Communicable diseases
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Transcript of Communicable diseases
Disaster
Communicable Diseases
Host (Man)
Agent (P falciparum)
Environment (Pool of Water, Vector)
Epidemiological Triad
AGENTBacteria, Viruses,Parasites, fungi
(or) their products
ENVIRONMENTShelter, altitude,
humidity, sanitation,food supply, water
supply, temperatureovercrowding
HOSTAge
genetic susceptibilitynutritional status
previous exposureimmunization status
general physical condition
Vector
Diseases Signs/ Symptoms Control Measures
Measles Fever, Rash, and Cold/ Cough/ or Conjunctivitis (Red Eye)
Immunization and Vitamin A supplementation
Pneumonia (ARI – acute respiratory infections)
Breathing Rate (60-50-40) see table 2
Blankets, Shelter
Malaria In an endemic area * any fever may be malaria. In other regions chills precede fever. In early infections fever skips a day (alternate day fever). There may be severe headache also.
Integrated Vector Control
TB Two weeks cough or/ and fever is a sign of TB. At least two cough (sputum) tests are needed.
DOTS Medicines should continue for 6 months.
Diseases Signs/ Symptoms Control Measures
Diarrhoea Diarrhea is more than 3 loose stools a day or a change in consistency and number of stools that is noticed by the mother or care taker
Filter WaterPurify Water
Severe Diarrhoea
If the diarrhoea is of 14 days or more duration, the child has severe persistent diarrhoea. This child should be referred to hospital.The child who is passing blood in the stools has dysentery. If the child is below 2 months blood in the stools is a danger sign of Serious Bacterial Infection
Discussed in detail
Diarrhoea and Dehydration
Assess every child with diarrhoea for dehydration. Look for the following:LOOK and FEEL for the following signs:LOOK Look at the child's general condition. Is the child lethargic or unconscious? restless and irritable?LOOK for sunken eyes.OFFER the child fluid to drink. Is the child not able to drink or drinking poorly? drinking eagerly, thirsty?PINCH the skin of the abdomen. Does it go back: Very slowly (longer than 2 seconds)? Slowly?
Oral Rehydration Solution and Zinc
If the Child’s age is The child has fast breathing if you count:
0 to 2 months2 months up to 12 months:12 months up to 5 years:
60 breaths per minute or more50 breaths per minute or more40 breaths per minute or more
Pneumonia
Water Supply
SanitationORS and
Zinc
Water purification
Water filtering
Diarhoea
Control Measures for Diarrhoea
In 1 liter (4 glasses) of RAW WATER mix 3 level tablespoons
= (6 level tea spoons) BLEACHING POWDER (30%).
0.6 ml stock or 3 drops for 1 liter of RAW water6 ml for 10 liters of RAW water60 ml for 100 liters of RAW water
PREPARE STOCK SOLUTION
DRINKING WATER DISINFECTION