F. BufordJunichi Suzuki

Sabu M. Thampi

Organization

ACC 2011 was jointly organized by the Department of Computer Scienceand Engineering and Department of Information Technology, Rajagiri Schoolof Engineering and Technology (RSET), Kochi, India, in cooperation withACM/SIGWEB.

Organizing Committee

Chief PatronsFr. Jose Alex CMI Manager, RSETFr. Antony Kariyil CMI Director, RSET

Patron

J. Isaac, Principal RSET

Advisory Committee

A. Krishna Menon RSETA.C. Mathai RSETFr. Varghese Panthalookaran RSETKarthikeyan Chittayil RSETVinod Kumar, P.B. RSETBiju Abraham

Narayamparambil RSETKuttyamma A.J. RSETAsha Panicker RSETK. Rajendra Varmah RSETP.R. Madhava Panicker RSETLiza Annie Joseph RSETVarkey Philip RSETFr. Joel George Pullolil RSETR. Ajayakumar Varma KSCSTEK. Poulose Jacob Cochin University of Science & TechnologyH.R. Mohan, Chairman Div IV, Computer Society of India (CSI)Soman S.P., Chairman Computer Society of India (CSI), Cochin

ChapterS. Radhakrishnan, Chairman Kerala State Centre, The Institution of

Engineers (India)

VIII Organization

Steering Committee

John F. Buford Avaya Labs Research, USARajkumar Buyya University of Melbourne, AustraliaMukesh Singhai University of Kentucky, USAJohn Strassner Pohang University of Science and Technology,

Republic of KoreaJunichi Suzuki University of Massachusetts, Boston, USARamakrishna Kappagantu IEEE India CouncilAchuthsankar S. Nair Centre for Bioinformatics, Trivandrum, India

Conference Chair

Sabu M. Thampi Rajagiri School of Engineering and Technology,India

ACC 2011 Program Committee Chairs

General Co-chairsAjith Abraham Machine Intelligence Research Labs, EuropeChandra Sekaran K. National Institute of Technology Karnataka,

IndiaWaleed W. Smari University of Dayton, Ohio, USA

Program Co-chairs

Jaime Lloret Mauri Polytechnic University of Valencia, SpainThorsten Strufe Darmstadt University of Technology, GermanyGregorio Martinez University of Murcia, Spain

Special Sessions and Workshops Co-chairs

El-Sayed El-Alfy King Fahd University of Petroleum andMinerals, Saudi Arabia

Silvio Bortoleto Positivo University, Brazil

Tutorial Co-chairsPatrick Seeling University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point, USAJaydeep Sen Tata Consultancy Services, Calcutta, IndiaK.S. Mathew Rajagiri School of Engineering and Technology,

IndiaRoksana Boreli National ICT Australia Ltd., Australia

Organization IX

Demo Co-chairsAmitava Mukherjee IBM Global Business Services, IndiaBhadran V.K. Centre for Development of Advanced

Computing, Trivandrum, IndiaJanardhanan P.S. Rajagiri School of Engineering and Technology,

India

Publicity Co-chairs

Victor Govindaswamy Texas A&M University, USAArun Saha Fujitsu Network Communications, USABiju Paul Rajagiri School of Engineering and Technology,

India

Publication Co-chairsPruet Boonma Chiang Mai University, ThailandSajid Hussain Fisk University, USAHiroshi Wada University of New South Wales, Australia

ACC 2011 Technical Program Committee

A. Hafid Network Research Lab, University of Montreal,Canada

Abdallah Shami The University of Western Ontario, CanadaAbdelhafid Abouaissa University of Haute Alsace, FranceAbdelmalik Bachir Imperial College London, UKAbdelouahid Derhab CERIST, AlgeriaAbhijit Mitra Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, IndiaAdao Silva University of Aveiro, PortugalAdel Ali University Technology MalaysiaAhmed Mehaoua University of Paris Descartes, FranceAi-Chun Pang National Taiwan University, TaiwanAjay Gupta Western Michigan University, USAAlberto Dainotti University of Naples “Federico II”, ItalyAlessandro Leonardi University of Catania, ItalyAlex Galis University College London, UKAlexey Vinel Saint Petersburg Institute, RussiaAli Abedi University of Maine, USAAlicia Trivino Cabrera Universidad de Malaga, SpainAlireza Behbahani University of California, Irvine, USAAlois Ferscha University of Linz, AustriaAl-Sakib Khan Pathan International Islamic University, MalaysiaAmar Prakash Azad INRIA, FranceAmirhossein Alimohammad University of Alberta, CanadaAmit Agarwal Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India

X Organization

Amitava Mukherjee IBM Global Business Services, IndiaAnand Prasad NEC Corporation, JapanAndreas Maeder NEC Laboratories Europe, GermanyAnkur Gupta Model Institute of Engineering and Technology,

IndiaAntonio Coronato ICAR-CNR, Naples, ItalyAntonio Pescape University of Naples Federico II, ItalyAntonio Rodrigues IT / Instituto Superior Tecnico, PortugalAnura P. Jayasumana Colorado State University, USAArnab Bhattacharya Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, IndiaArun Saha Fujitsu Network Communications, USAArvind Swaminathan Qualcomm, USAAshley Thomas Secureworks Inc., USAAshraf Elnagar Sharjah University, UAEAshraf Mahmoud KFUPM, Saudi ArabiaAshwani Singh Navtel Systems, FranceAthanasios Vasilakos University of Western Macedonia, GreeceAtilio Gameiro Telecommunications Institute/Aveiro

University, PortugalAydin Sezgin Ulm University, GermanyAyman Assra McGill University, CanadaAytac Azgin Georgia Institute of Technology, USAB. Sundar Rajan Indian Institute of Science, IndiaBabu A.V. National Institute of Technology, Calicut, IndiaBabu B.V. BITS-Pilani, Rajasthan, IndiaBabu Raj E. Sun College of Engineering and Technology,

IndiaBalagangadhar G. Bathula Columbia University, USABorhanuddin Mohd. Ali Universiti Putra MalaysiaBrijendra Kumar Joshi Military College, Indore, IndiaBruno Crispo Universita di Trento, ItalyC.-F. Cheng National Chiao Tung University, TaiwanChang Wu Yu Chung Hua University, TaiwanCharalampos Tsimenidis Newcastle University, UKChih-Cheng Tseng National Ilan University, TaiwanChi-Hsiang Yeh Queen’s University, CanadaChitra Babu SSN College of Engineering, Chennai, IndiaChittaranjan Hota BITS Hyderabad Campus, IndiaChonho Lee Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeChristian Callegari University of Pisa, ItalyChristos Chrysoulas Technological Educational Institute, GreeceChuan-Ching Sue National Cheng Kung University, TaiwanChung Shue Chen TREC, INRIA, France

Organization XI

Chun-I. Fan National Sun Yat-sen University, TaiwanChutima Prommak Suranaree University of Technology, ThailandDali Wei Jiangsu Tianze Infoindustry Company Ltd,

P.R. ChinaDanda B. Rawat Old Dominion University, USADaniele Tarchi University of Bologna, ItalyDavide Adami CNIT Pisa Research Unit, University of Pisa,

ItalyDeepak Garg Thapar University, IndiaDemin Wang Microsoft Inc., USADennis Pfisterer University of Lubeck, GermanyDeyun Gao Beijing Jiaotong University, P.R. ChinaDharma Agrawal University of Cincinnati, USADhiman Barman Juniper Networks, USADi Jin General Motors, USADimitrios Katsaros University of Thessaly, GreeceDimitrios Vergados National Technical University of Athens,

GreeceDirk Pesch Cork Institute of Technology, IrelandDjamel Sadok Federal University of Pernambuco, BrazilEduardo Cerqueira Federal University of Para (UFPA), BrazilEduardo Souto Federal University of Amazonas, BrazilEdward Au Huawei Technologies, P.R. ChinaEgemen Cetinkaya University of Kansas, USAElizabeth Sherly IIITM-Kerala, IndiaEl-Sayed El-Alfy King Fahd University, Saudi ArabiaEmad A. Felemban Umm Al Qura University, Saudi ArabiaEric Renault TELECOM & Management SudParis, FranceErrol Lloyd University of Delaware, USAErtan Onur Delft University of Technology,

The NetherlandsFaouzi Bader CTTC, SpainFaouzi Kamoun WTS, UAEFernando Velez University of Beira Interior, PortugalFilipe Cardoso ESTSetubal/Polytechnic Institute of Setubal,

PortugalFlorian Doetzer ASKON ConsultingGroup, GermanyFrancesco Quaglia Sapienza Universita di Roma, ItalyFrancine Krief University of Bordeaux, FranceFrank Yeong-Sung Lin National Taiwan University, TaiwanGianluigi Ferrari University of Parma, ItalyGiuseppe Ruggeri University “Mediterranea” of Reggio Calabria,

ItalyGrzegorz Danilewicz Poznan University of Technology, PolandGuang-Hua Yang The University of Hong Kong, Hong KongGuo Bin Institut Telecom SudParis, France

XII Organization

Hadi Otrok Khalifa University, UAEHamid Mcheick Universite du Quebec a Chicoutimi, CanadaHarry Skianis University of the Aegean, GreeceHicham Khalife ENSEIRB-LaBRI, FranceHimal Suraweera Singapore University of Technology and Design,

SingaporeHiroshi Wada University of New South Wales, AustraliaHong-Hsu Yen Shih-Hsin University, TaiwanHongli Xu University of Science and Technology of China,

P.R. ChinaHoucine Hassan Technical University of Valencia, SpainHsuan-Jung Su National Taiwan University, TaiwanHuaiyu Dai NC State University, USAHuey-Ing Liu Fu-Jen Catholic University, TaiwanHung-Keng Pung National University of SingaporeHung-Yu Wei NTU, TaiwanIan Glover University of Strathclyde, UKIan Wells Swansea Metropolitan University, UKIbrahim Develi Erciyes University, TurkeyIbrahim El rube AAST, EgyptIbrahim Habib City University of New York, USAIbrahim Korpeoglu Bilkent University, TurkeyIlja Radusch Technische Universitat Berlin, GermanyIlka Miloucheva Media Technology Research, GermanyImad Elhajj American University of Beirut, LebanonIvan Ganchev University of Limerick, IrelandIwan Adhicandra The University of Pisa, ItalyJalel Ben-othman University of Versailles, FranceJane-Hwa Huang National Chi Nan University, TaiwanJaydeep Sen Tata Consultancy Services, Calcutta, IndiaJiankun Hu RMIT University, AustraliaJie Yang Cisco Systems, USAJiping Xiong Zhejiang Normal University of ChinaJose de Souza Federal University of Ceara, BrazilJose Moreira IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, USAJu Wang Virginia State University, USAJuan-Carlos Cano Technical University of Valencia, SpainJudith Kelner Federal University of Pernambuco, BrazilJulien Laganier Juniper Networks Inc., USAJussi Haapola University of Oulu, FinlandK. Komathy Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, IndiaKa Lok Hung The Hong Kong University, Hong KongKa Lok Man Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, ChinaKaddar Lamia University of Versailles Saint Quentin, FranceKainam Thomas Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Organization XIII

Kais Mnif High Institute of Electronics andCommunications of Sfax, Tunisia

Kang Yong Lee ETRI, KoreaKatia Bortoleto Positivo University, BrazilKejie Lu University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez, USAKemal Tepe University of Windsor, CanadaKhalifa Hettak Communications Research Centre (CRC),

CanadaKhushboo Shah Altusystems Corp, USAKotecha K. Institute of Technology, Nirma University, IndiaKpatcha Bayarou Fraunhofer Institute, GermanyKumar Padmanabh General Motors, IndiaKyriakos Manousakis Telcordia Technologies, USAKyung Sup Kwak Inha University, KoreaLi Zhao Microsoft Corporation, USALi-Chun Wang National Chiao Tung University, TaiwanLin Du Technicolor Research and Innovation Beijing,

P.R. ChinaLiza A. Latiff University Technology MalaysiaLuca Scalia University of Palermo, ItalyM Ayoub Khan C-DAC, Noida, IndiaMaaruf Ali Oxford Brookes University, UKMadhu Kumar S.D. National Institute of Technology, Calicut, IndiaMadhu Nair University of Kerala, IndiaMadhumita Chatterjee Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, IndiaMahamod Ismail Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaMahmoud Al-Qutayri Khalifa University, UAEManimaran Govindarasu Iowa State University, USAMarcelo Segatto Federal University of Espırito Santo, FranceMaria Ganzha University of Gdansk, PolandMarilia Curado University of Coimbra, PortugalMario Fanelli DEIS, University of Bologna,ItalyMariofanna Milanova University of Arkansas at Little Rock, USAMariusz Glabowski Poznan University of Technology, PolandMariusz Zal Poznan University of Technology, PolandMasato Saito University of the Ryukyus, JapanMassimiliano Comisso University of Trieste, ItalyMassimiliano Laddomada Texas A&M University-Texarkana, USAMatthias R. Brust University of Central Florida, USAMehrzad Biguesh Queen’s University, CanadaMichael Alexander Scaledinfra Technologies GmbH, AustriaMichael Hempel University of Nebraska - Lincoln, USAMichael Lauer Vanille-Media, GermanyMing Xia NICT, JapanMing Xiao Royal Institute of Technology, SwedenMohamed Ali Kaafar INRIA, France

XIV Organization

Mohamed Cheriet Ecole de Technologie Superieure, CanadaMohamed Eltoweissy Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USAMohamed Hamdi Carthage University, TunisiaMohamed Moustafa Akhbar El Yom Academy, EgyptMohammad Banat Jordan University of Science and Technology,

JordanMohammad Hayajneh UAEU, UAEMohammed Misbahuddin C-DAC, IndiaMustafa Badaroglu IMEC, BelgiumNaceur Malouch Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, FranceNakjung Choi, Alcatel-Lucent Bell-Labs, Seoul, KoreaNamje Park Jeju University, South KoreaNatarajan Meghanathan Jackson State University, USANeeli Prasad Center for TeleInFrastructure (CTIF),

DenmarkNen-Fu Huang National Tsing Hua University, TaiwanNikola Zogovic University of Belgrade, SerbiaNikolaos Pantazis Technological Educational Institution of

Athens, GreeceNilanjan Banerjee IBM Research, IndiaNiloy Ganguly Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur,

IndiaPablo Corral Gonzalez University Miguel Hernandez, SpainPatrick Seeling University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point, USAPaulo R.L. Gondim University of Brasılia, BrazilPeter Bertok Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology

(RMIT), AustraliaPhan Cong-Vinh London South Bank University, UKPingyi Fan Tsinghua University, P.R. ChinaPiotr Zwierzykowski Poznan University of Technology, PolandPascal Lorenz University of Haute Alsace, FrancePruet Boonma Chiang Mai University, ThailandPunam Bedi University of Delhi, IndiaQinghai Gao Atheros Communications Inc., USARahul Khanna Intel, USARajendra Akerkar Western Norway Research Institute, NorwayRaul Santos University of Colima, MexicoRavishankar Iyer Intel Corp, USARegina Araujo Federal University of Sao Carlos, BrazilRenjie Huang Washington State University, USARicardo Lent Imperial College London, UKRio G. L. D’Souza St. Joseph Engineering College, Mangalore,

IndiaRoberto Pagliari University of California, Irvine, USARoberto Verdone WiLab, University of Bologna, ItalyRoksana Boreli National ICT Australia Ltd., Australia

Organization XV

Ronny Yongho Kim Kyungil University, KoreaRuay-Shiung Chang National Dong Hwa University, TaiwanRuidong Li NICT, JapanS. Ali Ghorashi Shahid Beheshti University, IranSahar Ghazal University of Versailles, FranceSaid Soulhi Ericsson, SwedanSajid Hussain Fisk University, USASalah Bourennane Ecole Centrale Marseille, FranceSalman Abdul Moiz CDAC, Bangalore, IndiaSameh Elnikety Microsoft Research, USASanjay H.A. Nitte Meenakshi Institute, Bangalore, IndiaSathish Rajasekhar RMIT University, AustraliaSergey Andreev Tampere University of Technology, FinlandSeshan Srirangarajan Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeSeyed (Reza) Zekavat Michigan Technological University, USASghaier Guizani UAE University, UAEShancang Li School of Engineering, Swansea University, UKShi Xiao Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeSiby Abraham University of Mumbai, IndiaSilvio Bortoleto Positivo University, BrazilSimon Pietro Romano University of Naples Federico II, ItalySomayajulu D. V. L. N. National Institute of Technology Warangal,

IndiaSong Guo The University of British Columbia, CanadaSong Lin University of California, Riverside, USASoumya Sen University of Pennsylvania, USAStefano Ferretti University of Bologna, ItalyStefano Giordano University of Pisa, ItalyStefano Pesic Cisco Systems, ItalyStefano Tomasin University of Padova, ItalyStefanos Gritzalis University of the Aegean, GreeceSteven Gordon Thammasat University, ThailandSuat Ozdemir Gazi University, TurkeySubir Saha Nokia Siemens Networks, IndiaSubramanian K. Advanced Center for Informatics and

Innovative Learning, IGNOU, IndiaSudarshan T.S.B. Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bangalore,

IndiaSugam Sharma Iowa State University, USASurekha Mariam Varghese M.A. College of Engineering, IndiaT. Aaron Gulliver University of Victoria, CanadaTao Jiang Huazhong University of Science and

Technology, P.R. ChinaTarek Bejaoui Mediatron Lab., Carthage University, TunisiaTarun Joshi University of Cincinnati, USATheodore Stergiou Intracom Telecom, UK

XVI Organization

Thienne Johnson University of Arizona, USAThomas Chen Swansea University, UKTsern-Huei Lee National Chiao Tung University, TaiwanUsman Javaid Vodafone Group, UKVamsi Paruchuri University of Central Arkansas, USAVana Kalogeraki University of California, Riverside, USAVehbi Cagri Gungor Bahcesehir University, TurkeyVelmurugan Ayyadurai University of Surrey, UKVicent Cholvi Universitat Jaume I, SpainVictor Govindaswamy Texas A&M University, USAVijaya Kumar B.P. Reva Institute of Technology and Management,

Bangalore, IndiaViji E Chenthamarakshan IBM T.J. Watson Research Center in

New York, USAVino D.S. Kingston Hewlett-Packard, USAVinod Chandra S.S. College of Engineering Thiruvananthapuram,

IndiaVivek Jain Robert Bosch LLC, USAVivek Singh Banaras Hindu University, IndiaVladimir Kropotov D-Link Russia, RussiaWael M El-Medany University of Bahrain, Kingdom of BahrainWaslon Lopes UFCG - Federal University of Campina Grande,

BrazilWei Yu Towson University, USAWei-Chieh Ke National Tsing Hua University, TaiwanWendong Xiao Institute for Infocomm Research, SingaporeXiang-Gen Xia University of Delaware, USAXiaodong Wang Qualcomm, USAXiaoguang Niu Wuhan University, P.R. ChinaXiaoqi Jia Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of

Sciences, P.R. ChinaXinbing Wang Shanghai Jiaotong University, P.R. ChinaXu Shao Institute for Infocomm Research, SingaporeXueping Wang Fudan University, P.R. ChinaYacine Atif UAE University, UAEYali Liu University of California, Davis, USAYang Li Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.R. ChinaYassine Bouslimani University of Moncton, CanadaYe Zhu Cleveland State University, USAYi Zhou Texas A&M University, USAYifan Yu France Telecom R&D Beijing, P.R. ChinaYong Wang University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USAYoungseok Lee Chungnam National University, KoreaYoussef SAID Tunisie Telecom/Sys’Com Lab,ENIT, TunisiaYuan-Cheng Lai Information Management, NTUST, TaiwanYuh-Ren Tsai National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan

Organization XVII

Yu-Kai Huang Quanta Research Institute, TaiwanYusuf Ozturk San Diego State University, USAZaher Aghbari University of Sharjah, UAEZbigniew Dziong University of Quebec, CanadaZhang Jin Beijing Normal University, P.R. ChinaZhenghao Zhang Florida State University, USAZhenzhen Ye iBasis, Inc., USAZhihua Cui Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,

ChinaZhili Sun University of Surrey, UKZhong Zhou University of Connecticut, USAZia Saquib C-DAC, Mumbai, India

ACC 2011 Additional Reviewers

Akshay Vashist Telcordia Telchnologies, USAAlessandro Testa University of Naples Federico II, ItalyAmitava Academy of Technology, IndiaAmmar Rashid Auckland University of Technology,

New ZealandAnand MITS, IndiaBjoern W. Schuller Technical University, GermanyChi-Ming Wong Jinwen University of Science and Technology,

TaiwanDanish Faizan NIC-INDIA, IndiaFatos Xhafa UPC, Barcelona Tech, SpainHooman Tahayori Ryerson University, CanadaJohn Jose IIT Madras, IndiaJyoti Singh Academy of Technology, IndiaKoushik West Bengal University of Technology, IndiaLong Zheng University of Aizu, JapanManpreet Singh M.M. Engineering College, IndiaMaria Striki Telcordia Technologies, Piscataway, USAMohamad Zoinol Abidin Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, MalaysiaMohamed Dahmane University of Montreal,CanadaMohd Helmy Abd Wahab Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, MalaysiaMohd Riduan Bin Ahmad Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, MalaysiaMohd Sadiq Jamia Millia Islamia, IndiaMudhakar Srivatsa IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, USANan Yang CSIRO, AustraliaNurulnadwan Aziz Aziz Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

XVIII Organization

Pooya Taheri University of Alberta, CanadaR.C. Wang NTTU, TaiwanRoman Yampolskiy University of Louisville, USAShuang Tian The University of Sydney, AustraliaSyed Abbas Ali Ajman University of Science & Technology,

UAEVelayutham Adhiparasakthi Engineering College,

Melmaruvathur, IndiaYeong-Luh Ueng National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan

International Workshop on Identity: Security,

Management and Applications (ID 2011)

General Chairs

Paul Rodrigues(CTO, WSS, India) Hindustan University, India

H.R. Vishwakarma(Secretary, Computer

Society of India) VIT University, India

Program Chairs

P. Krishna Reddy IIIT, Hyderabad, IndiaSundar K.S. Education & Research, Infosys Technologies

Limited, IndiaSrinivasa Ragavan Intel Inc, USAS. Venkatachalam Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University,

India

Organizing Chair

Madhan Kumar Srinivasan Education & Research, Infosys TechnologiesLimited, India

Organizing Co-chairs

Abhi Saran London South Bank University, UKAnireddy Niranjan Reddy University of Glamorgan, UKRevathy Madhan Kumar Education & Research, Infosys Technologies

Limited, India

Technical Program Committee

Arjan Durresi Indiana University Purdue UniversityIndianapolis, USA

Arun Sivanandham Infosys Technologies Limited, IndiaAvinash Srinivasan Bloomsburg University, USABezawada Bruhadeshwar IIIT, Hyderabad, IndiaBhaskara Reddy AV Infosys Technologies Limited, IndiaBipin Indurkhya IIIT, Hyderabad, India

XX ID 2011

C. Sunil Kumar Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University,India

Chandrabali Karmakar Infosys Technologies Limited, IndiaFarooq Anjum On-Ramp Wireless, USAGudipati Kalyan Kumar Excellence India, IndiaHamid Sharif University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USAHui Chen Virginia State University, USAJie Li University of Tsukuba, JapanKalaiselvam Infineon Technologies, GermanyLau Lung UFSC, BrazilLukas Ruf Consecom AG, SwitzerlandManik Lal Das Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and

Communication Technology (DA-IICT),India

Manimaran Govindarasu Iowa State University, USANarendra Ahuja University of Illinois, USAOmar University of Jordan, JordanPradeep Kumar T.S. Infosys Technologies Limited, IndiaPradeepa Wipro Technologies, IndiaRajiv Tripathi NIT, Allahabad, IndiaRakesh Chithuluri Oracle, IndiaSanjay Chaudhary Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and

Communication Technology (DA-IICT),India

Santosh Pasuladi Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University,India

Satheesh Kumar Varma IIIT, Pune, IndiaSaurabh Barjatiya IIIT, Hyderabad, IndiaSreekumar Vobugari Education & Research, Infosys Technologies

Limited, IndiaSuthershan Vairavel CTS, IndiaTarun Rao Infosys Technologies Limited, IndiaThomas Little Boston University, USATim Strayer BBN Technologies, USAV. Balamurugan IBM, IndiaVasudeva Varma IIIT, Hyderabad, IndiaVinod Babu Giesecke & Devrient, GermanyYonghe Liu UT Arlington, USA

International Workshop on Applications of

Signal Processing(I-WASP 2011)

Workshop Organizers

Jaison Jacob Rajagiri School of Engineering and Technology,India

Sreeraj K.P. Rajagiri School of Engineering and Technology,India

Rithu James Rajagiri School of Engineering and Technology,India

Technical Program Committee

A. Vinod NTU, SingaporeAggelos Katsaggelos Northwestern University, USABing Li University of Virginia, USACarlos Gonzalez University of Castilla-La Mancha, SpainDamon Chandler Oklahoma State University, USAEgon L. van den Broek University of Twente, The NetherlandsFeng Wu Microsoft Research Asia, P.R. ChinaHakan Johansson University of Linkoping, SwedenJoaquim Filipe EST-Setubal, PortugalLotfi Senahdji Universite de Rennes 1, FranceReyer Zwiggelkaar Aberystwyth University, UKXianghua Xie Swansea University, UKYoshikazu Miyanaga Hokkaido University, Japan

International Workshop on Cloud Computing:

Architecture, Algorithms and Applications(CloudComp 2011)

Workshop Organizers

Binu A. Cochin University of Science and Technology,India

Biju Paul Rajagiri School of Engineering and Technology,India

Sabu M. Thampi Rajagiri School of Engineering and Technology,India

Technical Program Committee

Antonio Puliafito University of Messina, ItalyBob Callaway IBM, USAChee Shin Yeo Institute of High-Performance Computing,

SingaporeChin-Sean Sum National Institute of Information and

Communications Technology, JapanChing-Hsien Hsu Chung Hua University, TaiwanDrissa Houatra Orange Labs, FranceDeepak Unnikrishnan University of Massachusetts, USAJie Song Northeastern University, P.R. ChinaSalah Sharieh McMaster University, CanadaFrancesco Longo Universita di Messina, ItalyFabienne Anhalt Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon–INRIA,

FranceGaurav Somani LNMIIT, Jaipur, IndiaHaibing Guan Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P.R. ChinaHongbo Jiang Huazhong University of Science and

Technology, P.R. ChinaHongkai Xiong Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P.R ChinaHui Zhang Nec Laboratories America, USAItai Zilbershtein Avaya, IsraelJens Nimis University of Applied Sciences, GermanyJie Song Software College, Northeastern University,

China

XXIV CloudComp 2011

Jorge Carapinha PT Inovacao S.A. Telecom Group, PortugalJunyi Wang National Institute of Information and

Communications Technology, JapanK. Chandra Sekaran NITK, IndiaKai Zheng IBM China Research Lab, P.R. ChinaKrishna Sankar Cisco Systems, USALaurent Amanton Havre University, FranceLuca Caviglione National Research Council (CNR), ItalyLukas Ruf Consecom AG, SwitzerlandMassimiliano Rak Second University of Naples, ItalyPallab Datta IBM Almaden Research Center, USAPascale Vicat-Blanc Primet INRIA, FrancePrabu Dorairaj NetApp Inc, IndiaShivani Sud Intel Labs, USAShuicheng Yan National University of Singapore, SingaporeSiani Pearson HP Labs, UKSimon Koo University of San Diego, USASrikumar Venugopal UNSW, AustraliaStephan Kopf University of Mannheim, GermanyThomas Sandholm Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, USAUmberto Villano University of Sannio, ItalyVipin Chaudhary University at Buffalo, USAYaozu Dong Intel Corporation, P.R. ChinaZhou Lan National Institute of Information and

Communications Technology, Japan

International Workshop on Multimedia

Streaming (MultiStreams 2011)

Program Chairs

Pascal Lorenz University of Haute Alsace, FranceFan Ye IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, USATrung Q. Duong Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden

Technical Program Committee

Guangjie Han Hohai University, P.R. ChinaAlex Canovas Polytechnic University of Valencia, SpainBrent Lagesse Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USAChung Shue Chen INRIA-ENS, FranceDebasis Giri Haldia Institute of Technology, IndiaMario Montagud Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, SpainDoreen Miriam Anna University, IndiaDuduku V. Viswacheda University Malaysia Sabah, MalaysiaElsa Macıas Lopez University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria,

SpainEugenia Bernardino Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, PortugalFernando Boronat Instituto de Investigacion para la Gestion

Integrada de Zonas Costeras, SpainJen-Wen Ding National Kaohsiung University of Applied

Sciences, TaiwanJoel Rodrigues IT University of Beira Interior, PortugalJo-Yew Tham A*STAR Institute for Infocomm Research,

SingaporeMarcelo Atenas Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, SpainJorge Bernabe University of Murcia, PolandBao Vo Nguyen Posts and Telecommunications Institute of

Technology, VietnamHans-Juergen Zepernick Blekinge Institute of Technology, SwedenJose Maria Alcaraz Calero University of Murcia, SpainJuan Marin Perez University of Murcia, SpainLei Shu Osaka University, JapanLexing Xie The Australian National University, AustraliaMarc Gilg University of Haute-Alsace, FranceMiguel Garcia Polytechnic University of Valencia, SpainMohd Riduan Bin Ahmad Universiti Teknikal Malaysia, Malaysia

XXVI MultiStreams 2011

Phan Cong-Vinh London South Bank University, UKAlvaro Suarez-Sarmiento University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria,

SpainSong Guo University of British Columbia, CanadaTin-Yu Wu Tamkang University, TaiwanZhangbing Zhou Institut Telecom & Management SudParis,

FranceZuqing Zhu Cisco System, USAJuan M. Sanchez University of Extremadura, SpainChoong Seon Hong Kyung Hee University, Korea

Second International Workshop on Trust

Management in P2P Systems(IWTMP2PS 2011)

Program Chairs

Visvasuresh VictorGovindaswamy Texas A&M University-Texarkana, USA

Jack Hu Microsoft, USASabu M. Thampi Rajagiri School of Engineering and Technology,

India

Technical Program Committee

Haiguang Fudan University, P.R. ChinaIoannis Anagnostopoulos University of the Aegean, GreeceFarag Azzedin King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals,

Saudi ArabiaRoksana Boreli National ICT Australia, AustraliaYann Busnel University of Nantes, FranceJuan-Carlos Cano Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, SpainPhan Cong-Vinh London South Bank University, UKJianguo Ding University of Luxembourg, LuxemburgMarkus Fiedler Blekinge Institute of Technology, SwedenDeepak Garg Thapar University, Patiala, IndiaFelix Gomez Marmol University of Murcia, SpainPaulo Gondim Universidade de Brasilia, BrazilSteven Gordon Thammasat University, ThailandAnkur Gupta Model Institute of Engineering and Technology,

IndiaHoucine Hassan Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, SpainYifeng He Ryerson University, CanadaMichael Hempel University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USASalman Abdul Moiz CDAC, IndiaGuimin Huang Guilin University of Electronic Technology,

P.R. ChinaRenjie Huang Washington State University, USABenoit Hudzia SAP Research, UKHelge Janicke De Montfort University, UK

XXVIII IWTMP2PS 2011

Mohamed Ali Kaafar INRIA, FranceEleni Koutrouli National University of Athens, GreeceStefan Kraxberger Graz University of Technology, AustriaJonathan Loo Middlesex University, UKMarjan Naderan Amirkabir University of Technology, IranLourdes Penalver Valencia Polytechnic University, SpainElvira Popescu UCV, RomaniaGuangzhi Qu Oakland University, USAAneel Rahim COMSATS Institute of Information

Technology, PakistanYonglin Ren SITE, University of Ottawa, CanadaAndreas Riener University of Linz, AustriaSamir Saklikar RSA, Security Division of EMC, IndiaThomas Schmidt HAW Hamburg (DE), GermanyFangyang Shen Northern New Mexico College, USAThorsten Strufe TU Darmstadt, GermanySudarshan Tsb Amrita School of Engineering, IndiaDemin Wang Microsoft, USAFatos Xhafa UPC, Barcelona, SpainJiping Xiong Zhejiang Normal University, P.R. ChinaChang Wu Yu Chung Hua University, Taiwan

Table of Contents – Part III

Security, Trust and Privacy

Chaotic Integrity Check Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Prathuri Jhansi Rani and S. Durga Bhavani

An In-Depth Analysis of the Epitome of Online Stealth: Keyloggers;and Their Countermeasures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Kalpa Vishnani, Alwyn Roshan Pais, and Radhesh Mohandas

Cancelable Biometrics for Better Security and Privacy in BiometricSystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Sanjay Ganesh Kanade, Dijana Petrovska-Delacretaz, andBernadette Dorizzi

Advanced Clustering Based Intrusion Detection (ACID) Algorithm . . . . . 35Samarjeet Borah, Debaditya Chakravorty, Chandan Chawhan, andAritra Saha

Measuring the Deployment Hiccups of DNSSEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Vasilis Pappas and Angelos D. Keromytis

Sensor Networks

Self-organizing MAC Protocol Switching for Performance Adaptationin Wireless Sensor Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Fan Yu and Subir Biswas

DFDNM: A Distributed Fault Detection and Node ManagementScheme for Wireless Sensor Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Indrajit Banerjee, Prasenjit Chanak, Biplab Kumar Sikdar, andHafizur Rahaman

An Optimized Reduced Energy Consumption (OREC) Algorithm forRouting in Wireless Sensor Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Joydeep Banerjee, Swarup Kumar Mitra, Pradipta Ghosh, andMrinal Kanti Naskar

Improving Energy Efficiency of Underwater Acoustic Sensor NetworksUsing Transmission Power Control: A Cross-Layer Approach . . . . . . . . . . 93

Sumi A. Samad, S.K. Shenoy, and G. Santhosh Kumar

A Collaborative, Secure and Energy Efficient Intrusion DetectionMethod for Homogeneous WSN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

T. Mohamed Mubarak, Syed Abdul Sattar, Appa Rao, and M. Sajitha

XXX Table of Contents – Part III

An Efficient and Hybrid Key Management Scheme for Three TierWireless Sensor Networks Using LU Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Manivannan Doraipandian, Ezhilarasie Rajapackiyam,P. Neelamegam, and Anuj Kumar Rai

Grey System Theory-Based Energy Map Construction for WirelessSensor Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Vivek Katiyar, Narottam Chand, and Surender Soni

An Entropic Approach to Data Aggregation with Divergence MeasureBased Clustering in Sensor Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Adwitiya Sinha and D.K. Lobiyal

Energy Efficient Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks UsingSpatial Correlation Based Collaborative Medium Access Control . . . . . . . 143

A. Rajeswari and P.T. Kalaivaani

Signal and Image Processing

Palmprint Authentication by Phase Congruency Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Jyoti Malik, G. Sainarayanan, and Ratna Dahiya

Design and Implementation of 3D DWT for 4D Image BasedNoninvasive Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

P.X. Shajan, N.J.R. Muniraj, and John T. Abraham

Stratified SIFT Matching for Human Iris Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178Sambit Bakshi, Hunny Mehrotra, and Banshidhar Majhi

Quality Index Based Face Recognition under Varying IlluminationConditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

K.T. Dilna and T.D. Senthilkumar

Noise Adaptive Weighted Switching Median Filter for Removing HighDensity Impulse Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Madhu S. Nair and P.M. Ameera Mol

SMT-8036 Based Implementation of Secured Software Defined RadioSystem for Adaptive Modulation Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Sudhanshu Menta, Surbhi Sharma, and Rajesh Khanna

Abstraction of Exudates in Color Fundus Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213Richu Paul and S. Vasanthi

A Histogram Adaptation for Contrast Enhancement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221Lisha Thomas and K. Santhi

Evaluating the Performance of a Speech Recognition Based System . . . . . 230Vinod Kumar Pandey and Sunil Kumar Kopparapu

Table of Contents – Part III XXXI

Unified Approach in Food Quality Evaluation Using Machine Vision . . . . 239Rohit R. Parmar, Kavindra R. Jain, and Chintan K. Modi

Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Based All-Optical Peres Gate . . . . . . . . . . . 249G.K. Maity, J.N. Roy, and S.P. Maity

Using PSO in Image Hiding Scheme Based on LSB Substitution . . . . . . . 259Punam Bedi, Roli Bansal, and Priti Sehgal

Matrix Embedding Using Random Linear Codes and Its Steganalysis . . . 269P. Harmya, S.S. Anju, Noopa Jagadeesh, andAishwarya Nandakumar

An Efficient Directional Weighted Median Switching Filter for ImpulseNoise Removal in Medical Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

Madhu S. Nair and J. Reji

An Improved Handwritten Text Line Segmentation Technique . . . . . . . . . 289M. Mohammadi, S.S. Mozaffari Chanijani,V.N. Manjunath Aradhya, and G.H. Kumar

Skew Estimation for Unconstrained Handwritten Documents . . . . . . . . . . 297V.N. Manjunath Aradhya, C. Naveena, and S.K. Niranjan

Recognition of Simple and Conjunct Handwritten MalayalamCharacters Using LCPA Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

M. Abdul Rahiman and M.S. Rajasree

A Fuzzy Genetic Approach to Impulse Noise Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315K.K. Anisha and M. Wilscy

Chain Code Histogram Based Facial Image Feature Extraction underDegraded Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Soyuj Kumar Sahoo, Jitendra Jain, and S.R. Mahadeva Prasanna

Object Recognition Based on Fuzzy Morphological Polynomial SignalRepresentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

Chin-Pan Huang, Ping S. Huang, Chaur-Heh Hsieh, andTsorng-Lin Chia

Face Detection for Skin-Toned Images Using Signature Functions . . . . . . 342H.C. VijayLakshmi and Sudarshan PatilKulkarni

Recurrent Neural Network Based Phoneme Recognition IncorporatingArticulatory Dynamic Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

Mohammed Rokibul Alam Kotwal, Foyzul Hassan,Md. Mahabubul Alam, Abdur Rahman Khan Jehad,Md. Arifuzzaman, and Mohammad Nurul Huda

XXXII Table of Contents – Part III

Gaussian Noise and Haar Wavelet Transform Image Compression onTransmission of Dermatological Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

Kamil Dimililer and Cemal Kavalcioglu

Image Processing Techniques for Glaucoma Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365Mishra Madhusudhan, Nath Malay, S.R. Nirmala, andDandapat Samerendra

Transmitter Preprocessing Assisted MIMO SDMA Systems overFrequency-Selective Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

Shriram Swaminathan, Suraj Krishnan, andPrabagarane Nagaradjane

A Fuzzy Neuro Clustering Based Vector Quantization for FaceRecognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

Elizabeth B. Varghese and M. Wilscy

3D Face Recognition Using Orientation Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396B.H. Shekar, N. Harivinod, and M. Sharmila Kumari

The Optimal Wavelet for Speech Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406Shijo M. Joseph and P. Babu Anto

Skew Angle Estimation and Correction for Noisy Document Images . . . . 415M. Manomathi and S. Chitrakala

Face Recognition Using ATP Feature Set under Difficult LightingConditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Lincy Thomas and Komathy Karuppanan

Classification of Mammogram Images Using Discrete WaveletTransformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435

K.K. Rajkumar and G. Raju

Optimized Trace Transform Based Feature Extraction Architecture forCBIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

Meena S. Maralappanavar, K. Pramod, and K. Linganagouda

Multi-algorithm Fusion for Speech Emotion Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452Gyanendra K. Verma, U.S. Tiwary, and Shaishav Agrawal

Combining Chain-Code and Fourier Descriptors for FingerprintMatching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

C.Z. Geevar and P. Sojan Lal

Facial Emotion Recognition Using Different Multi-resolutionTransforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

Gyanendra K. Verma, U.S. Tiwary, and Mahendra K. Rai

Table of Contents – Part III XXXIII

Robust Watermarking through Spatially Disjoint Transformations . . . . . . 478Reena Gunjan, Saurabh Maheshwari, Vijay Laxmi, and M.S. Gaur

Soft Computing Techniques

An ANN Based Approach to Calculate Robotic Fingers Positions . . . . . . 488Ankit Chaudhary, J.L. Raheja, Kunal Singal, and Shekhar Raheja

Word Classification Using Neural Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497A. Muthamizh Selvan and R. Rajesh

Very Short Term Wind Power Forecasting Using PSO-Neural NetworkHybrid System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503

E. Pratheepraj, Anuj Abraham, S.N. Deepa, and V. Yuvaraj

A Class of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) Architectures with SOMfor Estimating MIMO Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

Kandarpa Kumar Sarma and Abhijit Mitra

An Efficient Framework for Prediction in Healthcare Data Using SoftComputing Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522

Veena H. Bhat, Prasanth G. Rao, S. Krishna, P. Deepa Shenoy,K.R. Venugopal, and L.M. Patnaik

Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning for Soft Computing . . . . . . . . . 533Clifton Kussmaul

A Modified and Efficient Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (MSFLA)for Unsupervised Data Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543

Suresh Chittineni, Dinesh Godavarthi, A.N.S. Pradeep,Suresh Chandra Satapathy, and P.V.G.D. Prasad Reddy

Neighborhood Search Assisted Particle Swarm Optimization (NPSO)Algorithm for Partitional Data Clustering Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552

R. Karthi, C. Rajendran, and K. Rameshkumar

System Software

Portability in Incremental Compilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562P.R. Mahalingam and C. Unnikrishnan

Test Case Optimization Using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm . . . . . . . . 570Adi Srikanth, Nandakishore J. Kulkarni, K. Venkat Naveen, PuneetSingh, and Praveen Ranjan Srivastava

XXXIV Table of Contents – Part III

Vehicular Communications Networks

Adaptive Power Allocation in CI/MC-CDMA System Using GeneticAlgorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580

Santi P. Maity and Sumanta Hati

PHY Abstraction for MIMO Based OFDM Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590Tarun kumar Juluru and Anitha Sheela Kankacharla

Level Crossing Rate in Land Mobile Satellite Channel with a ModifiedNakagami-Lognormal Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601

Sayantan Hazra and Abhijit Mitra

Cache Invalidation for Location Dependent and Independent Data inIVANETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609

Anurag Singh, Narottam Chand, and Lalit Kr Awasthi

VCAR: Scalable and Adaptive Data Dissemination for VANET . . . . . . . . 615K. Naveen and Komathy Karuppanan

Efficient Distributed Group Authentication Protocol for Vehicular AdHoc Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624

Priya Karunanithi and Komathy Karuppanan

Opportunistic Dissemination for Accident Management Using VehicularNetworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634

R. Namritha and Komathy Karuppanan

Machine Learning Approach for Multiple Misbehavior Detection inVANET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644

Jyoti Grover, Nitesh Kumar Prajapati, Vijay Laxmi, andManoj Singh Gaur

Improved Position-Based Routing in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks UsingP-DIR Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654

Ram Shringar Raw and D.K. Lobiyal

IMS and Presence Service Integration on Intelligent TransportationSystems for Future Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664

Andres Garcia, Jose Santa, Antonio Moragon, andAntonio Farnando Gomez-Skarmeta

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677