Communicable Communicable DiseasesDiseases

Communicable Communicable DiseasesDiseases

Definition Definition Caused by direct or Caused by direct or

indirect spread of indirect spread of pathogens from one pathogens from one person to another.person to another.

Pathogens Pathogens

DefinitionDefinition -Tiny living creatures -Tiny living creatures

that cause disease.that cause disease.

Types of Types of pathogenspathogens

Bacteria Bacteria Virus Virus FungiFungi ProtozoanProtozoan

BacteriaBacteria (100 million will fit in a grain (100 million will fit in a grain

of sand.)of sand.) Most common of all Most common of all

pathogens. pathogens. Most DO NOT cause disease. Most DO NOT cause disease. Reproduces through cell Reproduces through cell

division.division. Ex. Strep throat , lyme diseaseEx. Strep throat , lyme disease

Strep ThroatStrep Throat

Bacteria VideoBacteria Video

http://webcast.mediaondemand.com/library_video/20000901/27_bacteria_300.asx

VirusVirus All viruses are considered All viruses are considered

ParasitesParasites Smallest and simplest of Smallest and simplest of

microorganisms.microorganisms. Can only live on living Can only live on living

cells-cells- tricks human cells to tricks human cells to reproduce more viruses. reproduce more viruses.

Reproduce until “cell burst”Reproduce until “cell burst” Examples- chicken pox, cold, Examples- chicken pox, cold,

flu, measles, rabies, HIV/AIDS flu, measles, rabies, HIV/AIDS

Virus cont.Virus cont. Highly specific in types of Highly specific in types of cells they invade.cells they invade.Polio- nervous system Polio- nervous system Common cold –respiratory Common cold –respiratory system system

Small pox, chicken pox, Small pox, chicken pox, shingles- Skin cells.shingles- Skin cells.

Antibiotic drugs do not have Antibiotic drugs do not have an affect on viruses.an affect on viruses.

Cell BurstCell Burst

http://www.whfreeman.com/kuby/content/anm/kb03an01.htm

Video Video http://www.libraryvideo.com/streami

ng.asp?mscssid=GQ2BQAMMHCT78JEXX6WWGAQ4EC2M3584&sku=N6639

How a virus reproduces How a virus reproduces

Cell Burst

ProtozoanProtozoan Most are harmless.Most are harmless. One celled organism One celled organism Grows in water Grows in water Multiples quickly in moist Multiples quickly in moist

places places Ex. Malaria Ex. Malaria

FungiFungi Live off non-living things.Live off non-living things.

Molds, yeast, and mushroomsMolds, yeast, and mushrooms

Live in warm moist places.Live in warm moist places. Ex. Locker room or matsEx. Locker room or mats

ex. Ring worm / athletes footex. Ring worm / athletes foot

Fungi Fungi

Athlete’s Foot Ring Worm

A. Immune system- Body’s A. Immune system- Body’s Primary Defenses Against Primary Defenses Against

DiseasesDiseases(nonspecific resistance = will react (nonspecific resistance = will react the same the same EVERYEVERY time a pathogen time a pathogen

enters the body)enters the body) SkinSkin Mucus MembraneMucus Membrane CiliaCilia Chemical barriersChemical barriers – tears and – tears and

saliva saliva ReflexesReflexes- Blinking, coughing, - Blinking, coughing,

and sneezing. and sneezing.

Body’s Defense Against Body’s Defense Against Communicable DiseaseCommunicable Disease SkinSkin

Most Most important – important – keeps out keeps out harmful germs harmful germs

Produces Produces sweat that kills sweat that kills some types of some types of pathogens.pathogens.

Body’s Defense Against Body’s Defense Against Communicable DiseaseCommunicable Disease

Mucus MembraneMucus Membrane Cells that line nose, Cells that line nose, mouth and throat.mouth and throat.

Produce mucus to trap Produce mucus to trap germsgerms

Body’s Defense Against Body’s Defense Against Communicable DiseaseCommunicable Disease

Cilia Cilia Wavelike hairs that sweep Wavelike hairs that sweep out germs out germs

Body’s Secondary Body’s Secondary DefensesDefenses

•Specific Resistance- more detailed then the primary defense. Kills and keeps record of pathogens.

•Fever

•White Blood Cells

Body’s Defense Against Body’s Defense Against Communicable DiseaseCommunicable Disease

FeverFeverNorm temp. 98.6Norm temp. 98.6When microorganisms multiply When microorganisms multiply body temp increases.body temp increases.

Temp. increase slows Temp. increase slows multiplying multiplying

Body’s Defense Against Body’s Defense Against Communicable DiseaseCommunicable Disease

White blood cellsWhite blood cells Special cells that fight Special cells that fight infection infection

Kill pathogens by Kill pathogens by surrounding and surrounding and swallowingswallowing

1. Lymphocytes = WBC’s 1. Lymphocytes = WBC’s (4 types)(4 types)

LymphocytesLymphocytes 4 types 4 types

Killer T -Killer T - attack attack Are sent to destroy or attack Are sent to destroy or attack antigens antigens

Helper THelper T – control the strength – control the strength and quality of immune responseand quality of immune response

B Cells B Cells –produce antibodies–produce antibodiesMacrophageMacrophage- pac man like- take - pac man like- take bite of pathogen and sends back bite of pathogen and sends back info. to T-cellsinfo. to T-cells

How white blood cells How white blood cells work work Virus enters body system- Virus enters body system- indirectindirect or or directdirect

contactcontact MacrophageMacrophage- Bite virus and send antigen to - Bite virus and send antigen to

T- cellsT- cells Helper T cells Helper T cells – act as messenger calling B – act as messenger calling B

cells cells B Cells B Cells – create – create antibodyantibody to help kill to help kill

pathogens and remove pathogens pathogens and remove pathogens (interlocking parts)(interlocking parts)

Virus can no longer invade body’s cells Virus can no longer invade body’s cells Kept on file – body has immunity Kept on file – body has immunity

Killer T Cells Killer T Cells – destroy virus – destroy virus

White Blood Cells White Blood Cells

Macrophage – Macrophage – Pac-Man like garbage Pac-Man like garbage collectors.collectors.

Take bites of invadersTake bites of invaders

Antigens and AntibodiesAntigens and Antibodies AntigensAntigens- chemical code of - chemical code of

pathogens. Contains critical info. pathogens. Contains critical info. about the pathogen about the pathogen

AntibodiesAntibodies

1. Are created by B-Cells 1. Are created by B-Cells

2. Antibodies latch to pathogen. Fits 2. Antibodies latch to pathogen. Fits together like a lock and key. This together like a lock and key. This prevents the virus from entering cellsprevents the virus from entering cells

Active Immunity Active Immunity 2 types 2 types

NaturalNatural – body gets disease & – body gets disease & recovers recovers Recall immune response from Recall immune response from previous illness previous illness

VaccinationVaccinationDead or weakened strain of virus Dead or weakened strain of virus injected into you body. injected into you body.

Body then destroys virus and Body then destroys virus and creates antibodies against it.creates antibodies against it.

Ways Disease Enter BodyWays Disease Enter Body

Mouth

Eyes

Nose

Break in skin

Genitals

How diseases are spreadHow diseases are spread Direct contactDirect contact –touching infected –touching infected

area of personarea of person

Indirect Indirect contact-sneezing, contact-sneezing, coughing, sharing personal items coughing, sharing personal items

Contact with animals and insectsContact with animals and insects

- bites- bites Other contact-Other contact- eating eating

contaminated foods contaminated foods

Prevention for Prevention for communicable diseases communicable diseases

Wash hand often!!!Wash hand often!!! Cover mouth when sneezing Cover mouth when sneezing

or coughing.or coughing. Proper care of foodProper care of food Eat healthy and exerciseEat healthy and exercise Shower daily Shower daily Avoid tobacco and drugsAvoid tobacco and drugs

White blood cells defend against germs The immune system is made up of many different kinds of white blood cells. White blood cells work together to protect us against disease-causing germs.

Macrophages identify germsWhen a germ invades our bodies, macrophages gobble up the germ and display its surface shape, or antigen, for other immune cells to see.

Helper T cells direct the defenseHelper T cells spot the foreign antigen on the macrophage and begin to multiply. They alert other white blood cells and direct the body's defense.

B cells make antibodiesB cells start to make chemicals called antibodies. Antibodies lock onto foreign antigens making it easier for other immune cells to destroy them.

Killer T cells destroy germsAlerted by helper T cells, killer T cells multiply and destroy the invading germs. Working together, our white blood cells can usually destroy invading germs.

Problems with Immune Problems with Immune SystemSystem

Immunodeficiency- Immunodeficiency-

System not present or System not present or working properly working properly

Some may be caused by Some may be caused by medicines ( Chemotherapy)medicines ( Chemotherapy)

May be caused by infections May be caused by infections (HIV, AIDS) (HIV, AIDS)

Problems with Immune Problems with Immune SystemSystem Autoimmune disordersAutoimmune disorders

Immune system mistakenly Immune system mistakenly attacks body’s healthy attacks body’s healthy organs.organs.

Allergic DisordersAllergic DisordersSystem overreacts to System overreacts to exposure to antigens in exposure to antigens in environment.environment.

Common communicable Common communicable diseases diseases

Common coldCommon cold –see handout –see handout

HepatitisHepatitis-see handout-see handout

MononucleosisMononucleosis-see handout-see handout

REVIEW GAMEREVIEW GAME

RULES-RULES- 1. two teams1. two teams 2. three strikes and your out2. three strikes and your out 3. Must get the question COMPLETELY 3. Must get the question COMPLETELY

right in order to earn the pointsright in order to earn the points 4. Two student compete to answer a non-4. Two student compete to answer a non-

related health question. The winning related health question. The winning student asks his team if the want to play or student asks his team if the want to play or pass……pass……

5. Object is the accumulate the most points5. Object is the accumulate the most points

What are communicable What are communicable disease?disease?

Diseases that are passed from Diseases that are passed from person to person and caused by a person to person and caused by a pathogen.pathogen.

Name the pathogen that Name the pathogen that causes the following causes the following

diseases?diseases? HIVHIV Lyme diseaseLyme disease RingwormRingworm

How does the following How does the following defense work to help defense work to help

protects us from getting protects us from getting sicksick Skin-Skin-

Mucus member-Mucus member- Cilia-Cilia- Reflexes-Reflexes-

Answer to previous ?Answer to previous ?

Keeps out most pathogens, and Keeps out most pathogens, and produced sweat to kill some produced sweat to kill some pathogenspathogens

Produces mucus to trap pathogensProduces mucus to trap pathogens Wave-like hairs that sweep out Wave-like hairs that sweep out

germsgerms Blinking, coughing, sneezingBlinking, coughing, sneezing

Name the four types of Name the four types of pathogens that cause pathogens that cause people to become ill?people to become ill?

BacteriaBacteria VirusVirus FungiFungi protozoaprotozoa

Give three examples of how Give three examples of how diseases are passed diseases are passed

through indirect contact?through indirect contact? SneezingSneezing CoughingCoughing Sharing personal item, i.e. lip gloss, Sharing personal item, i.e. lip gloss,

drinking glassdrinking glass Person to objectPerson to object Animal to person, i.e. – deer tick Animal to person, i.e. – deer tick

List three characteristics of List three characteristics of a virus? a virus?

Smallest and simplest of all pathogensSmallest and simplest of all pathogens Can only live and reproduce in a living Can only live and reproduce in a living

cellcell They will only attack specific parts of They will only attack specific parts of

the bodythe body Will eventually destroy the cell they Will eventually destroy the cell they

invadeinvade Tricks human cell to clone the virus Tricks human cell to clone the virus

Name three ways pathogens Name three ways pathogens can enter the body?can enter the body?

MouthMouth EyesEyes NoseNose Break in the skinBreak in the skin GenitalsGenitals earsears

Name four types of white Name four types of white blood cells?blood cells?

LymphocytesLymphocytes A. Killer T-CellsA. Killer T-Cells B. Helper T-CellsB. Helper T-Cells C. B- CellsC. B- Cells D. Macrophage (pac-man)D. Macrophage (pac-man)

Name fours ways to prevent Name fours ways to prevent communicable disease from communicable disease from

spreading?spreading? Wash hands oftenWash hands often Cover mouth when sneezing or Cover mouth when sneezing or

coughingcoughing Proper food care- cook food Proper food care- cook food

thoroughlythoroughly Eat healthy and exerciseEat healthy and exercise Shower dailyShower daily