COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

SRI SUNARINGSIH IKA WARDOJO, MPH

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WHAT IS COMMUNICABLE DISEASE ? Those are transmissible from one

person, or animal, to another. The disease may be spread directly, via another species (vector) or via the environment (Ryan & Ray, 2004).

Illness will arise when the infectious agents invade the host, or sometimes as a result of toxins produced by bacteria in food (Watts, 2003).

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COMMUNICABLE DISEASE The spread of the disease through a

population is determined by environmental and social condition, and the relative immunity of the population.

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INFECTIOUS AGENTS ARE… Bacteria Viruses Fungi Protozoa

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MODES OF TRANSMISSION Direct Transmission Indirect Transmission

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DIRECT TRANSMISSION Direct contact with the infected people

(kissing, sexual intercourse) Droplet spread (coughing, sneezing) Faecal-oral spread

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INDIRECT TRANSMISSION It involves VEHICLES and VECTOR to

carry a disease agents from the source to the host

Vehicles are inanimate or non-living means of transmission of infectious organism.

While, vector are animate or living vehicles which transmit infections

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VEHICLES OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION Water ~> especially for enteric disease,

such as: Typhoid, Cholera, Baccilary dysentry

Milk ~>especially for transmission from catle to man, such as: bovine TB, brucellosis

Food ~> especially for raw food or inadequately cooked, such as: poisoning, diarrhoeal disease

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CONT’… Air ~> cold, pneumonia, cough,

measles, chickenpox

Soil ~> anthrax, hookworm, tetanus

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VECTORS OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION ARE… Mechanical Transfer Intestinal Harborage Biological transmission

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MECHANICAL TRANSFER The contaminated mouth-parts or feet

of some insects vectors mechanically transfer the infectious organisms to a bite-wound or to food (ex. flies that transferred the typhoid or diarrhea through unhygienic food)

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INTESTINAL HARBORAGE Certain insects harbour pathogenic

organisms in their intestinal tracts, then the organisms are passed through their faeces or to the contaminated food (ex. Plague)

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BIOLOGICAL TRANSMISSION Refers to the multiplication of the

infectious agent during its stay in the body vector (ex. Malaria, DBD)

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SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS Onset The rash ~> easier to do the diagnosis

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GENERAL RULES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASE Isolation Treatment Diet Immunization and travel advice (Ship Captain Medical Guide, 2012)

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ESSENTIAL BASIC RULES OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASE Isolate Strip the patient and make a thorough

examination looking for any signs of rash in order to establish a diagnosis

Put him to bed Give non-alcoholic fluids in the first

instance If his temp. exceeds 39,4 C make an

arrangements for tepid sponging Call the doctor or paramedics if the

symptoms and signs persists (Ship Captain Medical Guide, 2012)

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SEVERAL TERMS RELATED TO COMMUNICABLE DISEASE Carrier Contact The incubation period The isolation period The period of communicability

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ASSIGNMENT Try to find the Incubation period, period of

communicability, isolation period, symptoms and

signs, and treatment of the diseases below:

1 ANTHRAX CHICKENPOX DIPHTERIA2 CHOLERA DENGUE FEVER TYPHOID3 HEPATITIS INFLUENZA PLAGUE4 MALARIA MEASLES

MENINGITIS

REFERENCES Ryan, KJ & Ray CG 2004, Sherris Medical

Microbiology (4th eds), London: McGraw-Hill.

Watts, D 2003, Six degrees:the science of a connected age, London :McGraw_Hill.

Ship’s Captain Medical Guide 2012, Communicable disease, Accessed from <http//www.apt_medical_guide.htm>.

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THANK YOU